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Legal Protection of Illegal Migrant Workers in Nunukan District 努努坎地区非法移徙工人的法律保护
Mulawarman Law Review Pub Date : 2022-02-22 DOI: 10.30872/mulrev.v6i1.691
Yahya Ahmad Zein, Mahendra Putra Kurnia, Heni Sutra
{"title":"Legal Protection of Illegal Migrant Workers in Nunukan District","authors":"Yahya Ahmad Zein, Mahendra Putra Kurnia, Heni Sutra","doi":"10.30872/mulrev.v6i1.691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/mulrev.v6i1.691","url":null,"abstract":"Nunukan Regency, which borders Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia has problems regarding the repatriation of Indonesian Citizens in the capacity as Indonesian Migrant Workers who working in Malaysia. The repatriation is related to immigration violations such as not having complete documents to enter Malaysian territory as a worker, so it can be categorized as illegal Indonesian Migrant Workers. This research uses a doctrinal approach by reviewing the regulations related to migrant workers plus analysis of documents and data obtained from in-depth interviews with the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers Agency in Nunukan and Immigration in Nunukan. Legal protection for illegal Indonesian Migrant Workers through the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers Agency and Immigration in Nunukan is taken in 3 (three) ways, (1) prevention of non-procedural illegal Indonesian Migrant Workers; (2) deportation; and (3) the return of illegal Indonesian citizens/Indonesian Migrant Workers to their hometown. The efforts to protect the law are coupled with the closure of illegal cross-border routes between Indonesia and Malaysia in the Nunukan Regency area. It is hoped that all legal protection efforts will minimize the presence of illegal Indonesian Migrant Workers.","PeriodicalId":338711,"journal":{"name":"Mulawarman Law Review","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127485217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Urgensi Kriminalisasi Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Online Sebagai Upaya Penanggulangan Permasalahan Sosial di Indonesia 网络卖淫用户犯罪的当务之急是遏制印尼的社会问题
Mulawarman Law Review Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.30872/mulrev.v6i2.687
Ade Ilyas, Mariana Apriyani
{"title":"Urgensi Kriminalisasi Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Online Sebagai Upaya Penanggulangan Permasalahan Sosial di Indonesia","authors":"Ade Ilyas, Mariana Apriyani","doi":"10.30872/mulrev.v6i2.687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/mulrev.v6i2.687","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui urgensi kriminalisasi pengguna jasa prostitusi online. Metode penelitian dalam tulisan ini adalah penelitian yuridis-normatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan adanya kekosongan hukum mengenai pengaturan kriminalisasi penggua jasa dan inkonsistensi hukum dalam penegakan dan penanggulangan prostitusi online. Pengguna jasa dalam praktek prostitusi online merupakan pihak yang terpenting karena telah menjadi prinsip dasar bahwa tidak akan ada penjual jika tidak ada pembelinya. Oleh karena itu, apabila pengguna jasa prostitusi online tidak segera dikriminalisasikan, maka pengguna prostitusi online akan tetap leluasa dan merasa aman melakukan praktek pelacuran yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan meningkatnya permasalahan sosial yang berdampak dalam bidang hak asasi manusia, social, agama, dan kesehatan karena prostitusi online merupakan perbuatan yang hina, immoral, dan tidak sesuai dengan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam Pancasila. Dengan demikian diperlukan pembaharuan hukum pidana dengan mengkriminalisasikan pengguna jasa prostitusi online demi menanggulangi permasalahan sosial serta terciptanya keadilan dan kepastian hukum untuk perlindungan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.","PeriodicalId":338711,"journal":{"name":"Mulawarman Law Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122711411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pemberantasan Pencucian Uang dengan Pendekatan Follow the Money dan Follow the Suspect
Mulawarman Law Review Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.30872/mulrev.v6i2.442
Yuni Priskila Ginting
