Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mining Geomechanical Risk最新文献

{"title":"Managing geohazard risk during mineral exploration at remote locations in rugged terrain and tropical environments","authors":"J. Whittall, P. Quinn, M. Lato, M. Porter, B. Bowden, J. Drew, M. Croaker","doi":"10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_30_LATO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_30_LATO","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral exploration projects in tropical environments can be exposed to a range of geohazards, including landslide, rockfall, debris flow, flooding, and subsidence. Understanding the geohazard types present, and their potential consequences at a proposed drill pad or camp site, is critical to managing the project’s geohazard risks. During the early stages of exploration, typical datasets used to map and evaluate geohazards, such as stereo airphotos and airborne LiDAR data, are often not available; as a result, engineers and geologists must rely on reconnaissance-level desktop studies and field observations of the geomorphology to estimate the risk of geohazard exposure. In order to effectively estimate geohazard risk at individual sites in a systematic manner, an evidence-based system was developed employing a standard risk equation. The components of the field-based geohazard risk assessment system include identifying the geohazard type and estimating the annual probability of occurrence at a specific location, estimating the spatial probability of the geohazard reaching the elements at risk, estimating the vulnerability of the elements at risk to the geohazard, and estimating the temporal probability that the elements at risk would be present when a geohazard occurs. \u0000This approach enables credible geohazard threats to be rated and facilitates appropriate risk management approaches suitable for each location and geohazard type. In parallel with the geohazard risk ratings, geohazard risk can be managed through more detailed assessment, awareness training, engineering measures, relocation of drill sites and infrastructure, and trigger action response plans. This paper presents a case study that employs the methodology at a greenfield exploration project site in tropical jungle in mountainous terrain.","PeriodicalId":337751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mining Geomechanical Risk","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134143955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining expert opinion and instrumentation data using Bayesian networks to carry out stope collapse risk assessment","authors":"R. Mishra, R. Kiuru, L. Uotinen, M. Janiszewski, M. Rinne","doi":"10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_02_MISHRA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_02_MISHRA","url":null,"abstract":"Stope collapse is a common form of accident resulting in property loss and bodily harm in mines. There are several methods to carry out risk assessment for stope collapse incident in an underground mine. This paper presents an alternate method to determine stope collapse probability using Bayesian belief networks. The alternate methodology is designed to replace a subjective risk assessment process in a metal mine in Finland. First, the stope collapse failure mechanism specific to the underground mine was established by carrying out interviews with stake holders in the underground mine. These failure modes have been mapped using Bayesian network with the use of expert opinion. The expert opinions were obtained from the interviews and their correlation and interdependencies have been defined. Use of continuous data obtained from site instrumentation in the Bayesian network has been discussed to validate the expert opinion model and to create a near real-time risk monitoring system. Updating of failure probabilities using new evidence has been discussed using a ‘what-if’ scenario analysis and use of backward inference to carry out incident investigation in the event of a failure has been described. The paper further elaborates on how Bayesian modelling for risk assessment can be incorporated in mining to justify mitigation measures and use this as a decision-making tool. When combined with existing data collection systems in the mine, this can form the backbone for a real-time risk management system.","PeriodicalId":337751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mining Geomechanical Risk","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125954856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case study: managing decline deformation in an active sublevel caving operation","authors":"M. Woods, S. Fitch, J. Doolan, D. Barnett","doi":"10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_31_WOODS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_31_WOODS","url":null,"abstract":"Telfer Gold Mine is located in the Great Sandy Desert and consists of both open pit and underground operations, including a mature sublevel cave (SLC). Changes to SLC design, with the addition of several sublevels, have resulted in an increased cave influence zone, with particular impact on the 4650 to 4600 Decline. This increased cave influence was identified during the planning stage risk assessment for the additional sublevels and a monitoring plan with associated trigger action response plans (TARPs) were included in the cave major hazard management plan (CMHMP). \u0000Once TARPs were triggered, ground support upgrades and a planned bypass were initiated for a section of the main decline. High underground temperatures and difficult work conditions resulted in the bypass activity being delayed until temperatures subsided. Due to the delays with bypass development and ongoing progression of deformation at a faster-than-expected rate, access through the original section of decline needed to be maintained for a greater length of time and with higher-than-expected deformation rates. \u0000Both a tactical ground support upgrade and a risk management plan based around monitoring data were used to maintain safe access through the main decline until the bypass was complete. Monitoring data showed a clear cause and effect between SLC production and deformation, allowing SLC production holds to be used as a key control.","PeriodicalId":337751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mining Geomechanical Risk","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132170136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving board assurance of technical and operational risks in mining","authors":"A. Atkins, M. Ritchie","doi":"10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_03_ATKINS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_03_ATKINS","url":null,"abstract":"There are gaps in board assurance on technical and operational risk in mining. There are gaps in current environmental social governance (ESG) and enterprise risk management, especially for geotechnical risk. \u0000Chief risk officers (CROs) and audit teams who report to the board’s audit and risk committee are