{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among workers of an oil palm company in Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Obarisiagbon, D. Osayi, V. Wagbatsoma","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V30I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V30I2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension is one of the most important preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality globally. This condition which was initially considered rare in sub-Saharan Africa is now a major non-communicable disease threatening sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among workers of the Oil Palm Company in Ikpoba-Okha Local Government Area, Edo State Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 354 workers of Oil Palm Company selected using stratified sampling technique. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire (adapted in line with the WHO stepwise surveillance questionnaire for chronic disease risk factors) was used to obtain data. Data analysis was by IBM SPSS version 21.0. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were done and level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age (SD) of respondents was 37.9 (10.4) years. The prevalence of hypertension was 18.4%. Sixteen (4.5%) of respondents were current tobacco users and 34 (9.6%) were obese. Significant determinants of hypertension were age (p = 0.001), current tobacco use (p = 0.007), BMI (p = 0.027) and Waist Hip Ratio (p = 0.033). Conclusion: Hypertension is a public health problem among the study population and the determinants of hypertension identified include age, tobacco use, and obesity. There is need for health education on how to reduce these risk factors and screening programs among the staff for early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Keywords: Hypertension, Prevalence, Risk factors, Oil Palm Company","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121799295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teenage organophosphate insecticide poisoning: An ugly trend in Enugu, Nigeria","authors":"J. Eze, I. Ndu, Bo Edelu","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V30I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V30I1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Organophosphate poisoning is still a major problem in developing countries owing to indiscriminate use of these compounds in many households. The risk of poisoning is worsened by uncontrolled sale of organophosphorus insecticides on the streets and in open markets. We report three cases of organophosphate compound poisoning among adolescents with suicidal intent. Methods : We reviewed the hospital admission case records of three cases of organophosphate poisoning among adolescents managed at the children emergency room of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, South-east Nigeria. Relevant information on the clinical characteristics of the patients, investigations and treatment, and outcome of treatment were obtained. Results : The events of poisoning were preceded by strained family relationship in two of the cases while failure in a promotional examination preceded the incident in one of them. Atropine monotherapy in addition to airway management and oxygen support successfully reversed the symptoms and signs in 2 of the 3 cases. One died within 18 hours of admission from cardio-respiratory depression. Mean duration of admission in patients that survived was 48 hours. Conclusion: This report highlights the ugly trend of suicidal ideation among adolescents and the challenges of management of organophosphate poisoning in our setting. It serves as a wake-up call to Nigerian parents and healthcare providers on the increased risk of indiscriminate use of organophosphorus compounds as insecticides in the homes. Keywords : Organophosphate poisoning, Atropine, Adolescents, Suicide ideation, Enugu","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116395212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perception of community health extension services among women in a rural community in Ilorin East, Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"E. Ogboghodo, Vincent Yakubu Adam, V. Wagbatsoma","doi":"10.4314/jcmphc.v29i2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jcmphc.v29i2","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Rural women in developing countries, including Nigeria are faced with a number of health problems with very limited access to health care facilities. This study assessed the perception of women in rural areas on community health extension services in Ilorin, Kwara State. Methods : One hundred and twenty rural dwelling women were sampled from six rural communities selected by simple random sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 18. Level of significance was set at p-value of ≤ 0.05. Results : The mean age of the respondents was 45 years and 69.3% of them were married. Over a third (36.7%) of the respondents, had no formal education and 40.0% were farmers with an average monthly income of ₦14,146.00. High awareness level on community health extension services was observed but 65.5% lived at a distance beyond 3 km from the health centers and they usually trek to the facilities. Maternal, child care services and first aid treatment were available; however, mental health was poorly ranked in terms of effectiveness of community health extension services provided in the area. Age (p<0.001) was inversely significant while educational level (r = 0.334, p < 0.01) was positively related to the frequency of availability of community health extension services. Conclusion : The respondents were aware of community health extension services, however, most of them live far from the health facilities. We recommend that Community Health Extension Workers should embark on home visits in order to improve access to health services in the rural communities. Keywords: Perception, Community Health Extension Services, Women","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125001747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knowledge of tuberculosis and self disclosure amongst patients accessing treatment in an urban Local Government Area, Lagos, south west Nigeria","authors":"Y. Kuyinu, O. O. Adeyeye, O. Goodman, O. Odusanya","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V28I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V28I2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Disease-related stigma and knowledge of the disease by individual are believed to be associated with patients' willingness to seek and adhere to treatment. Increased morbidity and mortality of tuberculosis (TB) have been blamed on neglect of the human dimension of TB control. Assessing knowledge, self disclosure status and perceived stigma among TB patients would help to understand TB-related stigma as a social process and a better understanding of patients. