{"title":"The Effects of Increased Shuttle-Train Movements of Grain and Oilseeds","authors":"M. Prater, A. Sparger, D. O'Neil","doi":"10.9752/ts088.08-2013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9752/ts088.08-2013","url":null,"abstract":"Shuttle-train movements of grain and oilseeds increased substantially between 1994 and 2011. During this period, smaller movements decreased, with movements of 6 to 49 cars in particular decreasing significantly. Shuttle-train movements increase railroad efficiencies, leading to lower transportation costs for shippers located near shuttle-train loading facilities. However, many local grain elevators that are unable to accommodate shuttle-train shipments have gone out of business, leading to an increased demand for truck transport, which has increased road wear and upkeep costs. Some transportation researchers have argued that public subsidizations of rail branch lines may be justified to reduce the road upkeep costs caused by increased truck transport. Another option is to use State or Federal funds to improve the roads, lessening the financial impact on local jurisdictions.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127121341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Shift to Larger Railcars for the Shipment of Grain","authors":"M. Prater, D. O'Neil","doi":"10.9752/ts087.08-2013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9752/ts087.08-2013","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1994, the lower operating costs of larger railcars (C-114 covered hopper cars) for the shipment of grain have encouraged their increased use. Most of these cost savings have accrued to the major railroads, but some of the savings have been passed on to shippers. As their use has increased, the amount of grain shipped by smaller railcars (C-113 covered hopper cars) has decreased. This shift has prompted changes in the dynamics of railroad economics, including the need for track and bridge upgrades in order to handle the heavier cars and the costs associated with those upgrades. Short-line and regional railroads are at a disadvantage compared to major railroads because they have fewer financial resources available for rail line upgrading. Nevertheless, they have been systematically upgrading their track for the movement of C-114 hopper cars. Some researchers have indicated that State subsidies to assist in upgrading rail branch lines could be used to bring more of the savings from larger cars to more farmers and to reduce maintenance costs on rural roads caused by farmers trucking grain to main-line elevators.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127540143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"State Grain Rail Statistical Summary","authors":"M. Prater, D. O'Neil, A. Sparger","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.151393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.151393","url":null,"abstract":"The rail industry is an integral part of the agricultural transportation system of the United States. For producers and shippers of bulk commodities, railroads are particularly important for the movement to end users, many of whom are located long distances from the farms. Information on rail shipments from States to regions across the nation, defined as Business Economic Areas, has been aggregated in this report. State rail receipts by origin State, or where shipments originated, has also been collected. Each State that received or shipped a substantial amount of at least one of three major crops (corn, soybeans, and wheat) by rail has been described in this report by its characteristics. A State level breakdown of rail shipments, rail receipts, grain and oilseed production, animal and poultry production, grain and oilseed exports, and grain and oilseed rail rates per ton-mile have been included. This information can help to explain the variations in shipments and shipment size of these commodities. A summary of grain movement in the United States is included, as are descriptions of grain movements in the 30 States that ship substantial amounts of grain.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124191504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Znaczenie wybranych modeli w budowie organizacji ucz¹cych siê","authors":"Adrianna Jednoralska","doi":"10.7172/1733-9758.2012.14-15.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7172/1733-9758.2012.14-15.6","url":null,"abstract":"Artyku³ ma charakter przegl¹du literatury, w zwi¹zku z czym autorka przedstawia i szeroko omawia wybrane modele i odpowiadaj¹ce im narzedzia diagnostyczne organizacji ucz¹cych sie. Zaprezentowane zosta³y szczego³owo trzy modele organizacji ucz¹cych sie, autorstwa Marsick i Watkins; Pedlera Burgogne?’a i Boydella oraz Garvina, Gino i Edmondson oraz omowione zosta³y odpowiadaj¹ce im narzedzia diagnostyczne. W wyniku dokonanego przegl¹du modeli i narzedzi diagnostycznych porownano je oraz oceniono. Dodatkowo, okreœlono ich podobienstwa i ro?nice oraz mo?liwoœci i ograniczenia ich wykorzystania w badaniu organizacji ucz¹cych sie. Okreœlono tym samym zalety i wady prezentowanych modeli i narzedzi oraz oszacowano ich znaczenie w budowie organizacji ucz¹cej sie.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128837275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Motywacja jako determinant rozpoczęcia kariery zawodowej i powodzenia na rynku pracy","authors":"Monika Jadacka, T. Zalega","doi":"10.7172/1733-9758.2012.14-15.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7172/1733-9758.2012.14-15.8","url":null,"abstract":"Celem artyku³u jest wykazanie, na podstawie materia³u faktograficznego, ?e motywacja jest postrzegana przez studentow jako determinant u³atwiaj¹cy rozpoczecie kariery zawodowej i dalsze powodzenie na rynku pracy. Struktura artyku³u jest nastepuj¹ca: po omowieniu metodologii i za³o?en badania skoncentrowano sie na aspekcie teoretycznym istoty motywacji i motywowania. W dalszej czeœci artyku³u, na podstawie materia³u faktograficznego, przeanalizowano kluczowe determinanty wp³ywaj¹ce na rozpoczecie kariery zawodowej przez m³odych ludzi i ich dalsze powodzenie na rynku pracy. Podsumowanie rozwa?an i wa?niejsze wnioski koncz¹ niniejszy artyku³.