IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology最新文献

{"title":"Neuromodulation Improves Stress Urinary Incontinence-Like Deficits in Female Rabbits","authors":"F. S. Rahman;Z. Yousuf;F. Castelán;M. Martínez-Gómez;Y. M. Akay;P. Zimmern;M. Akay;M. I. Romero-Ortega","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3408454","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3408454","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Objective:</i>\u0000 Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) affects a third of the female population and is characterized by involuntary urine leakage during abdominal efforts such as sneezing, laughing, or coughing. Acute neuromodulation of the bulbospongiosus nerve (BsN) was shown to increase bladder efficiency in aged and multiparous rabbits. This study investigates the efficacy of sub-chronic BsN neuromodulation in alleviating SUI-like deficits in mature multiparous rabbits, characterized by increased urine leakage and reduced leak point pressure\u0000<italic>. Results:</i>\u0000 Using the voiding spot assay, we observed a 40% reduction in urine leakage events after 30 days of BsN stimulation, which correlated with a 60% increase in daily micturition volume, a 10-fold increase in voided volume, and improvements in voiding efficiency and leak point pressure compared to negative control animals. \u0000<italic>Conclusion:</i>\u0000 In multiparous rabbits, BsN neuromodulation improves important SUI-like metrics including bladder capacity and urethral closure, supporting the use of this bioelectronic modality as treatment for SUI.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"6 ","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10545601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of Radar-Based Gait Parameter Estimation Techniques for Fall Risk Assessment","authors":"Sevgi Z. Gurbuz;Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman;Zahra Bassiri;Dario Martelli","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3408078","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3408078","url":null,"abstract":"Current methods for fall risk assessment rely on Quantitative Gait Analysis (QGA) using costly optical tracking systems, which are often only available at specialized laboratories that may not be easily accessible to rural communities. Radar placed in a home or assisted living facility can acquire continuous ambulatory recordings over extended durations of a subject's natural gait and activity. Thus, radar-based QGA has the potential to capture day-to-day variations in gait, is time efficient and removes the burden for the subject to come to a clinic, providing a more realistic picture of older adults’ mobility. Although there has been research on gait-related health monitoring, most of this work focuses on classification-based methods, while only a few consider gait parameter estimation. On the one hand, metrics that are accurately and easily computable from radar data have not been demonstrated to have an established correlation with fall risk or other medical conditions; on the other hand, the accuracy of radar-based estimates of gait parameters that are well-accepted by the medical community as indicators of fall risk have not been adequately validated. This paper provides an overview of emerging radar-based techniques for gait parameter estimation, especially with emphasis on those relevant to fall risk. A pilot study that compares the accuracy of estimating gait parameters from different radar data representations – in particular, the micro-Doppler signature and skeletal point estimates – is conducted based on validation against an 8-camera, marker-based optical tracking system. The results of pilot study are discussed to assess the current state-of-the-art in radar-based QGA and potential directions for future research that can improve radar-based gait parameter estimation accuracy.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"735-749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10546280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (LIFU) Activation of Ovarian Follicles","authors":"Yan Xiao;Lixia Yang;Yicong Wang;Yu Wang;Yuning Chen;Wenhan Lu;Zhenle Pei;Ruonan Zhang;Yao Ye;Xiaowei Ji;Suying Liu;Xi Dong;Yonghua Xu;Yi Feng","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3391939","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3391939","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Objective:</i>\u0000 A biological system's internal morphological structure or function can be changed as a result of the mechanical effect of focused ultrasound. Pulsed low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) has mechanical effects that might induce follicle development with less damage to ovarian tissue. The potential development of LIFU as a non-invasive method for the treatment of female infertility is being considered, and this study sought to explore and confirm that LIFU can activate ovarian follicles. \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 We found a 50% increase in ovarian weight and in the number of mature follicles on the ultrasound-stimulated side with pulsed LIFU and intraperitoneal injection of 10 IU PMSG in 10-day-old rats. After ultrasound stimulation, the PCOS-like rats had a decrease in androgen levels, restoration of regular estrous cycle and increase in the number of mature follicles and corpora lutea, and the ratio of M1 and M2 type macrophages was altered in antral follicles of PCOS-like rats, consequently promoting further development and maturation of antral follicles. \u0000<italic>Conclusion:</i>\u0000 LIFU treatment could trigger actin changes in ovarian cells, which might disrupt the Hippo signal pathway to promote follicle formation, and the mechanical impact on the ovaries of PCOS-like rats improved antral follicle development.