Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Mark Hallett: scientist and humanitarian in modern movement disorder neurology","authors":"Daniel Truong,&nbsp;Joseph Jankovic","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mark Hallett, MD (1943–2025) was a highly influential neurologist in the modern history of movement disorders. Over several decades, his work transformed the field from a predominantly descriptive clinical specialty into a neuroscientific discipline. Through pioneering investigations in neurophysiology, cortical excitability, dystonia, tremors, myoclonus, functional movement disorders, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, Hallett helped establish conceptual frameworks that continue to shape contemporary research and clinical practice. Beyond his scientific contributions, he is recognized as a global mentor and educational ambassador whose influence extended across generations of neurologists and neuroscientists worldwide. This article examines Hallett's dual legacy as both a transformative scientist and an academic humanitarian whose career exemplifies the integration of scientific rigor, international collaboration, and humanistic mentorship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13315769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractory gastrointestinal symptoms improved with transition to continuous subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease","authors":"Hanouf Aljuaid,&nbsp;Surabhi Garg,&nbsp;Gabriel Amorelli","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100478","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on acute levodopa responsiveness in Parkinson's disease: A Multicenter retrospective study","authors":"Olga Stockmann,&nbsp;Lan Ye,&nbsp;Carsten Buhmann,&nbsp;Fabian Maass,&nbsp;Christoph van Riesen,&nbsp;Christiane Weinrich,&nbsp;Florian Wegner,&nbsp;Matthias Höllerhage,&nbsp;Monika Pötter-Nerger,&nbsp;Martin Klietz","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common comorbidity in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may influence the progression and dopaminergic function, suggesting a potential impact on levodopa responsiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the impact of T2DM status on levodopa responsiveness in an acute levodopa challenge in PD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed the total and subdomain motor responses in the acute levodopa challenge in 136 PD patients with normal glycemic status, prediabetes, or T2DM across three German centers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Levodopa responsiveness did not differ significantly among the three glycemic groups. The only between-group difference was more severe rest tremor in T2DM patients in the OFF state, which was no longer present in the ON state due to greater levodopa-induced improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>An acute levodopa challenge remained similarly effective across glycemic groups in PD, suggesting that T2DM does not substantially modify acute dopaminergic treatment response. Future studies should also evaluate chronic response to levodopa across different glycemic statuses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149003914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of opicapone in the elderly and very elderly population: an analysis of reported events in a global safety database","authors":"Taku Hatano,&nbsp;Peter A. LeWitt,&nbsp;Tetsuya Maeda,&nbsp;Javier Pagonabarraga Mora,&nbsp;Bruno F. Dias,&nbsp;Helena C. Brigas,&nbsp;Diogo Lopes,&nbsp;Helena Gama,&nbsp;Joerg Holenz","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Older people with Parkinson's disease (PD) are under-represented in clinical trials despite increasing disease burden and complexity. Although opicapone is approved as an adjunct to levodopa, data in elderly populations are limited. This study assessed its real-world safety in the elderly using post-marketing pharmacovigilance data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective analysis used the global opicapone safety database (data-lock: 31 Jan 2026). Valid case safety reports with opicapone as the suspected product were included and classified as elderly (≥65–84 years) or very elderly (≥85 years). Adverse events were analyzed descriptively by system organ class, preferred term, and seriousness. Non-standard use and treatment actions were also assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 2914 analyzed cases (2558 elderly; 356 very elderly), 7195 adverse events were reported. Most reported events were non-serious (81.4% of events in elderly cases; 73.5% in very elderly cases). Dyskinesia was the most frequently reported event in both groups (7.1%–7.7% of events), followed by hallucination and visual hallucination (all &lt;5% of events). Serious events accounted for a greater proportion of reported events in the very elderly versus elderly group (26.5% vs 18.6%), although no individual preferred term exceeded 5%. Non-standard use accounted for 6.0% and 3.5% of reported events in the very elderly and elderly groups, respectively, and included altered administration and off-label indications. Treatment was discontinued in approximately half of cases in both groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Reported adverse event patterns were generally consistent with the established safety profile of opicapone across both age groups. No unexpected reporting patterns were observed; however, findings should be interpreted within the limitations of spontaneous pharmacovigilance data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149003917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parkinsonism-dystonia syndrome due to a PARK7 gene mutation","authors":"Alexander Calvano ,&nbsp;Dilara Bingoel ,&nbsp;Laura Beccaria ,&nbsp;Fabian Bodlee ,&nbsp;Lars Timmermann ,&nbsp;Natalia Kurka ,&nbsp;David J. Pedrosa","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We