Central African Journal of Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Infection Control Practices Associated with Puerperal Sepsis in Harare City Maternity Units","authors":"Elizabeth Tirivavi, V. Chikanya, P. Mundagowa","doi":"10.11648/j.cajph.20190501.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190501.15","url":null,"abstract":"The time of childbirth are responsible for about ten percent of maternal deaths and contribute to severe morbidity as well as long-term disability among many women. Such infections are also termed puerperal sepsis and these are more prevalent in low to medium countries. Puerperal sepsis is preventable by simple and low cost solutions such as handwashing at the time of delivery, damp dusting and use of sterile equipment. The Harare City health department recorded puerperal sepsis as the third cause of maternal mortality, accounting for 18.1% of all maternal deaths recorded for the year 2016. The study sought to determine infection prevention and control practices associated with puerperal sepsis in Harare City maternity units. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed and data was purposively collected from 84 midwives from 12 polyclinics. Observational walks through visits were carried out to solicit infection control practices and availability of relevant inventory before recording on the checklist. Nurses had above average knowledge on infection and prevention control, however this did not translate to good infection and prevention control practices. The majority of midwives (83%) had not attend infection prevention and control trainings during the previous year and there was a major challenge of stock-outs of basic consumables and equipment such as surgical gloves and elbow taps.","PeriodicalId":339086,"journal":{"name":"Central African Journal of Public Health","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132905167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Perceptions on Primary Health Care (PHC) Nurses and Its Impact on Services Delivery at County Level, Machakos, Kenya","authors":"D. Nshimirimana, D. Kokonya, Wanja Mwaura-Tenambergen","doi":"10.11648/J.CAJPH.20190501.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CAJPH.20190501.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patient perceptions on services delivered by nurses are crucial when assessing the quality of health services. These are most attributable to their knowledge, competent skills and other personal characteristics. These can be described in how effective they handle clients when performing their nursing duties and their effectiveness including their ability to utilize a variety of communication skills and their attitudes at their regular work place. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional and qualitative study. Four public hospitals were randomly selected; Kathiani, Mwala sub-county hospital, Kangundo sub-district and Machakos county referral hospital. A systematic sampling was used for participant selection. A maximum of 12 and a minimum of 8 patients constituted a focus group for discussion (FGD) making a sample size of eighty (80) with eight (8) groups (four male and four female groups). The FGDs were conducted using standard guidelines by the researcher helped by a trained research assistant recording the proceedings with audio equipment. Participants aged 18-65 years and emancipated children were included. Data were analyzed using Atlas. ti 7 software. Results and Conclusion: (1) knowledge and competent skills of nurses, (2) personal characteristics, (3) other nurse’s behaviors are key when to effectively perform nursing duties. Participants acknowledged that nurses have the same knowledge because they can be transferred from health centers to at hospital level. Other participants added that patients need nurses who can perform their work with confidence. Personal characteristics like positive attitude, good mood, smile and willingness to provide medical information were also discussed by participants as very important when nurses have to deliver quality health care services. Lastly, other nurse behaviors like respect, honesty, confidentiality and compassion are as well other crucial characteristics on the top of knowledge which were emphasized by participants. All discussed characteristics should link together if nurses have to deliver quality health care. Nursing schools should review their curriculum to include the characteristics mentioned and introduce mentorship programs where the emphasis should be placed on the same.","PeriodicalId":339086,"journal":{"name":"Central African Journal of Public Health","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126753413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief Neurocognitive Assessment for HAND in Low Resourced Occupational Health Settings in Developing Countries","authors":"C. Wijk","doi":"10.11648/j.cajph.20190501.