Zemljiste i biljka最新文献

{"title":"The history, activities and future perspectives of the Serbian Soil Science Society","authors":"Ljubomir Životić, Boško Gajić","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2301062z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2301062z","url":null,"abstract":"The future capacity of soils to support life on Earth is becoming questionable and in such a situation an important attention is given to soil science and land use-soil policy. This paper presents the historical overview, conducted activities and roles of the Yugoslav and Serbian Soil Science Society (SSSS) from its begining to recent days, as well as future plans. The material tackles the development of soil science in Serbia: foundation of the Soil Society, international cooperation, publication of the journal ''Soil and Plant'' and other publishing activities, structural organization of the Society, organization of congresses and symposia, and impact of the Society to overall well being by development of various programmes. It also highlights the coordination, consulting, and supporting role of the Society in preparation of the soil map of Yugoslavia. The role of SSSS today is aimed at the general scientific, cultural and educational development and benefit of the Republic of Serbia. The Society has its bodies, eight (nine) commissions, eleven subcommissions and four working groups. In the coming period, the Society will continue its organizational, publishing, educational, and cooperation activities, but also strive to include soils and soil science among national priorities. The permanent legacy of the Society is the inclusion of soil at the core of policies that support environmental protection and sustainable development in line with new challenges.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135610791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological and basic agrochemical properties of Fluvisols along the Western Morava basin","authors":"Nataša Rasulić, Dušica Delić, Olivera Stajković-Srbinović, Aneta Buntić, Magdalena Knežević, Mila Pešić, Biljana Sikirić","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2301001r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2301001r","url":null,"abstract":"The most common type of soil in the valleys of large lowland rivers is Fluvisol or Alluvial soil. In order to determine the biogenity of this type of soil along the Western Morava basin, the representation of the total microflora, fungi, actinomycetes, ammonifiers, Azotobacter sp. and oligonitrophiles was examined. The samples were taken from soils used in the most common two different ways (plough fields and meadows). For that were used standard microbiological methods of inoculation a certain decimal dilution on appropriate nutrient media. No correlation was established between the number of examined groups of microorganisms and the way of land use, nor was there a correlation with chemical properties, primarily with pH and organic matter content. A good representation of Azotobacter sp., as an indicator of soil fertility, was found. Agrochemical analyses showed an acidic to neutral reaction, a low to medium percentage of organic matter, a very low to very high content of easily available phosphorus and easily available potassium.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility and potentially toxic elements content in Mačva","authors":"Vesna Mrvić, Zoran Dinić, Darko Jaramaz, Nikola Koković, Sonja Tošić-Jojević, Vojislav Lazović, Biljana Sikirić","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2301011m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2301011m","url":null,"abstract":"By examining the fertility of Mačva soil (fluvisol, humogley, eugley, chernozem, eutric cambisol, pseudogley, luvisol, vertisol), it was found that the soils with a reaction which is favourable for growth of most crops dominate, but about 25% of the samples, mainly on Pseudogley and Luvisol, have an unfavourable, highly acidic reaction. Soil organic matter content is generally medium to high, as are the nitrogen reserves. A low content of phosphorous was found in about half of the samples, while in about 10% of soil samples, a very high phosphorous and potassium content was found, as a result of soil properties as well as inappropriate fertilization. The PTE content and natural background values are around or below the values for Central Serbia. These values are below the maximum allowed limits in domestic regulations, except for Ni, whose content increased in some samples in the alluvium of the Drina and Sava rivers and in the soil in close vicinity. Locations with values above the natural background and limit values in the legal regulations require an additional analysis of the impact on the environment.