The research reports最新文献

{"title":"Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students (Based on the Example of a Chosen University) (Intencje przedsiebiorcze mlodziezy akademickiej (na przykladzie wybranej uczelni))","authors":"J. Gajda","doi":"10.7172/1733-9758.2016.21.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7172/1733-9758.2016.21.9","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s knowledge-based economy, it is particularly important to take measures to increase innovation and entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial society becomes the foundation for building the competitiveness of the Polish economy. In this context, it is important to shape an entrepreneurial society that is characterized by active participation in the development of entrepreneurial initiatives. Being entrepreneurial means willingness to adopt the attitude expressed through a creative approach to economic reality. In the process of preparation of human resources for entrepreneurial activity, the key role is attributed to education, which boils down to raising the awareness that starting and running a business is a path of career development. The article is divided into two parts. The first, theoretical, part contains reflections on selected factors affecting the development of entrepreneurial intention, which is the beginning of the process of individual entrepreneurship. In the second part, the author briefly presents the results of pilot studies carried out to analyze the intentions of enterprising students of the Technical University of Czestochowa, in relation to issues such as: the perception of entrepreneurship and conditions for the initiation and conduct of business, and assessment of entrepreneurial potential.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127058418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the rice value chain in Uganda - opportunities and challenges to increased production","authors":"M. Barungi, M. Guloba, Annet Adong","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.253558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.253558","url":null,"abstract":"Government of Uganda considers rice as one of the strategic agricultural enterprises with the potential to remarkably contribute to increasing rural incomes and livelihoods, and improving food and nutrition security. However, current rice yields are remarkably low, a situation partly attributed to the fact that farmers hardly use agro-inputs such as improved seed, fertilisers and herbicides, which would otherwise boost yields. Low rice yields lower farm incomes from rice production, which partly contribute to the poor and declining performance of the agriculture sector. It is reported in the 2010/11- 2014/15 National Development Plan that one of the major constraints to the performance of the agriculture sector is weak value chain linkages from production, processing and marketing; and limited extension support. The current study focuses on rice and assesses the constraints and opportunities for intensification along the value chain, as one of the strategies to accelerate growth of the agriculture sector...","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123218572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investment opportunities and challenges in the potato value chain in Uganda","authors":"S. Mbowa, F. Mwesigye","doi":"10.22004/ag.econ.253560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.253560","url":null,"abstract":"Irish Potato is an important crop for food and income generation in Uganda. Indeed, the potato is recognized in the 2010/11- 2014/15 Development Strategy and Investment Plan (DSIP) as a strategic commodity with the potential to make a remarkable contribution both to increasing rural incomes and livelihoods and to improving food and nutrition security. Despite its potential, intensification levels remain very low in the potato sub-sector, translating into a very low yield. Farmers increase production by expanding the land used to grow potatoes, not by intensifying their activity. This study identified challenges and investment opportunities at various points along the potato value chain in Western Uganda (where more than 80% of the country’s potatoes are produced). The study adopted a value chain/multi-stage sampling method involving farmer groups, traders, processors, agro-input dealers, and seed potato multipliers. The value chain survey covered 51 farmer groups randomly selected from the sub-counties in which the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) has conducted a socio-economic survey. During the survey, 30 traders and 30 processors (identified by farmers as key potato buyers in the community) were randomly selected. To examine access to inputs, a sample of 30 agro-input dealers and 30 seed multipliers (also identified by farmers as suppliers of inputs) were randomly selected. Overall, 120 key informant interviews and 51 focus group discussions were conducted. The study thus characterizes the main players in the potato value chain in Western Uganda.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124269445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economic Impact of the Irish Bio-Economy: Development and Uses","authors":"Eoin Grealis, C. O’Donoghue","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.210704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.210704","url":null,"abstract":"Given Ireland’s bio-economy based natural resource strengths, in terms of its soils and oceans in particular, a number of economic strategies have been developed to maximise the contribution of Agricultural and Marine sectors to the economy. Consequently, it is desirable to understand the interactions between these sectors and the wider economy and to assess the potential impact of the outcomes of expansion strategies. This report describes the development of the Bio-Economy Input Output model (BIO) which can be used to analyse these linkages between the bio-economy sectors and the wider economy. This work represents the first attempt to model the Bio Economy as a whole, incorporating economic activity originating from both agricultural and marine resources.