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"316-329"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10508955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-Demand Gait-Synchronous Electrical Cueing in Parkinson's Disease Using Machine Learning and Edge Computing: A Pilot Study","authors":"Ardit Dvorani;Constantin Wiesener;Christina Salchow-Hömmen;Magdalena Jochner;Lotta Spieker;Matej Skrobot;Hanno Voigt;Andrea Kühn;Nikolaus Wenger;Thomas Schauer","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3390562","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3390562","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Goal:</i>\u0000 Parkinson's disease (PD) can lead to gait impairment and Freezing of Gait (FoG). Recent advances in cueing technologies have enhanced mobility in PD patients. While sensor technology and machine learning offer real-time detection for on-demand cueing, existing systems are limited by the usage of smartphones between the sensor(s) and cueing device(s) for data processing. By avoiding this we aim at improving usability, robustness, and detection delay. \u0000<italic>Methods:</i>\u0000 We present a new technical solution, that runs detection and cueing algorithms directly on the sensing and cueing devices, bypassing the smartphone. This solution relies on edge computing on the devices' hardware. The wearable system consists of a single inertial sensor to control a stimulator and enables machine-learning-based FoG detection by classifying foot motion phases as either normal or FoG-affected. We demonstrate the system's functionality and safety during on-demand gait-synchronous electrical cueing in two patients, performing freezing of gait assessments. As references, motion phases and FoG episodes have been video-annotated. \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 The analysis confirms adequate gait phase and FoG detection performance. The mobility assistant detected foot motions with a rate above 94 % and classified them with an accuracy of 84 % into normal or FoG-affected. The FoG detection delay is mainly defined by the foot-motion duration, which is below the delay in existing sliding-window approaches. \u0000<italic>Conclusions:</i>\u0000 Direct computing on the sensor and cueing devices ensures robust detection of FoG-affected motions for on demand cueing synchronized with the gait. The proposed solution can be easily adopted to other sensor and cueing modalities.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"306-315"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10504963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140625436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BeatProfiler: Multimodal In Vitro Analysis of Cardiac Function Enables Machine Learning Classification of Diseases and Drugs","authors":"Youngbin Kim;Kunlun Wang;Roberta I. Lock;Trevor R. Nash;Sharon Fleischer;Bryan Z. Wang;Barry M. Fine;Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3377461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3377461","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Goal:</i>\u0000 Contractile response and calcium handling are central to understanding cardiac function and physiology, yet existing methods of analysis to quantify these metrics are often time-consuming, prone to mistakes, or require specialized equipment/license. We developed BeatProfiler, a suite of cardiac analysis tools designed to quantify contractile function, calcium handling, and force generation for multiple in vitro cardiac models and apply downstream machine learning methods for deep phenotyping and classification. \u0000<italic>Methods:</i>\u0000 We first validate BeatProfiler's accuracy, robustness, and speed by benchmarking against existing tools with a fixed dataset. We further confirm its ability to robustly characterize disease and dose-dependent drug response. We then demonstrate that the data acquired by our automatic acquisition pipeline can be further harnessed for machine learning (ML) analysis to phenotype a disease model of restrictive cardiomyopathy and profile cardioactive drug functional response. To accurately classify between these biological signals, we apply feature-based ML and deep learning models (temporal convolutional-bidirectional long short-term memory model or TCN-BiLSTM). \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 Benchmarking against existing tools revealed that BeatProfiler detected and analyzed contraction and calcium signals better than existing tools through improved sensitivity in low signal data, reduction in false positives, and analysis speed increase by 7 to 50-fold. Of signals accurately detected by published methods (PMs), BeatProfiler's extracted features showed high correlations to PMs, confirming that it is reliable and consistent with PMs. The features extracted by BeatProfiler classified restrictive cardiomyopathy cardiomyocytes from isogenic healthy controls with 98% accuracy and identified relax90 as a top distinguishing feature in congruence with previous findings. We also show that our TCN-BiLSTM model was able to classify drug-free control and 4 cardiac drugs with different mechanisms of action at 96% accuracy. We further apply Grad-CAM on our convolution-based models to identify signature regions of perturbations by these drugs in calcium signals. \u0000<italic>Conclusions:</i>\u0000 We anticipate that the capabilities of BeatProfiler will help advance in vitro studies in cardiac biology through rapid phenotyping, revealing mechanisms underlying cardiac health and disease, and enabling objective classification of cardiac disease and responses to drugs.