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135610799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution to the knowledge of the soils formed on limestones on the Ozren Mountain","authors":"Boško Gajić, Miodrag Tolimir, Branka Kresović, Aleksa Lipovac, Angelina Tapanarova, Ljubomir Životić","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2301021g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2301021g","url":null,"abstract":"Soils formed on limestones occupy large area in Serbia, but there is not a lot of information about their properties. This paper presents physical and chemical properties of the Brownized Calcomelanosols and Moderately-deep Calcocambisols of the Ozren Mountain. Brownized Calcomelanosols under natural grassy vegetation were investigated at the Vlasina pass, whereas Calcocambisols under mixed forests were investigated near the site \"Ozrenske livade\". Soil profiles were excavated up to the parent material, and disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from soil genetic horizons. Following soil characteristics were determined: particle size distribution, soil structure and water resistance of structural aggregates, bulk density, total porosity, air capacity, water-holding capacity, water conductivity, pH, content of humus, available phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O), hydrolytic acidity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), sum of exchangeable base cations, and base saturation. Humus-accumulative horizon (Amo) of the Brownized Calcomelanosols has silty clay texture, whereas the cambic (B)rz horizon of both soils has a clay texture. The Amo horizon of Calcomelanosols is characterized by fine to medium granular structure (0.5-5 mm) of very high water resistance. The total porosity, air capacity and water permeability of both soils is high. Their water-holding capacity is high. Amo horizon of Calcomelanosols is characterized by a high humus content (>10%). Soil reaction in water of Amo horizon is neutral, whereas in (B)rz horizons both soils are moderately acid. Both soils have high CEC (>58 cmol kg-1 ) and base saturatation (>95%). Brownized Calcomelanosol is moderately to highly supplied with available K2O, whereas Calcocambisol is moderately supplied; while both soils are very poor in available P2O5. Since this study presents quite favorable physical and chemical properties of the investigated soils due to the conservation of natural forests and grasslands, the results can help in a deeper understanding of soil ecology and the preservation of natural plant cover.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crops influence on Chernozem soil structure Influence of winter cover crops and different spring crops on soil structure indicators on","authors":"Bojan Vojnov, Srđan Šeremešić, Vladimir Ćirić, Svetlana Vujić, Borivoj Pejić, Dragana Marinković, Dragan Radovanović, Marjana Vasiljević","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2301044v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2301044v","url":null,"abstract":"The intensive form of agricultural production often leads to disruption of physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Therefore, in recent years there has been an increasing focus on research and finding ways to preserve the soil with management practices that support soil conservation. The research was conducted on the experimental field of the Institute for Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad on Rimski Šančevi. The experiment was set up as a randomized block design. The winter cover crops consisted of the combined intercrops: Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) and winter pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.) (T+P), solo winter fodder pea crop (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.) (P) and a control without winter cover crops (sole or mixtures)(Ø). The experiment with winter cover crops was divided into two blocks. In the first block, the winter cover crops were chopped and plowed, while treatments in the second block were mowed using a rotary mower and the fodder was removed for feeding ruminants. After ploughing and preparing the soil for sowing, sowing of spring crops (soybean, maize and sudan grass) was carried out on all varieties in the subsequent sowing period. This research aims to determine the influence of different types of winter cover crops and spring crops from subsequent sowing period on the physical properties of Chernozem with a special emphasis on soil structure. It was determined that values of MWD on the treatments where the mixture of cover crops (T+P plowed) ranged from 1.11 mm to 1.39 mm, which indicated a better aggregates stability compared to the control treatments where no cover crops were sown. Due to variable root morphology and water requirements, which may alter soil structure, it is required to pay more attention to the adaptation of management strategies through the use of cover crops as well as the selection of their mixes.