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among newly diagnosed TB patients aged ≥18 years on treatment for at least four weeks. Consecutive enrollment was carried out in all the seven DOTS centers in Ikeja LGA. Patients were asked questions about TB knowledge, self- disclosure and level of perceived stigma. Knowledge scores were grouped as poor (1-11), fair (12-17) and good (18-22). A total of 309 patients were interviewed between January and September 2012. Results: Fifty-six percent of the patients were between 21 to 40 years with the male to female ratio of 1:1.13 while 45.3% and 51.5% had secondary school education and were married respectively. Thirty-two percent, 58% and 10% had poor, fair and good knowledge respectively. Majority (86%) of the patients have disclosed their status and treatment to family members with 39% disclosing to friends and associates. Regarding level of perceived stigma, 50% reported that having TB is an embarrassment to the family while 77% and 68% reported that TB patients should not share plates and sleep on the same bed with others respectively. Those with good knowledge and those that have retired from active service were more likely to selfdisclose to family members than others (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although perceived stigma and poor knowledge of TB was common among patients, most still disclosed status to family members. Health education of new patients on TB should be intensified. Keywords: TB, knowledge, selfdisclosure, stigma","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114549204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Malaria prevention in pregnancy among traditional birth attendants in rural Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"A. Adeniran, O. Goodman, F. Olatona, E. Oluwole","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V28I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V28I1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria accounts for approximately 1 million deaths annually and about 300,000 deaths in Nigeria alone. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to adverse consequences of malaria. The National Malaria Policy has adopted the use of Intermittent Preventive Treatment and Insecticide Treated Net for prevention of malaria in pregnant women. This study therefore determined the knowledge and practice of Traditional Birth Attendants regarding prevention of malaria in pregnancy in 2 rural Local Government Areas of Lagos State, Nigeria. Method: A cross sectional, descriptive study design was adopted and a total of 68 Traditional Birth Attendants were studied. Data was collected using a structured, interviewer administered questionnaire. Analysis was done with EPI info 2008 and WinPepi statistical softwares. Results: Age range of respondents was 20-75 years and the mean age was 46.4±8.7 years. Most (67.7%) of the respondents were not aware of Intermittent Preventive Treatment. However, most(81.8%) of the respondents who were aware got the information from the health workers, while only 31.6% of those that aware knew the right drugs to be used. Conclusion: Overall knowledge of malaria prevention with Intermittent Preventive Treatment in pregnancy was poor. The knowledge and practice of malaria prevention in pregnancy among the Traditional Birth Attendants in Ikorodu and Badagry Local Government Areas was poor. It is therefore recommended that a sensitization and training of the Traditional Birth Attendants be carried out since a good number of women still patronize them. Keywords: Malaria, Pregnancy, Traditional Birth, Attendants, Rural, Lagos, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114366082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of the pattern of childhood malignant diseases seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (2004-2008), Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"M. Odunvbun, G. Akenzua","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V27I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V27I2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malignant diseases have been reported in children worldwide. Pattern of these diseases vary from continent to continent and even in the same country from region to region. Pattern of malignant diseases have been described from various parts of Nigeria, but none from Benin. Aim: To assess the pattern of malignant diseases seen in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Edo State Methods: In a bid to accurately document Cancers at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, a cancer registry was established in the unit as all cases are usually managed in the unit. All cases of childhood admissions for malignant diseases were documented in the cancer registry. This data was recalled and a reviewed of malignant diseases seen between January 2004 and December 2008 (5years) was done. Frequencies were expressed as means and percentages, and chi square was used to compare proportions. Results: A total of 174 children presented with malignant disorders during this period. Burkitt's lymphoma was the commonest cause of malignancy accounting for 23.6% of all cases. This was followed by retinoblastoma (17.8%), Non Hodgkin's lymphoma (12.64%), Nephroblastoma (10.3%), Leukemia (9.2%), Rhabdomyosarcoma (6.9%), Neuroblastoma (6.9), Hodgkin lymphoma (2.3%) and others (10.3%). Malignant disorders were commoner in children 1- 5years largely due to retinoblastoma, although Burkitt's lymphoma was the overall most common cause of cancer occurring more commonly in children aged 5-10 years Conclusion: A higher prevalence of lymphoma in this study typifies what is seen in developing countries unlike the developed countries where leukemias predominate. As has been postulated, environmental and genetic predisposition may be important in the pathogenesis of cancers. Keywords: Childhood, Malignancies, Pattern","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127629794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Afolabi, O. Olaniran, O. Olawande, O. Aluko, O. Fawehinmi, A. Fehintola
