Health and Ecology Issues最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the implementation of screening programs for early detection of breast and cervical cancer in the Gomel region","authors":"V. S. Volchek, T. Sharshakova, V. N. Belyakovsky, D. M. Los, L. P. Zaitsava","doi":"10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-2-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-2-12","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the indicators of screening programs for early detection of breast and cervical cancer in the Gomel region.Materials and methods. A total of 7,611 first-time detected cases of breast cancer and 1,370 cases of cervical cancer in the Gomel region were analyzed for the period 2012-2022 (according to Belarusian Cancer Registry). The results of examination of 105130 participants of the screening program for early detection of breast cancer and 70258 participants of the screening program for early detection of cervical cancer were analyzed.Results. During the period 2017-2022, due to screening, 12% of cases of breast cancer were detected from the total number of newly diagnosed malignant breast pathologies. From 2018 to 2022, the proportion of newly detected cases of cervical cancer within the screening program increased from 0.83% to 2.61%, which indicates that the introduction of the screening program contributes to an increase in the detection of precancerous conditions of the cervix.Conclusions. The screening program for breast cancer and cervical cancer has shown its effectiveness in detecting new cases of malignant neoplasms of these localizations. An important result of the screening conducted in the Gomel region is the fact that the observed trend towards a decrease in the detection of breast cancer and cervical cancer in the early stages does not give any cause for optimism, as this is evidence of a deterioration in the structure of the detected pathology.","PeriodicalId":336889,"journal":{"name":"Health and Ecology Issues","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124933921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral-bacterial pneumonia in COVID-19: clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients and a spectrum of bacterial pathogens","authors":"K. Levchenko, V. Bondarenko, V. Mitsura, D. Tapalski","doi":"10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-2-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-2-04","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the clinical and laboratory data of patients with viral-bacterial pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2, to evaluate the spectrum of bacterial causative agents and their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.Materials and methods. 50 cases of viral-bacterial pneumonia associated with the COVID-19 infection were analyzed. The gender-age structure of patients, clinical and laboratory data, degree of disease severity and concomitant diseases were studied. Microbiological examination of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed by bacteriological method using an automatic microbiological analyzer. Identification of the selected cultures and the determination of their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs were provided.Results. The average age of the patients in the studied group was 71,1 ± 14,8 years. 90% of patients had concomitant diseases, mainly of cardiovascular system. The secondary bacterial infection was diagnosed on 13,0 ± 5,0 day from the disease onset and was characterized by bilateral lung lesions. The most common etiological factors of bacterial pneumonia were the microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family — 37%, Staphylococcus aureus — 23% and Acinetobacter baumannii — 13%. The isolated strains were characterized by drug resistance to aminopenicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and carbapenems.Conclusion. The high level of resistance of bacterial pneumonia causative agents isolated from patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection to antimicrobial drugs requires wider use of reserve drugs and implementation of other treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":336889,"journal":{"name":"Health and Ecology Issues","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124336374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic rationale for the use of photocatalysis for the determination of chemical oxygen demand of various types of waters","authors":"D. Tsymbal","doi":"10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-2-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-2-14","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To evaluate the economic efficiency of the photocatalytic method of oxidation of organic substances in the framework of laboratory analysis.Materials and methods. Standard statistical methodsResults. The high economic feasibility of using photocatalysis to determine chemical oxygen demand (COD) has been demonstrated.Conclusion. The use of the photocatalytic method for determining COD seems economically justified and promising.","PeriodicalId":336889,"journal":{"name":"Health and Ecology Issues","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134223165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of treatment of morphea associated with metabolic syndrome","authors":"L. A. Paroshyna","doi":"10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-2-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-2-08","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the efficacy of statins in the treatment of morphea in patients with metabolic syndrome and to study the dynamics of inflammatory markers on the background of atorvastatin use.Materials and methods. Atorvastatin at a dose of 20 mg per day was included in the treatment of patients with morphea asociated with metabolic syndrome. Clinical efficacy was evaluated after 3, 6, and 9–12 months on the basis of the dynamics of the modified localized scleroderma skin severity index mLoSSI, changes of laboratory markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)), which was evaluated in 27 patients.Results. In patients whose treatment complex included atorvastatin, there was a persistent clinical improvement, which was manifested in a more pronounced decrease in the modified severity index of morphea mLoSSI relative to the control group after 6, 9-12 months of taking the drug, a marked decrease in the number of recurrences of the disease. When taking atorvastatin in patients with morphea with concomitant