Mark Axelrod , Meghan Vona , Julia Novak Colwell , Kafayat Fakoya , Shyam S. Salim , D.G. Webster , Maricela de la Torre-Castro
{"title":"Understanding gender intersectionality for more robust ocean science","authors":"Mark Axelrod , Meghan Vona , Julia Novak Colwell , Kafayat Fakoya , Shyam S. Salim , D.G. Webster , Maricela de la Torre-Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The UN Decade of Ocean Science (UNDOS) aims to: “Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions for equitable and sustainable development of the ocean economy under changing environmental, social and climate conditions.” Changing conditions affect certain groups more than others, depending on exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Gendered differentiation has been studied in small scale coastal fisheries. However, this approach is often limited to male-female gender dichotomies. In contrast, the present analysis takes a more expansive approach centered around the concept of intersectionality, to demonstrate more nuanced differences in terms of individuals’ access to resources for adaptation. We build on multiple Earth System Governance contextual conditions and research lenses to demonstrate that an intersectional approach allows greater understanding of gendered adaptation options impacted by various other factors. This must include investigations beyond the traditional gender binary, which we have sought to achieve in this study by using broader local and individualistic context to observe different communities. We compare gender intersectionality in case studies from India and Tanzania. The evidence demonstrates that intersectional factors vary, impacting adaptiveness to changing Anthropocene conditions, depending upon cross-cutting context-specific systems of hierarchy and discrimination. However, despite variation, we demonstrate there are common factors to be investigated across all locations when identifying possible intersectional impacts of ocean policy interventions, particularly wealth, marriage and family roles, and social networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33685,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Governance","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589811622000179/pdfft?md5=5ca2b60c09ada5ea5faafca4cff529db&pid=1-s2.0-S2589811622000179-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48216481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A preliminary framework for understanding the governance of novel environmental technologies: Ambiguity, indeterminateness and drift","authors":"Florian Rabitz , Marian Feist , Matthias Honegger , Joshua Horton , Sikina Jinnah , Jesse Reynolds","doi":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose a conceptual framework to explain why some technologies are more difficult to govern than others in global environmental governance. We start from the observation that some technologies pose transboundary environmental risks, some provide capacities for managing such risks, and some do both. For “ambiguous” technologies, potential risks and risk management capacities are uncertain, unknown or even unknowable. Governance systems are indeterminate towards ambiguous technologies, as existing norms, rules, scripts and routines do not imply default solutions under institutional focal points. Indeterminateness can lead to institutional drift, with risks accordingly remaining unmitigated and risk management capacities remaining unexploited. We use the cases of solar geoengineering, gene drive systems and bioinformatics for illustrating this framework. As technological ambiguity may often be irresolvable, we conclude that it might force us to confront the limits to anticipatory global decision-making on matters of long-term environmental sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33685,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Governance","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100134"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589811622000039/pdfft?md5=8d7d415d0745ba7b2611edc43960004c&pid=1-s2.0-S2589811622000039-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42997344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arrays and algorithms: Emerging regimes of dispossession at the frontiers of agrarian technological governance","authors":"Ryan Stock , Maaz Gardezi","doi":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emerging technologies in food and energy systems present unique problems of resource governance. Here, we present distinct case studies to examine two emerging technologies in energy and food systems; solar parks in India and precision agriculture technologies in the US. We ask the following question: How do existing modes of governance of new and emerging technologies create physical and virtual dispossessionary enclosures for rural producers? We argue that emerging technologies for sustainability in energy and food systems present unique problems of resource governance, insofar as the neoliberal state enables energy and agritech firm hegemony at the expense of local producers. Albeit unevenly, such technological interventions have brought some social and environmental benefits to people and the environment. However, we contend that the constellation of institutions, policies and regulatory approaches that govern these technologies in agrarian spaces constitute regimes of dispossession—socially and historically specific political apparatuses for coercively redistributing resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33685,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Governance","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589811622000064/pdfft?md5=9f8a8a218af397b7122dfc16b6e581d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2589811622000064-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44655389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The national development plans after the SDGs: Steering implications of the global goals towards national development planning","authors":"Mahesti Okitasari , Tarek Katramiz","doi":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article seeks to understand