{"title":"William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) And Thermoelectricity","authors":"L. Anatychuk","doi":"10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336954,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121039616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kelvin In The Twenty-first Century","authors":"D. Saxon","doi":"10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/016","url":null,"abstract":"Aspects of Kelvin’s work that are a subject of study today are outlined focusing on five topics: The Kelvin (foam) problem, Kelvin Waves and their role in the El Nino phenomenon, the application of Stirling engines and the possibility of reliable earthquake prediction.","PeriodicalId":336954,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115317521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Universities of the Heat Engine","authors":"C. König, M. Collins, I. Ruddock","doi":"10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336954,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121158460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Honoured By Monuments","authors":"I. Ruddock","doi":"10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/022","url":null,"abstract":"The first major one to be erected was the statue in Belfast’s Botanic Gardens, dedicated in 1913 by fellow Ulster scientist, Sir Joseph Larmor MP [1], Figs 1 and 2 (left). Larmor was a most appropriate choice for guest of honour having also attended the Belfast Academical Institution in the mid-nineteenth century and been a strong opponent of Home Rule. This statue, near the rear of Queen’s University’s Department of Pure and Applied Physics, shows Kelvin standing beside a compass binnacle and holding a tablet, possibly representing his ‘green book’. The epitaph on the rear of the plinth could serve as a one sentence biography – ‘pre-eminent in elucidating the laws of nature and applying them to the service of man’.","PeriodicalId":336954,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125003271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The teaching of thermodynamics today","authors":"R. Bartlett, J. Kubie","doi":"10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/011","url":null,"abstract":"Although there are several robust theories of ‘thermodynamics’ operating very successfully over a range of different disciplines, for example, biology, chemistry, geoscience, quantum theory, astrophysics and numerous associated technologies, there are still no unifying foundations for this most important branch of science. Yet, most elementary thermodynamics is taught from an unjustifiable assumption of consistency and certainty. The current inconsistencies that permeate the science community’s thinking about ‘heat’ first appear at the time of Kelvin. This chapter traces some of the early attempts to formulate a theory of ‘heat’ and indicates a way in which we can improve our approach to the teaching of elementary thermodynamics by attempting to empathise with Kelvin’s perspective.","PeriodicalId":336954,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124159535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Honoured By Banknotes","authors":"I. Ruddock, A. Whitaker, M. Collins","doi":"10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/017","url":null,"abstract":"A frequent theme of a nation’s paper currency is the honouring of its past distinguished citizens. Usually, the paper money also features the areas of their achievements. The UK, unique in having no less than eight banks issuing paper money, is no exception. Kelvin has been so honoured over a period of some 30 years by Scotland’s Clydesdale Bank and currently the Bank of England commemorates Boulton and Watt. Another theme of banknotes is significant architecture, and the University of Glasgow, Queen’s University, Belfast and King’s College, Aberdeen (now the University of Aberdeen) have all featured over long periods of time. In this concluding chapter all the above are discussed, the dominant emphasis being on Kelvin himself.","PeriodicalId":336954,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134543873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Entropy as thermal charge: an application of bond graphs inspired by Carnot and his cycle","authors":"J. Thoma, G. Mocellin","doi":"10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/012","url":null,"abstract":"A precursor of Lord Kelvin (1824–1907), he also discovered towards the end of his life the first law of thermodynamics, that of the conservation of energy, as shown in his posthumous articles published in 1878. This principle was rediscovered and stated in 1842 by Mayer (1814–1878) following in the footsteps of Clapeyron who had already published his ‘Memoir on the Motive Power of Heat’ in 1834, in which he developed the ideas of Carnot who had died 2 years before.","PeriodicalId":336954,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125513014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kelvin, Maxwell, Clausius And Tait: The Correspondence Of James Clerk Maxwell","authors":"R. C. Dougal","doi":"10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336954,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128859300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sir William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs and the Institution of Engineering and Technology","authors":"S. Hale","doi":"10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/006","url":null,"abstract":"Sir William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs, was a member of the Society of Telegraph Engineers and the Institution of Electrical Engineers (the precursors of the current Institution of Engineering and Technology) for 36 years. Elected as the President three times, Lord Kelvin’s involvement with the institution has had a lasting effect on the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). His bust (Fig. 1) is displayed at the IET’s London headquarters at Savoy Place and his portrait hangs in the lecture theatre alongside those of other engineering luminaries such as Alessandro Volta and Michael Faraday. Every year, the IET also hosts a lecture in memory of Kelvin. This chapter will explore the background to the IET, the history of Kelvin’s relationship with the Institution and the impact that he had upon the Institution as a whole.","PeriodicalId":336954,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126821498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The emergence and evolution of the Second Law of Thermodynamics","authors":"D. Wilkie, R. C. Dougal, M. Collins, A. Whitaker","doi":"10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/010","url":null,"abstract":"The results of measurements on thermal properties of common substances provided a backdrop to the successful development of heat engines in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Early in the nineteenth century, Carnot’s theory of an idealised heat engine provided the stimulus to the ongoing studies, both practical and theoretical, of the properties of materials and of mechanical and thermal processes. By mid-century, the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics had been established, in various equivalent forms. These clarified the role of energy and its transformations and led to the introduction of a new thermodynamic function, entropy, to complement energy and, from its thermodynamic properties, to clarify the limitations imposed by the Second Law. The understanding of thermal properties of matter from the laws and techniques of classical thermodynamics was enhanced by the introduction of and alignment with statistical thermodynamics. This provided an understanding of properties of assemblies of large numbers of molecules by incorporating the rules of probability theory, leading to a statistical interpretation of entropy. A merger with the well-known laws and processes of chemistry led to substantial advances in chemical thermodynamics, permitting an insightful subsequent reassessment of thermodynamics as a whole.","PeriodicalId":336954,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130661374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}