Jurnal Mangifera Edu最新文献

The development of higher-order thinking skill-based immune system learning tools 开发基于高阶思维技能的免疫系统学习工具

Jurnal Mangifera Edu Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.183

Lissa Lissa, N. Subkhi, Sunarti Sunarti, Idah Hamidah, A. Ratnasari

{"title":"The development of higher-order thinking skill-based immune system learning tools","authors":"Lissa Lissa, N. Subkhi, Sunarti Sunarti, Idah Hamidah, A. Ratnasari","doi":"10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.183","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Learning tools can assist teachers in facilitating achievement during the learning process. At that time, the learning tools utilized still relied upon the pre-existing 2013 curriculum, lacking the incorporation of higher-order thinking Skills (HOTS) indicators for critical thinking skills, particularly in the context of immune system material. Therefore, research was conducted to create a learning tool immunity that was based on HOTS. The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) To analyze the requirement of HOTS-based biology learning tools in the immune system material for class XI in SMA/MA; 2) To design the product development for HOTS-based biology learning tools in class XI immune system material in SMA/MA; 3) To validating HOTS-based biology learning tool products in class XI immune system material in SMA/MA. This study employed the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) a model for instructional design. However, this research was conducted only up to the development stage of the ADDIE model. The sample comprised five experts and three practitioners, namely biology learning experts, lecturers’ teachers, and language experts. The purposive sampling technique was employed in this research. The instruments used included product validation sheets and interview sheets. Data collection methods involved distributing product validation sheets and conducting interviews with validators. This research produces a HOTS-based immunity learning tool product which generally falls into the very valid category with a percentage of 94.56%. It means that the development product is valid for use in biology learning at the SMA/MA level. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":33764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Mangifera Edu","volume":"24 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of interactive e-modules to improve students’ scientific literacy abilities: A literature review 开发互动电子模块，提高学生的科学素养能力：文献综述

Jurnal Mangifera Edu Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.181

Elin Herlina, Zaenal Abidin

{"title":"Development of interactive e-modules to improve students’ scientific literacy abilities: A literature review","authors":"Elin Herlina, Zaenal Abidin","doi":"10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.181","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000This research aims to investigate the development of the interactive e- Module in the context of improving students' scientific literacy skills. The approach employed in this research involved a systematic literature review, detailing the latest developments from 2019 to 2023 in the use of interactive e-Modules to enhance scientific literacy among students in Indonesia and abroad. The Meta-synthesis techniques were applied in this research. The samples utilized were sourced from 2019-2023 and were retrieved from international journals Google Scholar, Scopus, and Eric with the keyword \"Interactive e-module and Scientific literacy”. A total of 233 journal articles were obtained and after being reviewed 209 articles were eliminated because they did not include international articles relevant to this research. Consequently, only 24 articles were used in this research. This type of research used Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The research findings indicate that the E-Module is based on Discovery Learning, STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), PBL (Problem-Based Learning), PjBL (Project-Based Learning), IBL (Inquiry-Based Learning), SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, Society), SSI (Socio Scientific Issues), and Flipped classroom can improve students' Scientific Literacy. The type of technology used in making E-Modules included Macromedia Flash, Virtual Laboratory, Flip PDF Professional, PhET Applications, and Articulate Storyline. The implications of this literature review are anticipated to provide direction for the development of educational policies, curriculum design, and further research to increase scientific literacy in the digital era. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":33764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Mangifera Edu","volume":"126 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140451805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implementation of think pair square type cooperative learning to improve collaboration skills in high schools 在高中实施 "对对碰 "式合作学习，提高协作能力