often staffed by accountants and lawyers who provide an essential service, but may not appreciate the science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) aspects of mining, including its technical complexity, variability and uncertainty. This demography tends to focus on commercial, financial and legal risk. Their skill sets mean they may have a blind spot on how STEM mining risks have an impact, including on company performance and innovation (opportunity risks). Additionally, with the digital transformation of mining underway, there is a risk the disrupting ‘digital natives’ (i.e. deep domain experts on digital technology) also lack an understanding of the technical and operational risks of mining and may inadvertently create new risks. \u0000Understanding risk in mining requires technical and operational expertise in mining engineering, life-of-mine planning, geotechnical engineering, geology and metallurgy. These professionals need to work alongside traditional risk practitioners and auditors to develop new ways to provide transparency, accountability and assurance to mining company boards.","PeriodicalId":337751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mining Geomechanical Risk","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121237332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A measured risk approach to managing the design and operation of a tailings storage facility","authors":"J. Coffey, J. Plunkett","doi":"10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_10_COFFEY","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_10_COFFEY","url":null,"abstract":"Tailings storage facility (TSF) design has long been based on deterministic limits. By extension, the TSF owner accepts a Probability of Failure (PF) associated with these deterministic limits which are assessed against ‘industry norms’ with respect to investigation/analysis and design assumptions related to the operation of the facility. If the Probability of Failure of a design that is derived in this way is taken as the likelihood related to the tolerable risk limit, it follows that the same, or a lower PF, should be maintained during operations. \u0000Examples of operational controls include pond management and inspections/monitoring. Upset conditions arise when operational controls are not being implemented. Therefore, by comparing the calculated PF of the TSF complying with the design assumptions and the PF for the same TSF in an upset condition, the required PF of operational controls can be estimated. This concept assists the TSF owner in determining what is required to safely operate the facility and communicate the geotechnical risk to all stakeholders. By extension, scenarios where a TSF owner cannot achieve the required PF of operational controls can be addressed with: \u00001. Greater rigor applied to operational controls. \u00002. Addition of more operational controls. \u00003. A change to the design assumptions, where the timing of the project allows. \u0000This method provides a measured approach to risk management in the design and operational phases, without a TSF owner having to quantify an acceptable risk tolerance. Instead, the design is based upon widely accepted practice and industry/business accepted safety, economic and environmental risk levels. Subsequently, the design PF can be calculated and then applied as a benchmark for operations. This approach serves to reduce uncertainty through alignment of the design and operation phases. \u0000The concept is explored for three different tailings storage methods: upstream raised TSF, downstream raised TSF, and impoundment by mine waste dumps, to estimate how sensitive each storage method is to the type and effectiveness of operational controls implemented by the dam owner.","PeriodicalId":337751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mining Geomechanical Risk","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122728304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"InSAR tools for risk assessment over mine assets","authors":"J. Morgan, D. Colombo, F. Meloni","doi":"10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_06_MORGAN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_06_MORGAN","url":null,"abstract":"Ground motion over mine sites, while an everyday occurrence, may represent hazards that need to be identified and monitored over time. An accurate and regularly updated overview of surface movement over mining operations is therefore critical as part of an ongoing risk assessment program. By having a complete picture of ground stability, movement patterns which represent potential geotechnical hazards to safety and mine operations can be identified and tracked over time. From routine monitoring to highfrequency updates, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology is increasingly being used to identify a wide range of movement patterns which may be of concern to mine operators and geotechnical engineers. \u0000Recent advances in radar image processing algorithms, combined with an increase in the number of satellite systems launched into orbit, have resulted in improvements in the ability of this technology to capture complex and rapid displacement. In particular, the ability to characterise rapid and sudden motion (metres of movement) has increased the utility of InSAR from a practical standpoint in characterising geotechnical hazards. Further exploitation of 2D monitoring approaches in capturing vertical and horizontal movement, particularly for producing displacement vectors along cross sections, can also provide additional insights into hazard characterisation. Key differences between the ability of highresolution imagery to capture complex and rapid deformation in comparison to low-resolution (but freely available) Sentinel imagery are also touched upon. \u0000This paper will focus on the practical application of InSAR technology to monitor mine sites around the world, illustrating how new processing approaches and data sources are used in the identification of geomechanical risks that are typically of greatest concern from both an operational and safety standpoint. Examples of results over an active mine site will be shared and a particular emphasis will be placed on selecting the right InSAR tool for helping geotechnical engineers best manage risk due to movement.","PeriodicalId":337751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mining Geomechanical Risk","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128906573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of the excavation compliance indicator at the Oyu Tolgoi copper–gold mine, Mongolia","authors":"Abai Juldiz","doi":"10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_20_JULDIZ","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_20_JULDIZ","url":null,"abstract":"Systematic assessment of ‘as-built’ open pit mine slopes is required to verify that slope design criteria are appropriate for the ground conditions and that slope designs are being correctly implemented by mine operations. It is imperative that