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127833889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area: A Field Survey of Green Peafowl (Pavo Muticus)","authors":"Chanthavy Vongkhamheng","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.244015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.244015","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents results of a survey of the endangered Green Peafowl (Pavo Muticus) in Phou Khao Khouay (PKK) National Protected Area (NPA), conducted between 28th March to 3rd April, 2015 by participatory teams made of villagers from nearby villages and soldiers from PKK-NPA Management Unit. A three-day training workshop was first provided to the 12 participants, by experienced conservation biologists from the Lao Wildlife Conservation Association (Lao WCA), on basic techniques of Green Peafowl survey and conservation, including the use of navigation tools (compass, GPS, maps) and field data recording. Participants were then divided into six teams of two people to conduct the ground field survey. The target area was divided into 2x2 km-grid cells, and a central point was placed in each to provide a reference for the teams to use as listening posts that were spaced two kilometer apart. Given the current knowledge of presence and distribution of Green Peafowls provided by local villagers and NPA staff, we only focused our field survey on six grid cells (approximate 24 km2 or 240 hectares in area). Listening for bird calls was conducted in the morning between 6:00am to 8:00 am, and the evening between 5:00pm to 6:00pm (peak calls of birds). Teams also walked to search for Green Peafowl signs (feathers, footprint, droppings), mainly nearby the waterholes along streams, in the day time after the completion of listening to bird calls. Listening at each point was made by a team for two consecutive days. This resulted in two mornings’ and two evenings’ observations at each point. Calls were recorded on data forms giving the detailed compass bearings, type of calls (males or females), times and the numbers of calls. Signs of birds were also recorded giving detailed information on GPS coordinates and other related information. Our findings provide clear evidence that the Green Peafowl remains in existence in the PKK-NPA. Of the six listening posts, four recorded Green Peafowl calls, which accounted for a minimum estimate of approximately 8 individuals (or clusters). Other signs of Green Peafowls, e.g., features and footprints, were also recorded by survey teams in two other surveyed grid cells where Green Peafowl calls had not been heard. Given the above findings it is suggested that immediate conservation actions are required to secure a viable population of this last remaining population of Green Peafowl in the Lao PDR. The major threats to the Green Peafowl, e.g., direct hunting, and collecting of its eggs, need to be removed. Participatory anti-poaching teams, made up of villagers and staff from the military’s PKK-NPA conservation unit, should be established and supported to conduct continuous forest patrols, and a public awareness campaign in the target villages are a high priority. It is suggested that a specific regulation for species conservation needs to be developed, and effectively enforced through a participatory approach.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131984437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Legal Foundations of Payments for Environmental Services in Lao PDR","authors":"G. Scheufele, H. Smith, Xiong Tsechalicha","doi":"10.22004/ag.econ.244014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.244014","url":null,"abstract":"This report analyses the legal foundations for the design and implementation of PES schemes in the Lao PDR and provides recommendations to address potential legal barriers. Key challenges that may limit the supply effectiveness and efficiency of PES schemes in the Lao context include investment risks to buyers and sellers; liability risks to agents; potentially high transaction costs due to administrative requirements; and restrictions in the range of legally eligible ES supply actions. Drivers of these challenges include aspects of the land tenure system; land use restrictions (including access) that may limit the range of eligible supply actions; approval and registration requirements that may apply to some supply actions; requirements of business registration and the payment of taxes that may apply to ES sellers; feasibility of PES contracting and enforcement; and potential challenges in establishing an impartial, accessible and fair mechanism for grievance, conflict resolution and redress.