Jurnal Mangifera Edu Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.184

Mia Nurkanti, U. Kulsum, Dewi Halimah

{"title":"Implementation of think pair square type cooperative learning to improve collaboration skills in high schools","authors":"Mia Nurkanti, U. Kulsum, Dewi Halimah","doi":"10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.184","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Think Pair Square Style Cooperative Education encourages each student to become a proficient and independent learner. Given that this learning emphasizes 21st-century skills such as critical thinking, creativity, and teamwork. It was such as necessary to assess how effectively the application of this method enhances students' critical thinking abilities in the real world. The objective of this project is to improve student cooperation in cell biology classes by implementing a cooperative learning model similar to the Think Pair Square. The Classroom action research model was developed by Kemmis and McTaggar, which served as the framework for the procedure employed in this study. The outlines of the four stages of classroom action research are technique—planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This instructional approach is seen to be beneficial as it enables students to share their thoughts and helps them see alternative problem-solving approaches. Students can seek explanations from other students to explain how to solve the problem if they are struggling with that. From the Data results, there were rising scores in the form of scoring that serve as evidence for this. Students' collaboration skills scored an average of 1.6 (level 1, or basic level) in the pre-cycle, 2 (level 2, or medium level), and 3.56 (level 3, or trained level) in cycle 2. Think Pair Square's implementation at SMA in Bandung could improve collaboration both within and outside of the classroom, foster more active dialogue and idea exchange, and promote student contact. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":33764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Mangifera Edu","volume":"77 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140459812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conservation education with religious values: A literature review 具有宗教价值观的保护教育：文献综述

Jurnal Mangifera Edu Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.187

Djohar Maknun, Jajang Aisyul Muzzaki, Ipin Aripin, Wawan Darmawan

{"title":"Conservation education with religious values: A literature review","authors":"Djohar Maknun, Jajang Aisyul Muzzaki, Ipin Aripin, Wawan Darmawan","doi":"10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.187","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental education and conservation education play crucial roles in cultivating an environmentally subject and conservation society. The purpose of this research was to describe the implementation of religiously charged conservation education and various learning methods that can be used in conservation education. This study focused on the implementation of religiously charged conservation education and exploring diverse learning methods applicable to conservation education. The literature study method is used to analyze various reference sources and synthesize them into an idea that is contextual to the relevant issue. The results of the literature review found that integrating religious value-charged conservation education can be one of the solutions to build awareness and concern for environmental sustainability. Religious values can be the individual spirit in instilling a positive attitude toward the environment so that it will build the spirit of religious conservationists. The planning of a conservation education program can generally be divided into three stages: the preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages of the program. For a Formal education setting, learning methods such as mini research, JAS, PjBL, and Field trips can be chosen as learning methods for conservation education effectively. In a non-formal education context, alternatives like extension, socialization, integration of local culture, and the like can be chosen as options for promoting conservation education.","PeriodicalId":33764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Mangifera Edu","volume":"320 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design for developing an electronic student worksheet based on organic food plant cultivation 设计开发基于有机食品植物栽培的电子学生工作表

Jurnal Mangifera Edu Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.186

Sulis Anjarwati, Alvina Putri Purnama Sari

{"title":"Design for developing an electronic student worksheet based on organic food plant cultivation","authors":"Sulis Anjarwati, Alvina Putri Purnama Sari","doi":"10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.186","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of teaching staff in innovating in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 is something that must be considered, one of which is innovating in presenting teaching materials. Electronic-based teaching materials that can be easily used by students are electronic-based student worksheets (E-LKM). E-LKM represents an easily assessable resource for a student. The utilization of E-LKM by students should be in alignment with their specific needs, one of which is the role of universities in promoting the cultivation of organic food crops. Therefore, one of the steps forward involves designing an E-LKM based on the cultivation of organic food plants. This research introduces a novel approach, which will develop an E-LKM based on organic food crop cultivation which is expected to provide insight to students about the importance of cultivating organic food crops as a form of food self-sufficiency. The development of this E-LKM design based on organic food crop cultivation adapts the ADDIE development model. It can be concluded that the ADDIE Model is used in the design of developing E-LKM based on organic food crop cultivation because it has systematic steps, is presented in detail, and produces specific products. From our result, evaluation criteria encompass material validity, practicality, and readability aiming for a minimum score of 85.0-100%.","PeriodicalId":33764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Mangifera Edu","volume":"412 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The potential of TPACK-based biology learning to improve students' habits of mind 基于 TPACK 的生物学习在改善学生思维习惯方面的潜力