{"title":"Pemberantasan Pencucian Uang dengan Pendekatan Follow the Money dan Follow the Suspect","authors":"Yuni Priskila Ginting","doi":"10.30872/mulrev.v6i2.442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/mulrev.v6i2.442","url":null,"abstract":"Tindak pidana pencucian uang terdapat karakteristik khusus yang membedakan dengan tindak pidana. Tindak pidana pencucian uang merupakan follow up crime, sedangkan hasil kejahatan yang diproses pencucian uang disebut sebagai predicate offence. Predicate crime dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang menggunakan pendekatan follow the money dan follow the suspect berdasarkan teori hukum guna memastikan adanya tindak pidana pencucian uang. Cara efektif dalam memberantas tindak pidana pencucin uang dengan menyamakan persepsi dan kerjasama aparat penegak hukum dalam menggunakan pendekatan follow the money sebagai pelengkap pendekatan follow the suspect untuk memperoleh hasil yang maksimal dalam pemberantasan tindak pidana pencucian uang.","PeriodicalId":338711,"journal":{"name":"Mulawarman Law Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114816327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Analisis Kendala Implementasi Peraturan Menteri ATR / Kepala BPN Nomor 1 Tahun 2021 Tentang Sertipikat Elektronik 分析ATR部长2013年1号BPN首席安全官对电子安全措施的实施障碍
Mulawarman Law Review Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.30872/mulrev.v6i2.646
AA Muhammad Insany Rachman, Evi Dwi Hastri
{"title":"Analisis Kendala Implementasi Peraturan Menteri ATR / Kepala BPN Nomor 1 Tahun 2021 Tentang Sertipikat Elektronik","authors":"AA Muhammad Insany Rachman, Evi Dwi Hastri","doi":"10.30872/mulrev.v6i2.646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/mulrev.v6i2.646","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang penyebab implementasi dari peraturan sertipikat tanah elektronik yang hingga saat ini tidak dapat dilakukan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual yang memberikan sudut pandang analisa untuk penyelesaian permasalahan, kemudian penelitian difokuskan untuk mengkaji bagaimana penerapan sertipikat tanah elektronik di masyarakat. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara studi dokumen atau studi kepustakaan, penyajian secara deskriptif analitis untuk menghasilkan suatu analisis tentang permasalahan yang dimungkinkan bisa menghambat pemberlakuan dan kendala yang mungkin muncul dengan adanya sertipikat elektronik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor – faktor penghambatnya antara lain adalah tahap uji coba yang kurang terekspos, aspek keamanan yang belum terjamin, dana anggaran yang kurang, masih banyaknya masalah pertanahan yang belum tuntas, adanya kesenjangan digital di masyarakat serta masih banyaknya tanah yang tidak terdaftar secara nasional.","PeriodicalId":338711,"journal":{"name":"Mulawarman Law Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122281828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Regional Expansion as a Constitutional Notion in the Environmental Sector 区域扩张作为环境领域的宪制概念
Mulawarman Law Review Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.30872/mulrev.v6i1.677
H. Syafa’at Anugrah Pradana, R. Pikahulan
{"title":"Regional Expansion as a Constitutional Notion in the Environmental Sector","authors":"H. Syafa’at Anugrah Pradana, R. Pikahulan","doi":"10.30872/mulrev.v6i1.677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/mulrev.v6i1.677","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of a new autonomous region in its regulations does not include aspects of fulfilling the environment as a requirement for regional capacity so that it contradicts one of the environmental principles, namely the principle of sustainability. Therefore, the author wants to analyze the new concept of the environment in which this concept aims to make the environment an important part or main prerequisite in terms of regional expansion. The method used in finding the legal concept of regional expansion, especially on the fulfillment of environmental aspects, is by studying and analyzing environmental philosophy and determining its meaning so that it needs to be a consideration in order to fulfill the requirements for new autonomous regions to be expanded. Regarding the legal concept of regional expansion in the environmental field, it begins with determining the environment and nature, ways to respect the environment, clarity on the moral status of animals and plants, restoration of nature, and considering environmental sustainability for future generations. Referring to the philosophical aspect, the author includes environmental aspects as a basic requirement for regional capacity in the formation of an area, especially for the expansion of preparatory areas. Thus, the existence of the environment can still be felt along with the times.","PeriodicalId":338711,"journal":{"name":"Mulawarman Law Review","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129811618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Effect of Sea Sand Mining on Fishermen's Rights 海砂开采对渔民权益的影响
Mulawarman Law Review Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.30872/mulrev.v6i2.621
Andi Kurniawati, Rizkal Nur, Dyno Thiodores
