Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of tobacco use among youths in five centres in Nigeria: A global youth tobacco survey (GYTS) approach","authors":"I. Ekanem, M. Asuzu, C. Anunobi, S. Malami, Pg Jibrin, A. Ekanem, G. Onyemelukwe, M. Anibueze","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115599590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge of HIV/sexually transmitted infections, sexual behavior and HIV sero-prevalence of brothel-based female sex workers in Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria","authors":"L. Ogbonnaya, B. Azuogu, C. Alo","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68339","url":null,"abstract":"Setting: Brothel based female sex workers in Abakaliki metropolis Ebonyi State. Objective: To determine the HIV prevalence knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/HIV and sexual behavior of brothel-based female sex workers (FSWs) Methods: Using a cross-sectional descriptive design data was collected from a total population sample of 85 female sex workers in three brothels located in the town. HIV diagnosis was made using rapid test kits according to the national algorithm. Presumptive STIs diagnosis was made syndromically. Results: HIV prevalence among this group was 18.8% while 35.3% had symptoms of STIs. Misconceptions exist in the FSWs knowledge of HIV transmission and STIs/HIV prevention methods as 20% believe that mosquito transmits HIV; 63.5% douche 60% take antibiotics and 36.5% consume local gin (Ogogoro) after sex while 15.3% take antibiotics before sex as means of preventing STI/HIV transmission; 8.2% felt no need for HIV screening since there is no cure for HIV/AIDS. Condom use by client was significantly related to FSW previous history of HIV testing. Conclusion: HIV prevalence among this high risk group is four times higher than the state average. Despite high knowledge of HIV/STIs misconceptions exist concerning means of transmission and relevance of regular HIV testing.","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116564051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of positive deviants among Leprosy self-care groups in Leprosy settlement, Zaria, Nigeria","authors":"M. Gidado, J. Obasanya, C. Adesigbe, J. Huji, D. Tahir","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68320","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Positive deviants (PD) are described as a group of individuals having similar risks or conditions, but with few of the members doing something different from the main group to avoid the effect of the common condition or perform better under the same condition. The aim of this paper is to describe the possible roles of PD among Leprosy self-care groups. Methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted among Leprosy self care group for a period of six months. Results: A total of 26 ex-Leprosy patients agreed to form a self care group, 15 (58%) were females. Six (23%) of the group members had ulcers, out of which two had two ulcers on the feet, making a total of eight ulcers among the six ex-patients. Twenty one (81%) of them had visible deformity either on their eyes, hands or feet (defined by W.H.O as grade 2 disability). Using the total sum scores of impairment and deformity for all the three organs (Eyes, Hands & Feed) the EHF sum score, 50% of the patients had scores between 1-4. Six months later, a total of four ulcers (50%) were healed at home with the support of self care group members, of which two patients healed their ulcers (33%). There was no change in the disability grading among all the patients, even though two (15%) patients with EHF score between, 1-4 had zero score at the end of the six month period. The group observed general improvement in hygiene, protective foot wear utilization and willingness to support each other in the group within the period of the six months. Conclusion: Patients could heal their ulcers at home using group support and practicing different approaches that were not necessarily taught to them by health care workers.","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130617307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the performance of primary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State in the school health programme","authors":"Ia Mbarie, Ge Ofevwe, M. Ibadin","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132455689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services among pregnant woman in Rivers State, Nigeria: A preliminary assessment","authors":"M. Mezie-Okoye, C. Tobin-West","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68322","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programme has proven to be an effective and efficient strategy at reducing transmission of HIV from infected mothers to their children. The aim of the study was to make preliminary assessment of the uptake of PMTCT services in selected health facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria, three years after commencement of the programme. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between June 2005 and May 2006 using secondary data from three PMTCT sites (Isiokpo, Ahoada and Bori General Hospitals). These sites were randomly selected from the existing 16 in the State by a simple random sampling method. PMTCT clinic records in the sites were reviewed and relevant information on PMTCT services collated and analysed using Epi Info ver. 6.04 statistical package and simple proportions and frequency distribution tabulated. Results: A total of 2,524 pregnant women were counselled about HIV screening. Of those who were counselled, 2389 (94.7%) opted in for HIV test and 8.0% were positive. However, only 22.1% of the HIV positive women delivered in the hospitals where they were tested, and only 16.7% of them had an opportunity to receive ARV drugs during labour. Similarly, only 57% of their babies received nevirapine at birth. Conclusion: Uptake of PMTCT services appeared low. Further studies are needed to determine if HIV positive pregnant women can benefit from self-administration of ARV at the onset of labour if delivering elsewhere, and for their newborns to have a similar opportunity for ARVs so as to accelerate PMTCT uptake.","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125096189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the tuberculosis control programme in a southwestern State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Ige, A. Fashina, M. Asuzu","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130359487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of screening methods for urinary schistosomiasis in a school-based control programme, in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"A. Fatiregun, K. Osungbade, E. Olumide","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V17I1.32421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V17I1.32421","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Indirect