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116959144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat Transportation Profile","authors":"Marina R. Denicoff, M. Prater, Pierre Bahizi","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.189787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.189787","url":null,"abstract":"America’s farmers depend on transportation as the critical link between the fields of growers and the tables of consumers, both here and abroad. Transportation demand is a derived demand because the production and consumption of an agricultural commodity create the demand for transportation services. As such, it is an essential part of marketing; any change in supply or demand of the underlying commodity or commodities that compete for transportation services can affect the transport system’s efficiency by bringing about either shortages or surpluses in transportation capacity. Freight transportation is a critical element of U.S. agricultural competitiveness in the world grain markets. This report examines transportation implications of the recent trends and outlook for U.S. wheat. •Since the mid-1990’s, U.S. wheat production has remained almost unchanged. The number of acres planted with wheat, however, decreased by almost 20 percent. An increase of over 20 percent in yield has offset the drop in acreage. •Despite unchanged production levels, the United States continues to be a major wheat exporter. Between 2009and 2013, the United States claimed an average 20 percent annually of the world wheat trade. •All three major port regions (the Pacific Northwest (PNW), the Mississippi Gulf, and the Texas Gulf) are used to export wheat. In 2013, 36 percent of wheat was exported through the PNW, 27 percent through the Texas Gulf, and 29 percent through the Mississippi Gulf. •The domestic wheat market is not as dynamic as the export market. Unexpected changes in export demand due to changes in world prices and global annual production levels can pose logistical challenges for U.S. grain shippers and carriers. •According to the February 2014 USDA long-term projections that assume normal growing conditions, U.S. wheat exports are projected to increase slightly, by 1 percent over 10 years, and remain above 1 billion bushels per year. Domestic demand, however, is projected to decrease by 3.5 percent over the next 10 years. •Based on these long-term projections, U.S. wheat exporters will continue to rely on rail service to ship the U.S. wheat to the ports for export, according to the USDA modal share analysis. Domestic demand by the livestock and poultry sectors is serviced by truck and rail.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130613375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soybean Transportation Profile","authors":"Marina R. Denicoff, M. Prater, Pierre Bahizi","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.187160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.187160","url":null,"abstract":"U.S. soybean farmers depend on transportation as the critical link between their fields and markets here and abroad. Since the early 1990s, U.S. soybean farmers have been responding to world demand for more protein feed for the growing meat and poultry sectors in developing economies, especially China. This report examines transportation implications of the recent trends and outlook for U.S. soybeans. Most U.S. soybeans are grown in the Upper Midwest and the Corn Belt. During the last 10 years, over 40 percent of production was exported on average each year, relying on barge and rail transportation to be shipped to port. Domestic demand by the livestock and poultry sectors is serviced by truck and rail. The United States is losing its world market share to South America which has lower cost of production, increasing the importance of U.S. transportation efficiency to competitiveness. The majority of soybean exports are shipped through the Mississippi Gulf Coast (60 percent of 2013 soybean exports), but when the spread of ocean shipping cost between the Mississippi Gulf Coast and the Pacific Northwest (PNW) exceeds $30, it generally leads to a greater proportion of Asia-bound soybeans being shipped by rail to ports in the PNW. The ocean rate is the main driver for the choice of port for export, because inland barge transportation to the Mississippi Gulf is usually more efficient and less expensive than rail.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134272830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corn Transportation Profile","authors":"Marina R. Denicoff, M. Prater, Pierre Bahizi","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.183141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.183141","url":null,"abstract":"America’s farmers depend on transportation as the critical link between the fields of growers and the tables of consumers,both here and abroad. Transportation is a derived demand because the production and consumption of an agricultural commodity create the demand for transportation services. As such,it is an essential part of marketing,any change in supply or demand of the underlying commodity or commodities that compete for transportation services can affect the transport system’s efficiency by bringing about either shortages or surpluses in transportation capacity. This report examines transportation implications of the recent trends and outlook for U.S. corn.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133158525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eroding U.S. Soybean Competitiveness and Market Shares: What Is the Road Ahead?","authors":"Delmy L. Salin, Somwaru Agapi","doi":"10.9752/147.08-2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9752/147.08-2014","url":null,"abstract":"Although the United States is still the dominant country in the world soybean market, the U.S. market share of soybean world trade is declining. This study quantifies the decline that result from changes in ocean freight rates and Brazil’s infrastructure development. The results suggest that the U.S. world market share could further decline by 20 percentage points without improvements in the U.S. infrastructure from the farm to the port. A decline of 1 percent in the U.S. soybean market share is equivalent to $500 million lost in export sales, based on a world soybean trade volume of 100 million metric tons and today’s price of soybeans. Market shares for the United States, Argentina, and Brazil converge and reach equilibrium over the study period, despite the variability of the ocean freight rates.","PeriodicalId":338433,"journal":{"name":"The research reports","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125068366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}