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change as the driving force behind the intensification of agricultural land use","authors":"F. Eulenstein, E. Saljnikov, S. Lukin, Askhad K. Sheudshen, O. Rukhovich, U. Schindler, G. Saparov, K. Pachikin, Matthias Thielicke, A. Behrendt, Werner Armin, L. Životić, L. Müller","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2201024e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2201024e","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change in Europe will lead to new precipitation patterns over the coming years and the annual temperature will increase significantly. These changes in climate variables and the resulting effects on agricultural productivity must be differentiated regionally. Plant production depends on sufficient rainfall in summer and, in some regions, on the amount of rainfall in winter. In Central Europe, the amount of precipitation in summer will decrease in the coming decades due to climate change, while in some regions, the amount of winter precipitation will increase significantly. Agricultural production is likely to suffer severely as a result of rising summer temperatures and low water retention capacities in the soil. The effects of reduced summer precipitation and increased air temperatures are partially offset by the expected increased CO2 concentration. Therefore, the effects that changed climatic conditions have on crop production are sometimes less drastic in terms of crop yields. The greatest impact of climate change on land use is expected from increasing evapotranspiration and lower amounts of precipitation in the production of leachate. In addition to the expected mean changes, the occurrence of extreme weather conditions is key. Periods of drought in the growing season and heavy flooding as a result of extreme rainfall are to be expected. However, these events are very difficult or even impossible to predict. In addition to the effects that climate change will have on regional crop production, global changes will have a strong impact on world markets for agricultural products. Another consequence of climate change and population growth is a higher demand for agricultural products on world markets. This will lead to dramatic local land use changes and an intensification of agriculture that will transform existing crop production systems. The intensification caused by rising land and lease prices will primarily affect the maximization of the use of fertilizers and pesticides.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agrogenic evolution of soddy-podzolic soil: Feasibility of repeated re-involvement in cultivation of the fallow lands formed on band clays","authors":"A. Litvinovich, A. Lavrishchev, V. Bure, Tara Grujić, E. Saljnikov","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2202086l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2202086l","url":null,"abstract":"Transformations of the soddy-podzolic gleyic clay soil in a long-term agricultural use (> 200 years) was studied in Leningrad region, northwest Russia. This feasibility study investigated the possibility of re-cultivation of these soils after long term fallowing. Morphological structure, particle size distribution, content and ratio of ferrous and oxide forms of iron in the profile of virgin (indigenous forest) and arable drained soil were analysed. In addition, changes in the organogenic-profile were traced in the course of long-term agrogenesis (> 200 years). In virgin forest soil, during its pedogenesis the loss of fractions <0.01 mm from the eluvial layer was 877.4 kg m-2 , and the loss of <0.0001mm was 287.5 kg m-2 , as compared with parent material not affected by the processes of pedogenesis. However, long-term agrogenesis (>200 years) led to increased eluvial losses of fine earth particles. The loss of fraction <0.01 mm from the arable horizons was 1244.8, and < 0.0001 mm was 570 kg m-2 , respectively. This was due to multiple yearly tillage that increased the porosity of the soil and thus intensified lessivage, which led to increased leaching and eluvial losses. The total loss of colloids from the entire profile of virgin soil was 262.1 kg m-2 , and from the arable layer of drained soil - 290.1 kg m-2 . The humus enrichment of the colloids of the plough (P) horizon of the arable soil was two times lower than that of the surface (AY) horizon of the virgin soil. The relative share of the participation of colloids in the fixation of humus by the soil was the same (11.6 and 10.9%, respectively). In the subsurface horizons, the absolute content of humus in the colloids decreased, and the share of participation in the fixation of humus increased. When soddy-podzolic gleyic clay soil is brought to cultivation then the water-air regime is improved, content and composition of humus, depth of arable horizon is increased and the soil acidity decreased. At the same time the leaching of fine earth materials is accelerated. When this soil was withdrawn from crop production, the positive changes achieved as a result of cultivation were gradually lost. For the first time we could qualitatively calculate the losses of the fine earth fractions for the given soil from top soil. Taking into account the high costs of re-cultivation of the former land and a high cost of re-installation and maintenance of an optimal hydrological regime (drainage network) we concluded that repeated ploughing and involvement of arable soddy-podzolic gleyic clay soil into cultivation is economically unreasonable.