Jurnal Mangifera Edu Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.178

Ghurrotul Bariroh, H. Surtikanti

{"title":"The potential of TPACK-based biology learning to improve students' habits of mind","authors":"Ghurrotul Bariroh, H. Surtikanti","doi":"10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.178","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of habits of mind in achieving student success was contrasted with the low level of students' habits of mind in biology learning. TPACK is a 21st-century learning approach that has the potential to improve students' habits of mind. However, this was not followed by biology teachers' mastery of TPACK, which was relatively low. So far, there has been no research that examines the role of TPACK on students' habits of mind in biology learning. This paper aims to find out the potential and implementation of TPACK-based biology learning in improving students' habits of mind. The method used was a Systematic literature review with 20 sample international and national articles. Access to digital resources enriches students' ideas and supports the development of critical thinking, creativity, and self-regulation skills. In this way, teachers are expected to not only increase their knowledge of content and pedagogy but also integrate technology into learning, allowing students to gain more meaningful knowledge. The form of implementing this technology integration can be in the form of learning media or learning assessments. What was found in this writing is that students' habits of mind can be formed through classroom learning, one of which is the TPACK approach. Recommendations for choosing more diverse biological material were also proposed in this paper so that learning becomes more dynamic, contextual, and then students' habits of mind are achieved.","PeriodicalId":33764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Mangifera Edu","volume":"476 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence in biology and learning biology: A literature review 生物学和学习生物学中的人工智能：文献综述

Jurnal Mangifera Edu Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.185

Ipin Aripin, Aden Arif Gaffar, Muhammad Barin Abdul Jabar, Diana Yulianti

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in biology and learning biology: A literature review","authors":"Ipin Aripin, Aden Arif Gaffar, Muhammad Barin Abdul Jabar, Diana Yulianti","doi":"10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.185","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) had been developed in various fields of human life. The use of AI brought the world towards a digital transformation that had not been imagined before. One form of AI development in the fields of biology and biology education brought the development of science in both fields far beyond expectations. The use of AI in the fields of biology and biology education had utilized many new methods and discoveries that are beneficial to humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of AI in biology and biology learning. The literature review method was used to analyze and synthesize research results from a new perspective. The results of the analysis of various pieces of our literature found various uses of AI. In the field of biology, including AI in the field of biology used for biological data analysis, genetic data analysis, investigation of complex biological phenomena (synthetic biology and system biology), bioinformatics, disease detection, and diagnosis. AI had been utilized in various fields of biological sciences such as medical, agriculture, animal husbandry, and industry for product development and automation in the production process utilizing IoT. There were 24 types of AI utilization in education, especially biology learning, which can be grouped into six groups: personalized and tutoring learning (teaching assistance/tutor), evaluation and assessment, teaching media, enriching learning, virtual classes, and learning aids.","PeriodicalId":33764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Mangifera Edu","volume":"130 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140478871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elementary students’ worksheet based on discovery learning for environmental education and biodiversity learning 基于发现式学习的小学生工作表，用于环境教育和生物多样性学习

