IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology最新文献

{"title":"Passive Radar Sensing for Human Activity Recognition: A Survey","authors":"Foteini Savvidou;Sotiris A. Tegos;Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis;George K. Karagiannidis","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3420747","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3420747","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous and unobtrusive monitoring of daily human activities in homes can potentially improve the quality of life and prolong independent living for the elderly and people with chronic diseases by recognizing normal daily activities and detecting gradual changes in their conditions. However, existing human activity recognition (HAR) solutions employ wearable and video-based sensors, which either require dedicated devices to be carried by the user or raise privacy concerns. Radar sensors enable non-intrusive long-term monitoring, while they can exploit existing communication systems, e.g., Wi-Fi, as illuminators of opportunity. This survey provides an overview of passive radar system architectures, signal processing techniques, feature extraction, and machine learning's role in HAR applications. Moreover, it points out challenges in wireless human activity sensing research like robustness, privacy, and multiple user activity sensing and suggests possible future directions, including the coexistence of sensing and communications and the construction of open datasets.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"700-706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10577229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141532211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EmRad: Ubiquitous Vital Sign Sensing Using Compact Continuous-Wave Radars","authors":"Nils C. Albrecht;Dominik Langer;Daniel Krauss;Robert Richer;Luca Abel;Bjoern M. Eskofier;Nicolas Rohleder;Alexander Koelpin","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3420241","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3420241","url":null,"abstract":"In biomedical monitoring, non-intrusive and continuous tracking of vital signs is a crucial yet challenging objective. Although accurate, traditional methods, such as electrocardiography (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG), necessitate direct contact with the patient, posing limitations for long-term and unobtrusive monitoring. To address this challenge, we introduce the EmRad system, an innovative solution harnessing the capabilities of continuous-wave (CW) radar technology for the contactless detection of vital signs, including heart rate and respiratory rate. EmRad discerns itself by emphasizing miniaturization, performance, scalability, and its ability to generate large-scale datasets in various environments. This article explains the system's design, focusing on signal processing strategies and motion artifact reduction to ensure precise vital sign extraction. The EmRad system's versatility is showcased through various case studies, highlighting its potential to transform vital sign monitoring in research and clinical contexts.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"725-734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10577086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearable Loop Sensors for Knee Flexion Monitoring: Dynamic Measurements on Human Subjects","authors":"Ian Anderson;Christopher Cosma;Yingzhe Zhang;Vigyanshu Mishra;Asimina Kiourti","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3417376","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3417376","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Goals:</i>\u0000 We have recently introduced a new class of wearable loop sensors for joint flexion monitoring that overcomes limitations in the state-of-the-art. Our previous studies reported a proof-of-concept on a cylindrical phantom limb, under static scenarios and with a rigid sensor. In this work, we evaluate our sensors, for the first time, on human subjects, under dynamic scenarios, using a flexible textile-based prototype tethered to a network analyzer. An untethered version is also presented and validated on phantoms, aiming towards a fully wearable design. \u0000<italic>Methods:</i>\u0000 Three dynamic activities (walking, brisk walking, and full flexion/extension, all performed in place) are used to validate the tethered sensor on ten (10) adults. The untethered sensor is validated upon a cylindrical phantom that is bent manually at random speed. A calibration mechanism is developed to derive the sensor-measured angles. These angles are then compared to gold-standard angles simultaneously captured by a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) depth camera using root mean square error (RMSE) and Pearson's correlation coefficient as metrics. \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 We find excellent correlation (≥ 0.981) to gold-standard angles. The sensor achieves an RMSE of 4.463° ± 1.266° for walking, 5.541° ± 2.082° for brisk walking, 3.657° ± 1.815° for full flexion/extension activities, and 0.670° ± 0.366° for the phantom bending test. \u0000<italic>Conclusion:</i>\u0000 The tethered sensor achieves similar to slightly higher RMSE as compared to other wearable flexion sensors on human subjects, while the untethered version achieves excellent RMSE on the phantom model. Concurrently, our sensors are reliable over time and injury-safe, and do not obstruct natural movement. Our results set the ground for future improvements in angular resolution and for realizing fully wearable designs, while maintaining the abovementioned advantages over the state-of-the-art.