{"title":"The Effect of Sea Sand Mining on Fishermen's Rights","authors":"Andi Kurniawati, Rizkal Nur, Dyno Thiodores","doi":"10.30872/mulrev.v6i2.621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/mulrev.v6i2.621","url":null,"abstract":"Sea sand mining has a significant impact on fishermen who have fishing areas in Spermonde Waters. The purpose of this study is to see the impact of sea sand mining on the rights of fishermen who daily catch fish around the Spermonde Waters which are the location of sand mining. This research method is a qualitative method using data collection techniques in the form of, (1) literature review, to examine related policies; (2) Interview, to get related information; and (3) observation. The result of the research is that there are changes in the marine environment ecosystem due to this mining. The dredging of sea sand causes the sea water to become cloudy, resulting in reduced fish catches in the area. The occurrence of economic degradation of the community, especially fishermen, before and after mining occurs so that it violates the rights of fishermen that have been mandated in the law.","PeriodicalId":338711,"journal":{"name":"Mulawarman Law Review","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116316924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diskresi Dari Sudut Pandang Hukum Pidana 从刑法的角度来看是混乱的
Mulawarman Law Review Pub Date : 2021-08-20 DOI: 10.30872/MULREV.V6I1.466
Fitriah Faisal, Fitriani Jamaluddin, Rahman Hasima, Ahmad Firman Tarta
{"title":"Diskresi Dari Sudut Pandang Hukum Pidana","authors":"Fitriah Faisal, Fitriani Jamaluddin, Rahman Hasima, Ahmad Firman Tarta","doi":"10.30872/MULREV.V6I1.466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/MULREV.V6I1.466","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang diskresi dari sudut pandang hukum administrasi negara dan hukum pidana serta menganalisa apa penyebab kriminalisasi kebijakan atau diskresi yang dikeluarkan oleh penyelenggara negara. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi alat utama pengumpulan data, berupa studi dokumen atau studi kepustakaan. di dalam penelitian ini pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa ada perbedaan sudut pandang antara hukum administrasi negara dan hukum pidana mengenai diskresi. Di dalam hukum administrasi negara, diskresi merupakan kebebasan bertindak atau kebebasan mengambil keputusan dari Badan atau Pejabat administrasi pemerintahan menurut pendapatnya sendiri, sedangkan dari sudut pandang hukum pidana, diskresi dianggap sebagai sebuah sudut yang menggoda atau disebut sebagai power seduction, bagi para penguasa dalam menjalankan kekuasaaannya. Kekuasaan yang dimaksud adalah kekuasaan untuk menggunakan kewenangan berdasarkan kreatifitas pejabat tersebut. Kemudian Diskresi dapat menjadi sebuah perbuatan melawan hukum dalam hukum pidana. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi Ketika diskresi tersebut mengakibatkan kerugian negara, sekalipun sebenarnya niat awal dari dilakukannya diskresi tersebut bertujuan untuk mengisi kekosongan aturan dan menyelesaikan permasalahan yang ada Ketika menjabat, bukan untuk keuntungan diri sendiri atau orang lain. Kemudian dari penelitan diketahui bahwa kriminalisasi kebijakan, atau diskresi yang gagal kemudian menjadi tindak pidana korupsi, disebabkan oleh adanya kekeliruan pemahaman dalam memaknai unsur melawan hukum sebagai genuus delict dan menyalahgunakan kewenangan sebagai species delict, Kurang cermatnya para penegak hukum dalam memahami dan membedakan antara ruang lingkup hukum administratif dan hukum pidana inilah yang menurut penulis menyebabkan hal ini terjadi.","PeriodicalId":338711,"journal":{"name":"Mulawarman Law Review","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133995320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Potensi Perampasan Wilayah Masyarakat Hukum Adat dalam Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja
Mulawarman Law Review Pub Date : 2021-06-26 DOI: 10.30872/MULREV.V6I1.506
R. Sari
{"title":"Potensi Perampasan Wilayah Masyarakat Hukum Adat dalam Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja","authors":"R. Sari","doi":"10.30872/MULREV.V6I1.506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/MULREV.V6I1.506","url":null,"abstract":"The Indonesian government seeks to boost the Indonesian economy by facilitating foreign investment in Indonesia, which is realized through the enactment of the Omnibus Law on Job Creation Number 11/2020 and the Revision of the Mineral and Coal Mining Law Number 3/2020, both of which aim to legitimate investment in Indonesia in terms of natural resource management and to improve the welfare of the Indonesian people through the creation of jobs from these investments. However, those two legislations also pose several potential threats to indigenous peoples in the form of expropriation of their customary territories. This is further worsened by the absence of a special