metabolic syndrome, there was a statistically significant decrease in the levels of inflammatory markers: CRP and TNF-alpha (p < 0.05).Conclusion. The use of Atorvastatin at a dose of 20 mg per day in patients with limited scleroderma in combination with metabolic syndrome showed pronounced clinical efficacy, reduced the number of recurrences of the disease. There was a decrease in the levels of proinflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-alpha) when taking atorvastatin in patients with morphea associated with metabolic syndrome. The use of atorvastatin in patients with morphea and concomitant metabolic syndrome is effective in preventing relapses of morphea, reducing its severity.","PeriodicalId":336889,"journal":{"name":"Health and Ecology Issues","volume":"2 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114105122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of pathogen identification for urinary tract infection and Helicobacter pylori infection in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","authors":"M. Rusalenko, M. Wisham, T. V. Konovalova, L. Lischenko, I. Savasteeva, N. I. Shevchenko","doi":"10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-2-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-2-05","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The aim of this study was to understand the significance of pathogen identification for Urinary tract infection and Helicobacter pylori infection in Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 patients.Materials and methods. The study was conducted among 1749 patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Using microbiological techniques, the frequency of urinary tract infection was identified and the aetiology and sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs were assessed. Data collected on Helicobacter pylori infection were verified through PCR tests on biopsies collected from the gastric mucosa.Results. The study showed that urinary tract infection has a high incidence rate with 58.3% of cases from Type 1 diabetes mellitus, and in 47.2% of cases from Type 2 diabetes. Pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the main causative agents of urinary tract infections. Helicobacter pylori infection was common in DM and more in cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at 27.1%, compared to cases in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at 22.8%. Also 5.9 % cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus had combined Helicobacter pylori and urinary tract infections.Conclusion. The study showed the significance in identification of urinary tract infections and Helicobacter pylori infections in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and especially significant for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.","PeriodicalId":336889,"journal":{"name":"Health and Ecology Issues","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115156690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of blood cortisol levels in patients with diabetic foot syndrome","authors":"Zh. L. Stavchikov, I. V. Zinovkin, A. Marochkov","doi":"10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-2-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-2-06","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study blood cortisol level in patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS), to analyze the possibility of using cortisol level as a biochemical criterion of diagnosis and severity of DFS.Materials and methods. A non-randomized study was performed on 59 patients, who were divided into two groups: patients with the 3rd degree deforming arthritis of the knee joint without a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) and patients with DFS. Venous blood was collected on an empty stomach to determine the levels of cortisol, C-reactive protein, glycated hemoglobin, total protein, and hemoglobin.Results. Our data demonstrated that the blood cortisol level was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.05) and higher than normal in the experimental group of patients with DFS (701.69 (626.44; 904.63) nmol/L) when compared with the control group of patients with 3rd degree deforming knee joint arthrosis without a history of DM (423.7 (326.5; 516.20) nmol/L). Blood cortisol levels in patients with DFS decreased statistically significantly in 5 days after the treatment and was 382.26 nmol/L. Body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.946; p < 0.01) correlated with blood cortisol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and with a complication of DFS. In patients with DFS, determination of blood cortisol content has the greatest diagnostic value as a biochemical criterion of DFS compared with other studied parameters (AUC, 0.915; p = 0.037). Cortisol content in patients with DFS gradually increases with the increase in the classification category of the University of Texas.Conclusion. Determining the level of cortisol in blood can be useful in the diagnosis of DFS, as well as to determine the degree of soft tissue damage of the lower extremities.","PeriodicalId":336889,"journal":{"name":"Health and Ecology Issues","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133001631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early clinical manifestations of dissecting aneurysm of the thoracic aorta and the importance of their role for the timely diagnosis of the disease","authors":"N. G. Kadochkina, A. Pronevich","doi":"10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-1-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-1-16","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a clinical case of dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm. The first clinical manifestations were typical symptoms of the disease. Timely diagnosis and treatment are particularly important to prevent a fatal outcome. Late diagnosis may be related also to the lack of doctors’ caution with regard to dissecting aortic aneurysm.","PeriodicalId":336889,"journal":{"name":"Health and Ecology Issues","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117322941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of employability in patients with breast cancer with a completely unfavorable clinical-labor prognosis","authors":"V. Smychek, P. A. Ilyukhin, E. G. Slipchenko, L. Titova","doi":"10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-1-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-1-13","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To develop objective criteria