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128481359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time-lag and Business. On Non-Economic Determinants of Economic Parameters (Time-lag i biznes. O pozaekonomicznych wyznacznikach parametrów ekonomicznych)","authors":"Marek Goliszewski","doi":"10.7172/1733-9758.2012.14-15.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7172/1733-9758.2012.14-15.1","url":null,"abstract":"The system of law enactment in Poland is flawed. It should be based on consultations between the government and non-governmental communities and institutions. One of the tools of such consultations, i.e. social dialogue, is the Tri-partite Commission for Socio-Economic Issues. It was supposed to constitute a plane for communication between the government, trade unions and employers. Its existence at the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy proved to be ineffective. Also lack of ability to conduct conversations and negotiations, which would serve to develop arrangements — agreements which, in turn, would become the basis for formulating statutes — does not contribute to successful transfer of information between the three parties. As a result, the law which should anticipate the existing economic phenomena (positive and negative) is created by a legislator with a time-lag. This situation entails negative consequences for companies and the entire economy as well as causes crisis social phenomena, e.g. unemployment increase.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126274142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trendy w konsumpcji na rynku książki elektronicznej","authors":"Michał Latusek, T. Zalega","doi":"10.7172/1733-9758.2012.14-15.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7172/1733-9758.2012.14-15.11","url":null,"abstract":"Autorzy poruszaj¹ problem trendow w konsumpcji na rynku ksi¹?ek elektronicznych. Kluczowym ich celem jest poznanie polskiego rynku e-bookow. Nale?y w tym miejscu wspomnieae, ?e jest to rynek dopiero rozwijaj¹cy sie w naszym kraju, dlatego te? niezwykle istotne jest przeanalizowanie trendow w tym zakresie ?zarowno od strony producentow, poœrednikow, jak i konsumentow. Analiza trendow konsumpcyjnych pozwoli rownie? na stworzenie pewnych prognoz rozwoju tego rynku w Polsce.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124208615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinanty struktury kapitałowej w teoriach substytucji","authors":"M. Barowicz","doi":"10.7172/1733-9758.2012.14-15.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7172/1733-9758.2012.14-15.3","url":null,"abstract":"Celem artyku³u jest identyfikacja oraz ocena si³y i kierunku wp³ywu wybranych determinant na strukture kapita³ow¹ przedsiebiorstw notowanych na Gie³dzie Papierow Wartoœciowych w Warszawie w ramach teorii substytucji. Artyku³ ma charakter teoretyczno-empiryczny. Czeœae teoretyczna obejmuje charakterystyk¹ determinant struktury kapita³owej wystepuj¹cych w teoriach substytucji. Czeœae empiryczna dotyczy weryfikacji hipotez w zakresie wp³ywu ro?nych czynnikow na strukture kapita³ow¹ przedsiebiorstwa w ramach teorii substytucji (tj. teorii uwzgledniaj¹cej koszty bankructwa oraz teorii uwzgledniaj¹cej koszty agencji).","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"195 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120975839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Terms of trade i wzrost gospodarczy w Polsce w okresie 1980?–2009","authors":"Piotr Misztal","doi":"10.7172/1733-9758.2012.14-15.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7172/1733-9758.2012.14-15.2","url":null,"abstract":"Celem artyku³u jest analiza oddzia³ywania zmian cenowych terms of trade i zmiennoœci terms of trade na wzrost gospodarczy w Polsce w okresie 1980?2009. Wyniki badan przeprowadzonych za pomoc¹ modelu wektorowej autoregresji (VAR) ujawni³y, ?e poprawa cenowych terms of trade w Polsce prowadzi³ do wzrostu dynamiki PKB per capita, zaœ wzrost zmiennoœci cenowych terms of trade przyczyniaae sie do zmniejszenia tempa wzrostu PKB na mieszkaj¹ca w Polsce. Ponadto potwierdzono stosunkowo wieksze oddzia³ywanie zmian cenowych terms of trade ni? zmiennoœci terms of trade na dynamike wzrostu gospodarczego w Polsce. Wykazano rownie?, ?e zmiana cenowych terms of trade i zmiennoœae terms of trade wyjaœnia³y w zbli?onym stopniu zmiennoœae PKB per capita w Polsce w okresie 1980?2009.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131113526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Komunikacja marketingowa detalicznych przedsiębiorstw handlowych w Polsce. Wyniki badań prowadzonych metodą ocen ekspertów","authors":"M. Drzazga","doi":"10.7172/1733-9758.2012.14-15.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7172/1733-9758.2012.14-15.9","url":null,"abstract":"Na prze³omie XX i XXI wieku wzros³o znaczenie komunikacji marketingowej w dzia³aniach marketingowych przedsiebiorstw. Celem prowadzonych badan by³o okreœlenie znaczenia komunikacji marketingowej w marketingu detalicznych przedsiebiorstw handlowych dzia³aj¹cych na terenie Polski. W szczegolnoœci starano sie: okreœliae znaczenie komunikacji marketingowej w dzia³alnoœci detalicznych przedsiebiorstw handlowych w Polsce, dokona identyfikacji kluczowych czynnikow otoczenia przedsiebiorstw handlowych determinuj¹cych ich proces komunikacji marketingowej, zidentyfikowaae i okreœliae znaczenie instrumentow komunikacji marketingowej przedsiebiorstw handlowych oraz okreœliae role komunikacji marketingowej w procesach marketingowych przedsiebiorstw handlowych. Badania komunikacji marketingowej prowadzone by³y metod¹ ocen ekspertow od po³owy wrzeœnia do konca listopada 2010 roku na terenie Polski. W prowadzonych badaniach wzie³o udzia³ 46 ekspertow (zarowno teoretykow, jak i praktykow) zajmuj¹cych sie problematyke marketingu, handlu i komunikacji marketingowej.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133843048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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