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"238-249"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10490213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of Watch-Based Blood Pressure Measurements Analyzed by Pre-Post Calibration Differences","authors":"Youngro Lee;Jongae Park;Sungjoon Park;Jongmo Seo;Hae-Young Lee","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3384488","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3384488","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in smartwatch technology have introduced photoplethysmography (PPG)-based blood pressure (BP) estimation, enabling convenient and continuous monitoring of BP. However, concerns about accuracy and validation for clinical use persist. This study uses real-world data from a Samsung Galaxy Watch campaign to assess smartwatch-based BP measurements. The approach examines calibration stability by comparing average systolic BP (SBP) before and after calibration, identifying factors affecting stability through regression analysis. User-level strategies are suggested to mitigate calibration instability and emphasize guideline adherence. Notably, calibration instability is found to decrease during night-time measurements and when averaging multiple readings in the same time frame. Guideline adherence is vital, particularly for the elderly, females, and individuals with hypertension. The research enhances measurement reliability through extensive datasets, shedding light on calibration stability.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"828-836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10490153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usability Assessment of Technologies for Remote Monitoring of Knee Osteoarthritis","authors":"Andrea Cafarelli;Angela Sorriento;Giorgia Marola;Denise Amram;Fabien Rabusseau;Hervé Locteau;Paolo Cabras;Erik Dumont;Sam Nakhaei;Ake Jernberger;Pär Bergsten;Paolo Spinnato;Alessandro Russo;Leonardo Ricotti","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3407961","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3407961","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Goal</i>\u0000: To evaluate the usability of different technologies designed for a remote assessment of knee osteoarthritis. \u0000<italic>Methods:</i>\u0000 We recruited eleven patients affected by mild or moderate knee osteoarthritis, eleven caregivers, and eleven clinicians to assess the following technologies: a wristband for monitoring physical activity, an examination chair for measuring leg extension, a thermal camera for acquiring skin thermographic data, a force balance for measuring center of pressure, an ultrasound imaging system for remote echographic acquisition, a mobile app, and a clinical portal software. Specific questionnaires scoring usability were filled out by patients, caregivers and clinicians. \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 The questionnaires highlighted a good level of usability and user-friendliness for all the technologies, obtaining an average score of 8.7 provided by the patients, 8.8 by the caregivers, and 8.5 by the clinicians, on a scale ranging from 0 to 10. Such average scores were calculated by putting together the scores obtained for the single technologies under evaluation and averaging them. \u0000<italic>Conclusions:</i>\u0000 This study demonstrates a high level of acceptability for the tested portable technologies designed for a potentially remote and frequent assessment of knee osteoarthritis.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"476-484"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10543164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141191644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PseudoCell: Hard Negative Mining as Pseudo Labeling for Deep Learning-Based Centroblast Cell Detection","authors":"Narongrid Seesawad;Piyalitt Ittichaiwong;Thapanun Sudhawiyangkul;Phattarapong Sawangjai;Peti Thuwajit;Paisarn Boonsakan;Supasan Sripodok;Kanyakorn Veerakanjana;Komgrid Charngkaew;Ananya Pongpaibul;Napat Angkathunyakul;Narit Hnoohom;Sumeth Yuenyong;Chanitra Thuwajit;Theerawit Wilaiprasitporn","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3407351","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3407351","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Background:</i>\u0000 Deep learning models for patch classification in whole-slide images (WSIs) have shown promise in assisting follicular lymphoma grading. However, these models often require pathologists to identify centroblasts and manually provide refined labels for model optimization. \u0000<italic>Objective:</i>\u0000 To address this limitation, we propose \u0000<italic>PseudoCell</i>\u0000, an object detection framework for automated centroblast detection in WSI, eliminating the need for extensive pathologist's refined labels. \u0000<italic>Methods:</i>\u0000 \u0000<italic>PseudoCell</i>\u0000 leverages