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190501.14","url":null,"abstract":"HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, and with the support of anti-retroviral treatment, more people are able to remain in the workplace. However, the potential for HAND to affect the individual health and safety of employees is substantial. Formal assessment of HAND is resource intensive, and often outside the capability of smaller organisations which offers occupational health support. This paper describes a protocol for a brief neurocognitive assessment for HAND in low resourced occupational health settings. The paper firstly describes the development – following seven guidelines – of a relatively inexpensive and relatively brief protocol to assess for the presence of HAND, in a South African low resourced occupational health setting. The resultant Brief Neurocognitive Assessment (BNCA) is then described in detail, as well as the larger process within which it is administered. Further, neuropsychological data from the first 60 completed assessments are presented, together with a discussion of its adherence to the guidelines set out prior to its development. A number of neuropsychological markers appeared to differentiate between the normal and mild impairment groups, suggesting that the BNCA may be useful in identifying individuals with potential problematic neurocognitive functioning. A brief assessment such as the BNCA could provide meaningful recommendations regarding both clinical management and workplace utilisation to employers. It would be important that proper processes (e.g. conditions for assessments, appropriate follow up procedures, confidentiality, and so forth) are imposed and maintained. Finally, this paper invite discussion for improved management of HAND assessment in the workplace.","PeriodicalId":339086,"journal":{"name":"Central African Journal of Public Health","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123446230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practices About Antibiotic Use Among Urban Residents: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Rufisque, Senegal","authors":"O. Bassoum, M. Leye, N. Sougou, M. Diongue, K. Niang, J. Tine, M. Mbodji, A. Faye, I. Seck, D. Fall, A. Tal-Dia","doi":"10.11648/J.CAJPH.20190501.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CAJPH.20190501.11","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics have saved millions of lives around the world. However, their effectiveness is compromised by the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. The latter is a threat to global health. Under the International Health Regulations, a national self-assessment was conducted in Senegal to assess the country's capacity to cope with this scourge. It is followed by the joint external evaluation of the World Health Organization. One of the main recommendations is raising public awareness about the rational use of antibiotics. The goal of this study was to evaluate the general public's practices regarding antibiotics and the determinants of antibiotic use without a medical prescription. The study was cross-sectional. It was conducted at the Rufisque bus station. Rufisque is a city located in the region of Dakar, capital of Senegal. We estimated the sample size using Raosoft. Participants were selected according to a convenience sampling. A questionnaire was administered in an individual interview. Logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of antibiotic use without a prescription. A total of 400 people were included. Among them, 75% (300/400) said they had taken antibiotics during the last twelve months. The sources of supply were the community pharmacy (81%), the entourage (12%), the remaining antibiotics (5%) and the illicit drugs market (2%). The use of antibiotics without a prescription was reported by 75% of participants (225/300). It was more common among the uneducated people (OR = 2.7, P =.002). In addition, 16.8% (67/400) said they had shared their antibiotic treatment with their relatives or friends. Shortening the duration and frequency of antibiotic treatment was found in 65.8% (263/400) and 29.3% (117/400) of respondents, respectively. About 7% (29/400) said they sometimes demand antibiotics to prescribers. Almost all (98.8%, 395/400) stated that they had never returned unwanted medicines to pharmacies or health facilities while 37.8% (151/400) said they had never checked the expiry dates of medicines. This study, conducted in an urban setting, showed that respondents have recourse to inadequate practices toward antibiotics. We recommend the sensitization of populations especially those who are not educated. Other studies should be conducted mainly in rural areas to identify the most commonly used antibiotics and the extent of inappropriate practices and their determinants.","PeriodicalId":339086,"journal":{"name":"Central African Journal of Public Health","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116467465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Level of Snoring and Sleepiness Among Commercial Car Drivers in Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"B. Otoghile, Joseph Iraskeb Kuni, Nasir Olakunle Ariyibi, C. C. Otoghile","doi":"10.11648/j.cajph.20190501.