design bench geometry and inter-ramp slope angles are delivered (in order to meet scheduled production targets), slope design acceptance criteria are achieved, and that geotechnical design risks are appropriately managed, so that the design intent is met. \u0000The excavation compliance indicator (ECI) as developed by Seery and Lapwood (2007) and presents a methodology for quantifying compliance to design via measurement of the ‘as-built’ individual geometrical elements that comprise the bench geometry; i.e. bench face angle (BFA), crest position, toe position and catch bench width (CBW). Measurements of these elements are combined and weighted in order to deliver an overall slope design conformance metric (i.e. the ECI score). The technique enables valuable insights into the contributing factors that adversely affect design implementation conformance, thereby enabling operational practices to be modified in order to deliver improved design achievement. \u0000This paper outlines how the Oyu Tolgoi (OT) open pit geotechnical team implements ECI and how it is integrated into their design reconciliation workflow. This paper also provides some recommendations for improving the ECI process.","PeriodicalId":337751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mining Geomechanical Risk","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130815007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic stability analyses for sedimentary deposits","authors":"A. Duran","doi":"10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_26_DURAN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_26_DURAN","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents several approaches utilised by the author in assessing slope designs, inclusive of Probabilities of Failure, in sedimentary strata. A common issue seen by the author in probabilistic analyses is the use of population statistics, which honour variability in point sampling, but do not reflect variability at the larger scale. This then results in overestimates of the Probability of Failure. Issues in assessing the variability in inputs for analyses are discussed. Two case studies are presented with focus and discussion on use of the appropriate variability in the respective analyses. The cases have considered the scale at which the data is collected, and, critically, the analysis methodology which influences the approach in selection of variability. The case studies have utilised a Monte Carlo approach and use of limit equilibrium stability analysis software. Recent trends in analysis methodology (surface response methodology) and emergence of improvements in software (which allow generation of random fields) suggest the field of probabilistic analysis has matured. However, without careful consideration to the key design parameters, probabilistic analysis may simply serve to provide what appears as more sophisticated results, but which offer no additional value in managing risk for a project.","PeriodicalId":337751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mining Geomechanical Risk","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128735914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geotechnical value quantification through real options","authors":"J. Venter, E. Hamman","doi":"10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_21_VENTER","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_21_VENTER","url":null,"abstract":"Slope stability acceptance criteria is often applied from standard tables representing industry practice or corporate risk tolerance. While in many cases such standard off-the-shelf solutions are fit for purpose, in the case of slopes with a high value increase per incremental slope angle increase, or where highcost infrastructure or other sensitive locations are nearby, it pays to have a custom Probability of Failure acceptance criteria determined through risk analysis. The value lies in being able to quantify the consequences of hazards that are slope angle driven, and in determining the mining schedule consequences of these hazards through Probability of Failure. \u0000This paper demonstrates the concept of the risk-based geotechnical assessment through a practical example of a small saprolite pit in West Africa, how such an analysis was carried out, and how the costappropriate risk controls were put in place. The example is based on a gold mine, and considers the timing and size of potential failure as well as the mining schedule and cash flow schedule. The type and size of appropriate risk controls are also estimated in the calculation. Finally, the paper demonstrates through the model how the value of geotechnical engineering controls can be calculated using the concept of real options.","PeriodicalId":337751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mining Geomechanical Risk","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126824757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geohazard risk management for linear transportation","authors":"M. Lato, P. Quinn, M. Porter, S. Newton, R. Dixon, Sdn Wessels, L. Wessels, D. Sirois, M. Lévêque","doi":"10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_19_LATO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_REP/1905_19_LATO","url":null,"abstract":"Railways that deliver ore from mines to market are critical to an operation’s viability. Two examples of such railways include the Rio Tinto Iron Ore (RTIO) railway in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, and the Iron Ore Company of Canada (IOC) railway in northeastern Canada. Both railways are the only transportation mode from 17 mine sites to the ports to deliver their products to markets; annually, these railways ship over 330 million tonnes of iron ore (RTIO) and over 10 million tonnes of iron pellets (IOC). Although separated by over 16,000 km, different terrains, climates and operating regulations, these railways face similar challenges with respect to assessing and managing the risks associated with geohazards, in particular rockfall, landslides, and flooding geohazards. This paper presents risk-based frameworks for the IOC and RTIO railways, and the development of web and mobile based platforms to support effective geohazard risk-management practices within corporate risk frameworks. The output risk rating for each credible geohazard affecting the railway is used to support risk management through inspections, remediation projects and optimisation of maintenance and in situ or remote monitoring efforts. The geohazard management systems are also used in combination with live monitoring data to actively alert railway operators of changing conditions and potential triggering events, such as flooding or heavy rainfall. The systems that will be presented are used to support decisionmaking and communication of geohazard threats within their organisations.","PeriodicalId":337751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mining Geomechanical Risk","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130101650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}