a combination of pathologist-provided centroblast labels and pseudo-negative labels generated from undersampled false-positive predictions based on cell morphology features. This approach reduces the reliance on time-consuming manual annotations. \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 Our framework significantly reduces the workload for pathologists by accurately identifying and narrowing down areas of interest containing centroblasts. Depending on the confidence threshold, \u0000<italic>PseudoCell</i>\u0000 can eliminate 58.18-99.35% of irrelevant tissue areas on WSI, streamlining the diagnostic process. \u0000<italic>Conclusion:</i>\u0000 This study presents \u0000<italic>PseudoCell</i>\u0000 as a practical and efficient prescreening method for centroblast detection, eliminating the need for refined labels from pathologists. The discussion section provides detailed guidance for implementing \u0000<italic>PseudoCell</i>\u0000 in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"514-523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10542389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141191635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FetSAM: Advanced Segmentation Techniques for Fetal Head Biometrics in Ultrasound Imagery","authors":"Mahmood Alzubaidi;Uzair Shah;Marco Agus;Mowafa Househ","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3382487","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3382487","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Goal:</i>\u0000 FetSAM represents a cutting-edge deep learning model aimed at revolutionizing fetal head ultrasound segmentation, thereby elevating prenatal diagnostic precision. \u0000<italic>Methods:</i>\u0000 Utilizing a comprehensive dataset–the largest to date for fetal head metrics–FetSAM incorporates prompt-based learning. It distinguishes itself with a dual loss mechanism, combining Weighted DiceLoss and Weighted Lovasz Loss, optimized through AdamW and underscored by class weight adjustments for better segmentation balance. Performance benchmarks against prominent models such as U-Net, DeepLabV3, and Segformer highlight its efficacy. \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 FetSAM delivers unparalleled segmentation accuracy, demonstrated by a DSC of 0.90117, HD of 1.86484, and ASD of 0.46645. \u0000<italic>Conclusion:</i>\u0000 FetSAM sets a new benchmark in AI-enhanced prenatal ultrasound analysis, providing a robust, precise tool for clinical applications and pushing the envelope of prenatal care with its groundbreaking dataset and segmentation capabilities.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"281-295"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10480532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140312995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Attention Networks With Multi-Temporal Information Fusion for Sleep Apnea Detection","authors":"Meng Jiao;Changyue Song;Xiaochen Xian;Shihao Yang;Feng Liu","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3405666","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3405666","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep Apnea (SA) is a prevalent sleep disorder with multifaceted etiologies that can have severe consequences for patients. Diagnosing SA traditionally relies on the in-laboratory polysomnogram (PSG), which records various human physiological activities overnight. SA diagnosis involves manual scoring by qualified physicians. Traditional machine learning methods for SA detection depend on hand-crafted features, making feature selection pivotal for downstream classification tasks. In recent years, deep learning has gained popularity in SA detection due to its capability for automatic feature extraction and superior classification accuracy. This study introduces a Deep Attention Network with Multi-Temporal Information Fusion (DAN-MTIF) for SA detection using single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. This framework utilizes three 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) blocks to extract features from R-R intervals and R-peak amplitudes using segments of varying lengths. Recognizing that features derived from different temporal scales vary in their contribution to classification, we integrate a multi-head attention module with a self-attention mechanism to learn the weights for each feature vector. Comprehensive experiments and comparisons between two paradigms of classical machine learning approaches and deep learning approaches are conducted. Our experiment results demonstrate that (1) compared with benchmark methods, the proposed DAN-MTIF exhibits excellent performance with 0.9106 accuracy, 0.9396 precision, 0.8470 sensitivity, 0.9588 specificity, and 0.8909 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$F_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 score at per-segment level; (2) DAN-MTIF can effectively extract features with a higher degree of discrimination from ECG segments of multiple timescales than those with a single time scale, ensuring a better SA detection performance; (3) the overall performance of deep learning methods is better than the classical machine learning algorithms, highlighting the superior performance of deep learning approaches for SA detection.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"792-802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10539178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}