diagnostic methods in urinary schistosomiasis are widely used for screening high-risk populations in endemic areas. Their diagnostic performances, however, vary. The objective of this study was to assess their usefulness in the context of a school-based control programme technique (unqualified haematuria, terminal haematuria and dysuria), visual examination of urine and chemical reagent technique were each compared with microscopic examination of urine for schistosome ova. Results: Chemical reagent strip technique was the most sensitive of all indirect methods assessed with sensitivity of 68.3%, followed by unqualified haematuria (41.7%), terminal haematuria (38.2%), dysuria (25.0%) and visual urine examination (16.7%). In terms of specificity, terminal haematuria and visual examination were the most specific with values of 96.1 and 96.0% respectively. Conclusion: The validity of screening methods agreed with previous observations. Their use, however, depends on the endemicity of schistosomiasis in a given area. There is therefore a need to evaluate screening methods on a sample of the target population before being used to estimate prevalence of disease. Keywords: urinary schistosomiasis, diagnostic performance, screening methods Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care 2005, 17(1): 24-27","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124269961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients` compliance with instructions after oral surgery in Nigeria","authors":"E. Adebayo, M. Dairo","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V17I1.32424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V17I1.32424","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To prospectively study the behaviour of oral surgery patients given verbal and written instructions, verbal instructions alone and written instructions alone after minor surgical procedures to return for review visits, remember correctly form of instruction given, compliance and level of satisfaction with treatment. Method: Patients for minor oral surgery were given one of the following: verbal and written (group A), verbal only (group B) and written only (group C) instructions 30 minutes to one hour after the procedure. Patients in groups A and B were consecutively recruited to have 150 patients in group A and 50 in group B. Group C was made up of 25 patients who all claimed to have had at least six years of formal education in the English language. One week postoperatively, information was sought, through questionnaire \u0000administration, from all study patients who came for review on remembrance of form of postoperative instructions given, compliance, expectations from procedure and level of satisfaction with treatment. Results: Patients' return rate was 93, 54 and 64% for groups A, B and C respectively. Remembrance of correct form in which instructions were given was not significantly different among the various groups (p=0.5). There was significantly better compliance among group B patients to the instruction on the use of warm saline mouthwash (warm saline) than groups A and C, (p=0.04). Non compliance with antibiotic therapy was significantly more among group A than other patients (p=0.03) but no significant difference was observed in analgesic non compliance (p=0.9). Postoperative expectations were not significantly different among the three groups of patients. Patients in group A showed a higher level of satisfaction with treatment (76%) than other patients (63-67%) though the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The study showed that provision of both written and verbal postoperative instructions to patients after minor oral surgery enhances compliance. Keywords: oral surgery, verbal and written instruction, dental compliance Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care 2005, 17(1): 38-44","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128345189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent sexual and reproductive health needs in Nigeria: shaping a pragmatic and effective response","authors":"A. Fatusi","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V17I1.32417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V17I1.32417","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract. Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care , 2005 Vol. 17(1): 1-6","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132115045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of road traffic accidents and pattern of injury among commercial motorcyclists in a rural community in south western Nigeria","authors":"E. Owoaje, O. Amoran, O. Osemeikhain, Oe Ohnoferi","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V17I1.32418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V17I1.32418","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Motorcyclists are at high risk of road traffic accidents and the attendant injuries, but few community-based studies have investigated the problem in Nigeria. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the incidence of accidents and patterns of non-fatal injury among commercial motorcyclists in a rural community in Oyo State, Nigeria. Methodology: A total sample of all the commercial motorcyclists registered in the motor parks of Igbo-Ora, Oyo State was surveyed. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect information on the respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, occurrence of accidents in the year preceding the study, type of injury sustained, motorcycle riding experience, substance use and other characteristics. Results: Two hundred and ninety nine motorcyclists were interviewed, 136(45.3%) had been involved in a road traffic accident; of these 85 (62.5%) were involved in a single accident, while 51(37.5%) were involved in 2 or more accidents. Motorcycle accident risk factors included age of the motorcyclist, between 20-29 and 30-39 years, OR 10.1 and OR 9.6 respectively, alcohol use, OR 1.18, and visual impairment, OR 1.62. The collisions occurred mainly with cars (28.7%) and other motorcyclists (27.9%). The commonest types of injuries sustained were abrasions and cuts (67 .6%) and fractures of the upper and lower limbs (16.2%). Conclusion: Road traffic accidents occur frequently among commercial motorcyclists in this community. Introduction of road safety education targeted at discouraging alcohol use among these motorcyclists while riding and ensuring periodic visual acuity assessment is recommended. Keywords: commercial motorcyclists, accidents, injuries, risk factors, rural community, Nigeria Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care 2005, 17(1): 7-12","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123768453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}