describe a young woman with a novel homozygous PARK7 mutation causing an early-onset and progressive parkinsonism-dystonia syndrome with poor dopaminergic response. Clinical heterogeneity among homozygous mutation carriers emphasises that molecular characterisation of novel variants and detailed phenotyping remain indispensable for enhancing early diagnosis and the understanding of the multifaceted role of DJ1 in the context of neurodegeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor function, depression, and cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Wenming Lu ,&nbsp;Longxiang Yan ,&nbsp;Chuangguo Li,&nbsp;Kai Wang,&nbsp;Qijing Wang,&nbsp;Sisi Xu,&nbsp;Benguo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100422","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with a high prevalence worldwide, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. Moreover, PD presents a progressive aggravation alongside time, the middle and late patients in PD requires the use of a variety of anti-Parkinson’s drugs with obvious side effects, which bring serious impact on the quality of life of patients. In recent years, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), as a kind of non-invasive neuromodulation therapy, has drawn increasing interest from neurologists, and has been effectively utilized to alleviate both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. However, the treatment protocols and therapeutic effects of rTMS for PD patients are inconsistent. This meta-analysis aims to systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of rTMS therapy in patients with PD.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We will perform a comprehensive search in the following electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane, without language restrictions, from their inception to September 2024. This review protocol was formulated according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. The Cochrane risk of bias tool is utilized to assess the risk of bias. Finally, the effect size was expressed by a standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 45 randomized controlled trials were included. The results of enrolled studies indicated that both primary and secondary indicators had improved. Subgroup analysis showed that high-frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS) targeting the supplementary motor area (SMD =  − 0.56; 95 %CI = [−0.77, −0.36]; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.00001), primary motor cortex (SMD: −1.65; 95 %CI = [−2.35, −0.95]; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.00001), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (SMD: −0.68; 95 %CI = [−1.16, −0.21]; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.005) yielded a significant reduction in motor UPDRS-III scores, compared to the sham group. In addition, HF‐rTMS over left DLPFC or intermittent theta burst stimulation over left DLPFC may benefit cognition. Furtherly, the subgroup analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory scores indicated HF-rTMS over the left DLPFC was a beneficial treatment for depressive symptoms in PD.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The meta-analysis showed that rTMS was effective and safe in the treatment of PD, improving motor function (such as a decrease in UPDRS-III total scores, subscores of UPDRS-III, and FOG-Q scores) in patients with PD and leading to improvement in cognitive function and depression (such as an increase in MocA scores and a decrease BDI scores). Although the results of the subgroup analysis provide a valuable reference for the selection of rTMS for clinical application, further larger multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled studies with a large number of participants ","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful use of continuous subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa in Parkinson's disease with bipolar disorder without psychiatric destabilization","authors":"Joanna Siuda,&nbsp;Justyna Gawryluk,&nbsp;Amelia Krupczak,&nbsp;Mateusz Toś","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a patient with advanced Parkinson's disease and treatment-resistant bipolar disorder in whom continuous subcutaneous foslevodopa/foscarbidopa infusion improved motor fluctuations without psychiatric destabilization despite prior dopaminergic sensitivity. This case suggests that LDp/CDp may be a therapeutic option even in patients with bipolar disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior cerebellar degeneration associates with executive dysfunction in multiple system atrophy: a voxel-based and atlas-based morphometric study","authors":"Yoko Taniguchi,&nbsp;Yuto Uchida,&nbsp;Keita Sakurai,&nbsp;Haruto Shibata,&nbsp;Hiroyasu Inoue,&nbsp;Yuta Madokoro,&nbsp;Toyohiro Sato,&nbsp;Teppei Fujioka,&nbsp;Masayuki Mizuno,&nbsp;Masahiro Oomura,&nbsp;Kenichi Oishi,&nbsp;Noriyuki Matsukawa","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Executive dysfunction is frequently observed in multiple system atrophy (MSA), yet its neuroanatomical substrates remain incompletely characterized. Emerging evidence suggests that the cerebellum contributes to higher cognitive functions beyond motor control.