{"title":"Pathogen carrying capacity of mobile phones of health workers in a teaching hospital","authors":"O. Afolabi, O. Olaniran, O. Olawande, O. Aluko, O. Fawehinmi, A. Fehintola","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V27I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V27I1","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile phones have become indispensable accessories of professional and social life. Micro-organisms that cause hospital acquired infections can be transmitted by handheld devices of hospital personnel. Studies have shown that mobile phones could be a health hazard with tens of thousands of microbes living on each square inch of the phone. This study determined the prevalence of micro-organisms on the mobile phones of health workers and their role as a source of hospital acquired infection. The study utilised a cross-sectional design. A total of one hundred and eighty swabs were collected from the mobile phones of health workers and subjected to microbiology analysis. Microbes were cultured in 70% of cell phones, 5% of which had mixed growths. Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 28%, coagulase negative staphylococcus 31% and E. coli 3% of the cultured organisms. Over 90% of Gram positive organisms were sensitive to Gentamicin while 70% of gram negative organisms were sensitive to Gentamicin. Two-fifth of gram positive and one-tenth of gram negative organisms were sensitive to Co-trimoxazole while neither was sensitive to Ampicillin. Only 42% of our respondents disinfect their mobile phones. Health workers should be sensitized on the need to disinfect their mobile phones regularly. Keywords: nosocomial, hospital acquired infection, mobile phone, micro-organisms, infection control, hospital","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133255259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visual Acuity in Primary School Pupils in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"Valentine U. Okoro, K. Odeyemi","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V25I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V25I1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Visual impairment is usually due to conditions that could be diagnosed and corrected if discovered early. However many cases go undiagnosed. Restoration of sight is among the most cost-effective interventions in health care. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out to determine the prevalence of refractive error, squint, and colour vision defect among primary school students. One hundred and eighty three pupils, aged 5-11 years were selected. Visual Acuity was measured using the Snellen chart. Colour vision and squint were assessed using the Ishikara colour vision test plates and corneal reflex test respectively. The tests were conducted by two optometrists with the assistance of a teacher and a class assistant. Results: Most (78% ) of the study population were found to have good visual acuity, 18.6 percent had fair vision , while 3.3 percent had poor vision. Prevalence (%) of refractive error, colour vision and squint among the study population were 21, 0.04 and 1.6, respectively. Majority of the students had good visual acuity and refractive error was the major cause (95%) of all reduction in visual acuity. Conclusion: Eye defects occur among school children with potential negative effects. Pre-school entry eye examinations and regular screening is advocated and glasses should be made available for children with refractive error. Keywords: Visual Acuity, Screening, School Children, School Health","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126144884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The economics of climate change and health: A review","authors":"B. Uzochukwu, E. Ossai","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"1723 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129445848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Awareness on HIV/AIDS amongst residents of two Local Government Areas in Lagos State","authors":"K. Wright, A. Akinbami, Y. Kuyinu","doi":"10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCMPHC.V22I1-2.68334","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, beliefs and practices in two local governments in Lagos State on HIV/AIDS. A baseline survey was done five years previously. Methods: A cross sectional survey of two local government areas in Lagos State, Nigeria was conducted. Study participants were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A total of 400 participants were surveyed using a structured, pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire over a two-week period. Data entry and analysis were carried out using Epi-Info 6 and Microsoft excel. Results: Over 90% of participants had heard about HIV/AIDS with the most frequent source of information being the mass media (radio and television). It was observed that a great proportion of respondents (93.3%) were of the belief that HIV/AIDS exists. However, less than 50% attested to the use of condoms with all sex partners. A higher educational level appeared to be significantly associated with greater awareness about HIV/AIDS (P<0.05) Conclusion: The enormous level of awareness about HIV and AIDS did not appear to translate into safer sexual practices. There is need for a multi-pronged approach in the dissemination of information on the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS.","PeriodicalId":337808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127319205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}