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"542-550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10568308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbubble Contrast Agents Improve Detection of Active Hemorrhage","authors":"Scott Schoen Jr;Alexis Prasov;Ion Candel;Saaid Arshad;Mark Ottensmeyer;Theodore T. Pierce;Laura J. Brattain;Brian A. Telfer;Anthony E. Samir","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3414974","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3414974","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of trauma-induced hemorrhage with ultrasound is particularly challenging outside of the clinic, where its detection is crucial. The current clinical standard for hematoma detection – the focused assessment with sonography of trauma (FAST) exam – does not aim to detect ongoing blood loss, and thus is unable to detect injuries of increasing severity. To enhance detection of active bleeding, we propose the use of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs), together with a novel flow phantom and contrast-sensitive processing techniques, to facilitate efficient, practical characterization of internal bleeding. Within a the custom phantom, UCAs and processing techniques enabled a significant enhancement of the hemorrhage visualization (mean increase in generalized contrast-to-noise ratio of 17%) compared to the contrast-free case over a range of flow rates up to 40 ml/min. Moreover, we have shown that the use of UCAs improves the probability of detection: the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for a flow rate of 40 ml/min was 0.99, compared to 0.72 without contrast. We also demonstrate how additional processing of the spatial and temporal information further localizes the bleeding site. UCAs also enhanced Doppler signals over the non-contrast case. These results show that specialized nonlinear processing (NLP) pipelines together with UCAs may offer an efficient means to improve substantially the detection of slower hemorrhages and increase survival rates for trauma-induced injury in pre-hospital settings.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"877-884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10561886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel CPAP Device With an Integrated Oxygen Concentrator for Low Resource Countries: In Vitro Validation and Usability Test in Field","authors":"Poletto Sofia;Zannin Emanuela;Ghilotti Emanuele;Putoto Giovanni;Ichto Jerry;Lochoro Peter;Obizu Moses;Okori Samuel;Corno Matteo;Dellacà Raffaele","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3413574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3413574","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Goal:</i>\u0000 To develop and validatea novel neonatal non-invasive respiratory support device prototype designed to operate in low-resource settings. \u0000<italic>Methods:</i>\u0000 The device integrates a blower-based ventilator and a portable oxygen concentrator. A novel control algorithm was designed to achieve the desired fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO\u0000₂\u0000) while minimizing power consumption. The accuracy of the delivered FiO\u0000₂\u0000 and the device power consumption were evaluated in vitro, and a formative usability test was conducted in a rural hospital in Uganda. \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 The agreement between the set and delivered FiO2 was high (limit of agreement:−5.6 ÷ 3.8%). For FiO2 below 60%, the control algorithm reduced the power drain by 50%. The device was also appreciated by intended users. \u0000<italic>Conclusion:</i>\u0000 The prototype proved effective in delivering oxygen-enriched continuous positive airway pressure in the absence of compressed air and oxygen, holding promise for a sustainable and effective implementation of neonatal respiratory support in low-resource settings.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"498-504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10555147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer-Aided Intra-Operatory Positioning of an MRgHIFU Applicator Dedicated to Abdominal Thermal Therapy Using Particle Swarm Optimization","authors":"Yacine M'Rad;Caecilia Charbonnier;Marcelo Elias de Oliveira;Pauline Coralie Guillemin;Lindsey Alexandra Crowe;Thibaud Kössler;Pierre-Alexandre Poletti;Sana Boudabbous;Alexis Ricoeur;Rares Salomir;Orane Lorton","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3410118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3410118","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Transducer positioning for liver ablation by magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) is challenging due to the presence of air-filled organs or bones on the beam path. This paper presents a software tool developed to optimize the positioning of a HIFU transducer dedicated to abdominal thermal therapy, to maximize the treatment's efficiency while minimizing the near-field risk. Methods: A software tool was developed to determine the theoretical optimal position (TOP) of the transducer based on the minimization of a cost function using the particle swarm optimization (PSO). After an initialization phase and a manual segmentation of the abdomen of 5 pigs, the program randomly generates particles with 2 degrees of freedom and iteratively minimizes the cost function of the particles considering 3 parameters weighted according to their criticality. New particles are generated around the best position obtained at the previous step and the process is repeated until the optimal position of the transducer is reached. MR imaging data from \u0000<italic>in vivo</i>\u0000 HIFU ablation in pig livers was used for ground truth comparison between the TOP and the experimental position (EP). Results: As compared to the manual EP, the rotation difference with the TOP was on average −3.1 ± 7.1° and the distance difference was on average −7.1 ± 5.4 mm. The computational time to suggest the TOP was 20s. The software tool is modulable and demonstrated consistency and robustness when repeating the calculation and changing the initial position of the transducer.