applicable in the practice of medical and social expertise when assessing the employability of patients suffering from breast cancer with absolutely life-threatening clinical and labor prognosis.Materials and methods. In order to realize our aims we conducted a retrospective study of 37 female patients of employable age with malignant neoplasms of the breast, who at examination (primary or repeated) in medical and rehabilitation expert commissions (MREC) were assigned the first disability group due to absolutely unfavorable clinical and labor prognosis in respect of life in the nearest future. Inclusion criteria were morphologically confirmed breast cancer, absolutely unfavorable clinical and clinical and labor prognosis. Exclusion criteria were synchronous and metachronous cancer, presence of significant concomitant pathology.Results. The results of the study showed that it is reasonable to use quantitative values of the Karnovsky index and ECOG scale as the simplest and the most universal criteria for evaluation of the general somatic status of a patient when examining patients with breast cancer with absolutely unfavorable prognosis at MREC. During the study, the quantitative values of the given indicators correlating with the degree of severity of disability to labor activity are determined: at the values of the Karnovsky index 60 points and more, the ECOG status 2-3, a reliable correlation (τ = 0,51, p < 0,001) with severely limited ability to work (АС 4) is revealed. As a result of the study, it was demonstrated that disabled individuals of the first group can be recognized as able-bodied with limitations only with higher values of these scales, taking into account harmful and dangerous production factors, as well as class of working conditions.Conclusion. We found that when assessing the degree of severity of limitations to the ability to work in the disabled people of the first group with absolutely unfavorable clinical and labor prognosis, it is reasonable to be guided by the generally accepted scales of assessment of the general condition of a cancer patient (Karnovsky index, ECOG scale), taking into account the existing harmful and/or dangerous production factors, as well as the working conditions class. ","PeriodicalId":336889,"journal":{"name":"Health and Ecology Issues","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131022084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of groups of residents in contaminated territories homogeneous in the external exposure dose by a set of informative factors-signs","authors":"D. B. Kulikovich, N. Vlasova","doi":"10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-1-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-1-15","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. On the basis of the regularities established earlier, to identify professionally and socially oriented, homogeneous by external exposure dose, groups of residents living in the contaminated with radionuclides territories according to the set of informative factor-signs.Materials and methods. The present study is a continuation of the research of factors influencing external radiation dose formation in individuals living in areas contaminated with radionuclides. The data on external radiation doses for 25503 residents of Gomel region living in 289 settlements obtained by individual dosimetric control and the previously identified factors which statistically justify the external radiation dose formation were included in the study.Results. Analysis of external exposure doses of Gomel region residents according to the set of informative factor-signs revealed that there is a wide dispersion of doses among different social groups which allowed to form professionally and socially oriented homogeneous groups according to external exposure dose taking into account dose forming factors revealed earlier. The results of the study statistically demonstrate that informative factor-signs: professional employment, age and gender affiliation together influence individual external exposure dose formation.Conclusion. Professional homogeneous groups of different social groups were formed based on a set of informative factor-signs which determine its formation in individuals living in areas contaminated with radionuclides. This will become the basis for developing the method of reconstruction and prognosis of individualized external exposure dose in the future. ","PeriodicalId":336889,"journal":{"name":"Health and Ecology Issues","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131318052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insurance medicine in Belarus in the first third of the twentieth century","authors":"M. Kaplieva, A. Kapliyev","doi":"10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-1-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2023-20-1-14","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To characterize the process of development of insurance medicine in Belarus in the first third of the twentieth century.Materials and methods. Archival, periodical and narrative sources processed using general scientific and special historical research methods.Results. Insurance medicine in Belarus originated in the early twentieth century in the form of hospital sick funds, which provided medical care to workers in case of illness, but was actually destroyed during the First World War. In Soviet Belarus the development of insurance medicine began during a period of massive reduction in healthcare funding associated with the New Economic Policy. In fact, insurance medicine became only a financial donor to the People’s Commissariat for Healthcare, but it was not distinguished as an independent branch, which was typical for the pre-revolutionary period, so the principle of unity of Soviet medicine was preserved. A characteristic feature of the studied period was the small social coverage of medical insurance, which applied only to workers and employees, who constituted a small part of the population of Soviet Belarus, where the rural population was greatly dominated.Conclusion. Despite the successful experience of organizing insurance medicine, it was only a temporary measure to maintain the resources of unified Soviet state medicine and in reality covered an extremely small percentage of the population, so after the crisis in health care was overcome it was abolished.","PeriodicalId":336889,"journal":{"name":"Health and Ecology Issues","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127662482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}