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microgranular fertilizer and biostimulants as alternatives to diammonium phosphate fertilizer in maize production on marshland soils in northwest Germany","authors":"Matthias Thielicke, J. Ahlborn, L. Životić, E. Saljnikov, F. Eulenstein","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2201053t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2201053t","url":null,"abstract":"The eutrophication of groundwater through widespread diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilization and excessive farm fertilizer is one of the major problems in European agriculture. Organomineral microgranular fertilizers that have a reduced phosphorus (P) content, alone or in combination with biostimulants, offer promising alternatives to DAP fertilization. We conducted a field experiment with maize (Zea mays) on a marshland soil site in order to compare the yield increase and the phosphorus balance of DAP and microgranular fertilizer variants. P content of the soil on the study site is 3.9 g P per 100 g soil. Treatments involved a combination of two fertilizers, namely DAP or a P-reduced microgranular slow-release organomineral fertilizer (Startec) and the biostimulants mycorrhiza, humic substances and soil bacteria, applied individually or along with two of the above biostimulants. Fertilizer variants were also tested individually without additional biostimulants. One in four plots was used as a control, treated only with biogas slurry, to identify site-specific spatial variability and to implement correction factors to process raw data using standardized methods. Startec performed as well as DAP in terms of both the yield and corn cob ratio, while the P excess was lower in plots treated with Startec (av. = 4.5 kg P2O5 ha-1 ) compared to DAP (av. = 43.7 kg P2O5 ha-1 ). The latter differences are of statistical significance. Individual biostimulants and a combination of multiple biostimulants rarely resulted in significantly higher yields, with the exception of some combinations with humic substances and mycorrhiza in individual years. The influence of the climatic conditions in each of the years was higher than the influence of the biostimulants. However, average increases in yield over three years would be economically beneficial for farmers in the case of the applied humic substances product and mycorrhiza. An adequate alternative to DAP was found in the form of a P-reduced microgranular fertilizer from Startec.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of the \"Stomp\" herbicide application on the microbial prevalence in the soil","authors":"S. Hamidović, Nikolina Vukelić, T. Gavrić, Jelena Jovičić-Petrović, I. Kljujev, Vera Karličić, B. Lalević","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2201015h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2201015h","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural production has benefited a lot from herbicides; however, the use of herbicides caused many environmental problems. Herbicide application can affect the biodiversity of an ecosystem by killing non-target organisms. Microorganisms in the soil are important factors for plant growth; they represent the biological factor of soil fertility. Herbicides can have a beneficial effect on the development of some microorganisms and a negative on others, leading to depletion of microbial diversity in soil. The objective of this work is to determine microbial activity in the soil and to isolate herbicide-resistant bacteria after the use of the \"Stomp\" herbicide. Agar plate method was used for the determination of microbial prevalence in the soil. The results showed an increase in the total number of bacteria, ammonifiers, fungi, and actinomycetes. Nine isolates, mostly Gram-positive spore-forming rods, showed an ability to grow in the mineral salt medium with different concentrations of \"Stomp\" herbicide. Isolates G1/1 and G1/2, showed high level of tolerance at the initial pendimethalin concentration of 25 mg/l. Those isolates have the potential to be used to decontaminate herbicide affected ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The values of different types of acidity of pseudogley soils in the Kraljevo basin under forest, meadow and arable land uses","authors":"G. Dugalić, M. Dugalić, L. Bošković-Rakočević, V. Rajičić","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2202076d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2202076d","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of active (pH in H2O), exchangeable (pH in KCl), hydrolytic (Y1) and total acidity (T-S) in humus-accumulative (Ah, Ahp) and subsurface (Eg, Btg) horizons of Pseudogley Soils in Kraljevo Basin for 14 soil profiles excavated in forests, 16 in meadows and 24 on arable land. The results showed that acidification was weaker or more pronounced in all three most important tested horizons of Pseudogley Soils, and that the differences in the value of different forms of acidity existed among forest, meadow and arable land uses, as well as between the horizons of the same profile. The chemical reaction of soil solution ranged from very weak to extremely acid. The highest active acidity was found in forest profiles, especially in deeper horizons. Exchangeable acidity ranged from 3.7 to 4.9 pH units, with the forest profiles as the most acid, while the differences between meadow and arable land were less pronounced. The highest hydrolytic acidity was obtained in the forest profiles, while acidity in meadow and arable profiles was significantly lower and the lowest, respectively. Total acidity of the Kraljevo pseudogleys ranged from 6.2 to 24.8 meq/100 g soil and similarly to hydrolytic acidity, the value of total acidity was affected by the land use.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}