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190501.12","url":null,"abstract":"Snoring and sleepiness among commercial car drivers is an issue of public concern. Habitual sleepiness on the wheel is obviously associated with a high level of risk of accident and possible mortality to both drivers and passengers. Hence, this study aims to find the prevalence of snoring and level of sleepiness among commercial car drivers. This was a prospective community based study among intra-city commercial car drivers in a Southwestern part of Nigeria. The Berlin questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to evaluate all participants for snoring and sleepiness respectively. The data obtained was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Version 20.0 software and the results were presented in descriptive format. A total of 105 drivers participated in the study and they were all males. Mean age of the drivers was 44.8±12.03years. The prevalence of snoring was 49% out which 30.7% had snoring as loud as talking and 16.3% had snoring that can be heard in adjacent rooms. Abnormal level of sleepiness was found in 35.2% of the drivers and 15.2% reported they had fallen asleep while driving. Snoring and abnormal level of sleepiness has been found to be prevalent among commercial car drivers.","PeriodicalId":339086,"journal":{"name":"Central African Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115937815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure and Determinants of Mosquito’s Bite Within Health Facilities in Northern Ghana","authors":"Iddi Ziblim Yakubu, A. Yidana","doi":"10.11648/j.cajph.20220802.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20220802.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339086,"journal":{"name":"Central African Journal of Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121892770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Catastrophic Forecasts, Coming from the West, About the Behavior of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa","authors":"Helena Cosma da Graca Fonseca Veloso","doi":"10.11648/j.cajph.20210706.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20210706.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339086,"journal":{"name":"Central African Journal of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130267665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Syndrome and Oxidative Stress Among Patients of Type 2 Diabetes in an African Community","authors":"E. Agbo, V. Ogugua, I. Okagu, C. Amadi, A. Aleke","doi":"10.11648/j.cajph.20220802.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20220802.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339086,"journal":{"name":"Central African Journal of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133924321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart Disease Associated with COVID-19 in Children","authors":"Emilia Alonso Zurmendi, Federica Badía De Ferrari, Maren Karina Machado Echeverría, Mariángel Ospitaleche, María Catalina Pirez García","doi":"10.11648/j.cajph.20210705.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20210705.12","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction: Heart disease in children associated with COVID-19 is described during acute infection or in the context of the Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and in patients with and without previous heart disease. It has different manifestations: asymptomatic, with alterations in complementary tests (elevated troponins, arrhythmias, imaging changes), up to severe forms: myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, sudden death. We report a schoolgirl who had severe COVID-19, with cardiac, digestive, and respiratory manifestations. Clinical case: 10-year-old girl, carrier of disabling chronic disease. In the course of severe COVID-19, she added shock and respiratory failure, elevated inflammatory markers, increased troponins, and dilated cardiac cavities, with functional compromise of the left ventricle. She received non-invasive ventilatory assistance, antibiotics, and systemic corticosteroids. Cardiac manifestations reversed, with a decrease in inflammatory parameters. Discussion: The heart is frequently affected in COVID-19. Cardiac injury may be due to: viral replication, systemic inflammatory response, respiratory failure, or myocardial stress. The severity will depend on the extent of the damage and the inflammatory response. Cardiac involvement is more common in those who meet MIS-C criteria. Most recover cardiac function. The case report contributes to the knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the severe forms of presentation with cardiac involvement in children highlight the need to advance in primary prevention by vaccines in the pediatric population. on day 14 was negative. Hemodynamics remained stable. Electrocardiogram: sinus tachycardia. Echocardiogram: moderate cardiomegaly, LVEF 48%, mild pericardial effusion Treatment: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and low molecular weight heparin (isocoagulation). She did not receive vasoactive drugs. Troponin decreased to 206.7 ng/L on day 17.","PeriodicalId":339086,"journal":{"name":"Central African Journal of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130992373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Knowledge and Attitudes in Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Among College Students","authors":"Serri Hutahaean, Nourmayansa Vidya Anggraini","doi":"10.11648/j.cajph.20220802.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20220802.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339086,"journal":{"name":"Central African Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126154363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}