act on the fulfillment, recognition and protection of indigenous peoples and their rights, which lead to exacerbate the structural agrarian conflicts between the government, corporations/investors and indigenous peoples that would further impose expensive conflict resolution costs and threaten the investment itself. The urgency of the enactment of the Indigenous Peoples Bill is an absolute necessity to provide legal certainty for the protection of indigenous peoples in the midst of high investment aggression, as well as to the investors themselves.","PeriodicalId":338711,"journal":{"name":"Mulawarman Law Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133613824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Reorganisasi Perusahaan Debitor Yang Terancam Pailit Sebagai Suatu Alternatif 重组濒临破产的债务人公司
Mulawarman Law Review Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.30872/MULREV.V5I2.341
Asril
{"title":"Reorganisasi Perusahaan Debitor Yang Terancam Pailit Sebagai Suatu Alternatif","authors":"Asril","doi":"10.30872/MULREV.V5I2.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/MULREV.V5I2.341","url":null,"abstract":"Law No.37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations Article 2 paragraph (1) has determined that a debtor who has two or more Creditors and does not pay in full at least one debt that has matured and is collectible, is declared bankrupt by verdict Court, either at the request of one or more creditors. With this provision, it can be understood that bankruptcy is a reasonable choice. However, several opinions of bankruptcy law have not provided sufficient protection to debtors with good intentions. This article intends to find out more about the implementation of the reorganization of debtor companies whether it can be used as an alternative so that the debtor company does not go bankrupt. The method used is normative legal research. Data sources consist of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the regulations regarding company reorganization have not been clearly and firmly regulated in Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations, Reorganization is part of the restructuring, bankruptcy can be avoided through a business reorganization in the form of mergers, consolidations. , business acquisitions, and other forms. This bankruptcy law also does not provide sufficient protection to debtors with good intentions, because there has been a tendency to interpret bankruptcy as liquidation. However, it must be understood that bankruptcy should also be a means of reorganizing the company. The legal consequence of company reorganization on the settlement of the company's debt and accounts receivable is that there is an opportunity for creditors and debtors to settle their debts without going through a bankruptcy process which can result in the debtor being declared bankrupt.","PeriodicalId":338711,"journal":{"name":"Mulawarman Law Review","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117195676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
COVID-19 as Force Majeure in Insurance Agreement COVID-19在保险协议中作为不可抗力
Mulawarman Law Review Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.30872/MULREV.V5I2.329
Aditya Padmo, I. E. Joesoef
{"title":"COVID-19 as Force Majeure in Insurance Agreement","authors":"Aditya Padmo, I. E. Joesoef","doi":"10.30872/MULREV.V5I2.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/MULREV.V5I2.329","url":null,"abstract":"Force majeure is an unexpected or unknown event which occur out of control that obstructs a party to fullfill the obligations in the agreement. This clause exempts the parties from the obligation to compensate either overall or partially for conducting default on contract. This research is normative legal research conducted by examining secondary, primary, and tertiary legal materials. As for research, conducted using conceptual approach and statute approach. The results show that COVID-19 is a relative force majeure. This condition affects the debtor’s economic ability to pay premiums to insurance companies every month. But according to article 1244 ICC the debtor must prove that the condition cannot be blamed on them. After it is proven article 1245 ICC can be applied which exempts the debtor from the obligation of compensation. In the face of COVID-19 as a force majeure insurance companies can implement an agreement restructuring policy in accordance with Financial Services Authority Regulations Number 14 of 2020. By implementing this policy insurance company can avoid the cancellation of the agreement due to force majeure.","PeriodicalId":338711,"journal":{"name":"Mulawarman Law Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130093355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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