Jurnal Mangifera Edu Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.179

I. Ichsan, Lufty Hari Susanto, Ahmad Ali, Anggit Merliana

{"title":"Elementary students’ worksheet based on discovery learning for environmental education and biodiversity learning","authors":"I. Ichsan, Lufty Hari Susanto, Ahmad Ali, Anggit Merliana","doi":"10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.179","url":null,"abstract":"The discussion of environmental issues and the biodiversity of flora and fauna are interesting topics to remarkable. This topic includes the learning process at the elementary school level. The learning tool that can be developed is student worksheets for elementary schools. The objective of this research is to develop discovery learning-based student worksheets for elementary school students on environmental and biodiversity topics. The ADDIE model was employed as the research methodology in this study. The development stages carried out are starting from analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The data analysis used was descriptive. The results of the research show that the student worksheet developed has a very valid category and is appropriate for use in learning with detail scores from Learning Expert I (3.90), Learning Expert II (3.70), and Learning Expert III (3.90). Students' worksheets were very valid and appropriate for learning. Student worksheets are one of the innovations that can be developed in school. The results of this research further validate that the student worksheets employed in fostering the development of student's critical thinking and creative thinking abilities. This research concludes that student worksheets based on discovery learning in environmental and biodiversity topics are appropriate for educational purposes.","PeriodicalId":33764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Mangifera Edu","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

E-pocket book media PBL-based for problem solving ability and student learning motivation 基于 PBL 的电子口袋书媒体，提高学生解决问题的能力和学习动力

Jurnal Mangifera Edu Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.182

Rita Istiana, Rifki Risma Munandar, Nur Asri Choerunnisa

{"title":"E-pocket book media PBL-based for problem solving ability and student learning motivation","authors":"Rita Istiana, Rifki Risma Munandar, Nur Asri Choerunnisa","doi":"10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.182","url":null,"abstract":"This study is based on students’ inability to solve problems in psychotropic material, which is caused by students' low reasoning power and tendency to memorize the material. To address these issues, consider using PBL-based e-pocket book media used for this study. The purpose of this study is to develop e-pocket book media based on PBL that are feasible, practical, and effective in improving students' problem-solving skills and motivating them to learn. The research was conducted in November 2022 - May 2023. The RnD research method was used in conjunction with the ADDIE development design. Interview guidelines, learning observations, expert assessment sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and student motivation questionnaires in learning were used to assess learning. The qualitative data analysis was obtained from media and material expert advice, teacher and student response questionnaires, student motivation questionnaires, learning observations, and interviews. The validation result of media experts yielded a quantitative 96% very feasible category while material expert validation yielded a 92% very feasible category. The results of the teacher's response questionnaire were 91%, while the student response was 89% in the very practical category. A questionnaire on student motivation in learning after using e-pocket book media was also obtained by 86%. Furthermore, the results of the independent sample t-test, show the result where Tcount>Ttable. It can be concluded that PBL-based e-pocket book media is very feasible and practical to use in learning and can improve students' problem-solving abilities on psychotropic material and motivate students in learning.","PeriodicalId":33764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Mangifera Edu","volume":"135 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship of grade level and gender towards science literacy abilities in islamic senior high students 年级和性别与伊斯兰高中生科学素养能力的关系

Jurnal Mangifera Edu Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.177

H. Husamah, Wildan Akbar, Alfiriyan Syah, Lise Chamisijatin, Lesy Luzyawati

{"title":"Relationship of grade level and gender towards science literacy abilities in islamic senior high students","authors":"H. Husamah, Wildan Akbar, Alfiriyan Syah, Lise Chamisijatin, Lesy Luzyawati","doi":"10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.177","url":null,"abstract":"Science literacy is one of the abilities that every individual student must have and is also a prerequisite for 21st-century life skills through integrated education, starting from family, school, and to society. This research aims to determine science literacy abilities and to determine the relationship between gender and class-level science literacy abilities in students in grades X, XI, and XII at Islamic Senior High School (ISHS) of Batu City. The research design used is quantitative research using descriptive methods (quantitative descriptive). The location of this research is at ISHS of Batu City. Purposive sampling was in the sampling process, which involved selecting a sample based on specific attributes, such as gender. There are 20 male and female students at the class level, and the results of ability in science literacy are X=46% and XI=60%. Based on this data, if it is based on the criteria for classes X, the results obtained for the gender aspect show that there is no significant interaction with the results of students' science literacy abilities. It can be concluded that there is a significant interaction between students’ science literacy skill and grade level.","PeriodicalId":33764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Mangifera Edu","volume":"260 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0