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"524-533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10549770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141732490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of a Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) Pump With Acoustic Volume and Flow Sensing in Simulated High-Consequence Situations","authors":"Robert D. Butterfield;Nathaniel M. Sims","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3408092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3408092","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Goal:</i>\u0000 An insulin pump's failure to deliver insulin in the right amount at the right time is a preventable cause of hospitalization. We evaluated key performance metrics of a novel insulin pump that prevents “silent insulin non-delivery” caused by blockage, delivery of air and site leakage. This is accomplished via an acoustic sensor that measures the volume of insulin delivered with each pulse in real-time. \u0000<italic>Methods:</i>\u0000 We tested long and short-term flow accuracy, occlusion-detection time and pressure, and air management of the new device (ND) versus 3 U.S. commercial insulin pumps (CIPs) using standardized methods. \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 The ND outperformed CIPs on long-term basal flow rate error. Occlusion detection was 5 to 22.5 times faster depending on the basal rate and resulted in significantly lower (2 to 5x) pressures at time of occlusion. With air included in the drug reservoir, the tested CIPs can infuse air without detection, while the ND prevented air delivery without interruption. \u0000<italic>Conclusions:</i>\u0000 Bench tests of the ND versus 3 commercially available pumps showed improved occlusion detection and air management without flow performance tradeoffs. Additionally, the lower delivery pressure measured at time of occlusion suggests a substantially lower potential for site leakage at both basal and bolus rates. These enhancements combine to decrease the likelihood of silent insulin non-delivery.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"593-599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10547403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Section on Invisible Sensing: Radar-Based Biomonitoring","authors":"Bjoern M. Eskofier;Martin Vossiek","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3409086","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3409086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"678-679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10547285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromodulation Improves Stress Urinary Incontinence-Like Deficits in Female Rabbits","authors":"F. S. Rahman;Z. Yousuf;F. Castelán;M. Martínez-Gómez;Y. M. Akay;P. Zimmern;M. Akay;M. I. Romero-Ortega","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3408454","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3408454","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Objective:</i>\u0000 Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) affects a third of the female population and is characterized by involuntary urine leakage during abdominal efforts such as sneezing, laughing, or coughing. Acute neuromodulation of the bulbospongiosus nerve (BsN) was shown to increase bladder efficiency in aged and multiparous rabbits. This study investigates the efficacy of sub-chronic BsN neuromodulation in alleviating SUI-like deficits in mature multiparous rabbits, characterized by increased urine leakage and reduced leak point pressure\u0000<italic>. Results:</i>\u0000 Using the voiding spot assay, we observed a 40% reduction in urine leakage events after 30 days of BsN stimulation, which correlated with a 60% increase in daily micturition volume, a 10-fold increase in voided volume, and improvements in voiding efficiency and leak point pressure compared to negative control animals. \u0000<italic>Conclusion:</i>\u0000 In multiparous rabbits, BsN neuromodulation improves important SUI-like metrics including bladder capacity and urethral closure, supporting the use of this bioelectronic modality as treatment for SUI.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"6 ","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10545601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of Radar-Based Gait Parameter Estimation Techniques for Fall Risk Assessment","authors":"Sevgi Z. Gurbuz;Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman;Zahra Bassiri;Dario Martelli","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3408078","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3408078","url":null,"abstract":"Current methods for fall risk assessment rely on Quantitative Gait Analysis (QGA) using costly optical tracking systems, which are often only available at specialized laboratories that may not be easily accessible to rural communities. Radar placed in a home or assisted living facility can acquire continuous ambulatory recordings over extended durations of a subject's natural gait and activity. Thus, radar-based QGA has the potential to capture day-to-day variations in gait, is time efficient and removes the burden for the subject to come to a clinic, providing a more realistic picture of older adults’ mobility. Although there has been research on gait-related health monitoring, most of this work focuses on classification-based methods, while only a few consider gait parameter estimation. On the one hand, metrics that are accurately and easily computable from radar data have not been demonstrated to have an established correlation with fall risk or other medical conditions; on the other hand, the accuracy of radar-based estimates of gait parameters that are well-accepted by the medical community as indicators of fall risk have not been adequately validated. This paper provides an overview of emerging radar-based techniques for gait parameter estimation, especially with emphasis on those relevant to fall risk. A pilot study that compares the accuracy of estimating gait parameters from different radar data representations – in particular, the micro-Doppler signature and skeletal point estimates – is conducted based on validation against an 8-camera, marker-based optical tracking system. The results of pilot study are discussed to assess the current state-of-the-art in radar-based QGA and potential directions for future research that can improve radar-based gait parameter estimation accuracy.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":"5 ","pages":"735-749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10546280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}