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate structural cerebellar alterations associated with executive dysfunction in patients with MSA using complementary voxel-based and atlas-based morphometric analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this case–control study, 27 patients with clinically established MSA and 19 age-matched healthy controls underwent 3D T1-weighted MRI. Voxel-based morphometry and subsequent atlas-based cerebellar volumetry were performed to identify regional brain volume differences between groups, adjusting for age, sex, total intracranial volume, and MSA clinical subtype (MSA-P vs. MSA-C). Executive function was assessed with the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Partial correlations between regional cerebellar volumes and FAB scores were examined within the MSA group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with healthy controls, patients with MSA showed significant gray matter volume reductions in the bilateral putamen and cerebellar cortex, as well as white matter reductions extending from the brainstem to the middle cerebellar peduncles. Atlas-based analyses demonstrated reduced normalized volumes in bilateral cerebellar white matter and left vermian VIIIA, whereas larger volumes were observed in bilateral vermian Crus II and left lobule IV. Within the MSA group, FAB scores showed nominal positive associations with left VIIIB, bilateral VIIIA, and right vermis IX volumes, without surviving multiple-comparison correction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Posterior cerebellar degeneration may be related to executive dysfunction in MSA. These exploratory findings warrant validation in larger longitudinal studies with detailed cognitive and motor assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A machine learning pipeline identifies non-motor symptoms as key contributors to sarcopenia in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Minkyeong Kim,&nbsp;Myung Jun Lee,&nbsp;Dahun Kim,&nbsp;Dukjoong Kim,&nbsp;Seoung Hyeon Je,&nbsp;Soo-Kyoung Kim,&nbsp;Heeyoung Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Sarcopenia, characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and physical function, is more prevalent among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and is linked to poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate clinical features associated with sarcopenia in PD, which was further validated using a two-stage modeling pipeline.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Clinical and demographic data were collected and compared between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups. The dataset was split into a training and a hold-out test set (70:30). Following an initial variable screening in the training set based on clinical judgment and inter-variable correlations, a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was applied to identify six key predictors. These variables were then used to train a logistic regression model selected based on the highest Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) in stratified cross-validation. Finally, the model was evaluated on the independent hold-out test set.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients with PD and sarcopenia exhibited longer disease duration, higher Hoehn and Yahr stages, and a greater non-motor burden. The final logistic regression model revealed that body mass index, body fat ratio, and non-motor features including cognitive decline, autonomic dysfunction, fatigue, and mood disturbance were the most influential variables. The model achieved an AUROC of 0.793, recall of 0.500, and specificity of 0.902.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients with PD and sarcopenia exhibit distinct clinical characteristics defined by both anthropometric and non-motor features. These findings suggest that a comprehensive clinical assessment may be warranted for the early identification of sarcopenia in PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated eye-tracking for Parkinson's disease diagnosis: a proof-of-concept cascade classifier study","authors":"J. Michael Menke,&nbsp;Sana Aslam,&nbsp;Hector Rieiro,&nbsp;Ron Waldorf,&nbsp;Holly A. Shill","doi":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prdoa.2026.100509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of increasing prevalence, with diagnostic accuracy of approximately 26% in early symptomatic patients. There is a need for accurate, non-invasive biomarkers to aid in disease diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This proof-of-concept study enrolled 90 participants (PD <em>n</em> = 30, other movement disorders [OM] <em>n</em> = 30, healthy controls [HC] <em>n</em> = 30) at a single institution. Participants completed two 10-min eye- tracking sessions using the SaccadeDX™ 250-Hz binocular system. A two-level cascade classifier was fitted using elastic-net feature selection followed by logistic regression on the selected features, validated by 10-fold cross-validation. The cascade distinguished HC from movement disorders (Level 1) and PD from OM (Level 2), with the objective of establishing clinical validity — that an eye-tracking signal correlates reliably with PD diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Level 1 achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.818 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.91), with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 63%. Level 2 achieved an AUC of 0.670 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.80), with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 63%. As a proof-of-concept study, the observed performance positions the device as an adjunctive screening tool. Diagnostic discrimination can only be achieved through a much larger Phase III study. Five adverse events were recorded (three cases of dizziness, one of nausea, and one of dry eyes); one participant withdrew from the study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Preliminary evidence supports clinical validity pending confirmatory Phase III study: reproducible eye-tracking signal for PD is detectable using a two-level cascade classifier. A multi-center confirmatory study is warranted before assessment of clinical utility.</div><div>Trial registration. <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> <span><span>NCT04925622</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33691,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Parkinsonism Related Disorders","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149159030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}