how the nationalization of the SDGs exercises affects NDPs. Drawing on theories of norm localization, it examines NDPs and visions of five countries to see how the SDGs as normative tools shift or steer a pre-existing alignment between global and domestic norms. Our study finds that the SDGs offer alternatives to traditional normative frameworks, but they have not fundamentally changed the state's dominant development paradigm. The SDGs have created a flexible space for norm translation through technical communication and approaches that appeal to the domestic discourse. Our study shows the dynamics of norm localization and flexibility provided by the SDGs as they interact with domestic norms and the state's sovereignty in creating space for sustainable development. This article contributes to the literature on the steering impacts of global goals in shaping national development planning and domestic policy choices through the identification of norm localization occurrences in NDPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33685,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Governance","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100136"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589811622000052/pdfft?md5=2a856ad2a98bf2af0b29baf08eb05fb9&pid=1-s2.0-S2589811622000052-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43966861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harriet Harden-Davies , Diva J. Amon , Marjo Vierros , Nicholas J. Bax , Quentin Hanich , Jeremy M. Hills , Maila Guilhon , Kirsty A. McQuaid , Essam Mohammed , Angelique Pouponneau , Katherine L. Seto , Kerry Sink , Sheena Talma , Lucy Woodall
{"title":"Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements","authors":"Harriet Harden-Davies , Diva J. Amon , Marjo Vierros , Nicholas J. Bax , Quentin Hanich , Jeremy M. Hills , Maila Guilhon , Kirsty A. McQuaid , Essam Mohammed , Angelique Pouponneau , Katherine L. Seto , Kerry Sink , Sheena Talma , Lucy Woodall","doi":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Capacity development is a major priority in the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (the Decade). Persistent disparities in ocean science capacity illustrate the substantial challenges to achieving the Decade's stated goal of eradicating inequality. We argue that a new conversation about capacity development is essential for the success of the Decade and beyond. We question the meaning, motivations, pathways and measurement of capacity development at this critical juncture. While we do not propose a single answer to these context- and situation-specific questions, we do recognize that the lack of accepted, or even defined, approaches to capacity development, its initiation, leadership, desired outcomes, implementation, and evaluation is failing the global ocean community. Explicit focus and reflection on the power of discourses, definitions, positionality, and perspectives has the potential to greatly improve the experience and outcomes of capacity development programs. This Perspective seeks to stimulate reflection and action to seize the substantial opportunity presented by the Decade to facilitate capacity development solutions toward a more equitable world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33685,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Governance","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589811622000076/pdfft?md5=befb28c38dad47a443e423d48b29c9ad&pid=1-s2.0-S2589811622000076-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48775668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mari R. Tye , Olga V. Wilhelmi , Andrea L. Pierce , Saloni Sharma , Iuliana Nichersu , Michał Wróblewski , Wojciech Goszczyński , Jochen Wendel , Pia Laborgne , Monika Heyder , Iulian Nichersu
{"title":"The food water energy nexus in an urban context: Connecting theory and practice for nexus governance","authors":"Mari R. Tye , Olga V. Wilhelmi , Andrea L. Pierce , Saloni Sharma , Iuliana Nichersu , Michał Wróblewski , Wojciech Goszczyński , Jochen Wendel , Pia Laborgne , Monika Heyder , Iulian Nichersu","doi":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing body of literature on the Food-Water-Energy (FWE) nexus during the last decade covers a variety of disciplinary perspectives and spatial scales. However, to date the urban FWE nexus has received less attention. In this paper, we review the FWE nexus literature with the focus on urban scale and identify gaps in the scholarly knowledge base with regard to practical applications for the FWE nexus governance in cities. Our findings suggest that there is still a mismatch between theoretical nexus governance and community perceptions. Successful governance is an iterative process, necessitating stakeholder input, reflection and response. While research developing the body of urban FWE governance knowledge has increased rapidly, reflection on those results to unpack the nexus complexity and support different governance actors is still limited.</p><p>We discuss an approach for making the FWE nexus connections more visible and practical by focusing on the urban governance actors and illustrating the intersecting interests and concerns of different actors within the food, water, and energy systems. Mapping the urban governance actors to the sub-elements of the FWE systems highlights common connections and overlapping interests, paving the road toward more integrated governance and participatory solutions. Identifying the tangible and intangible connections among governance actors also helps to reduce the ambiguity of the FWE nexus, and facilitates multi-stakeholder knowledge, data or resources sharing. The resultant approach aims to disaggregate the complexity of the FWE nexus and make its governance more attainable in cities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33685,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Governance","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100143"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258981162200012X/pdfft?md5=7a50962223a2b2b35ab206b107d480f8&pid=1-s2.0-S258981162200012X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48436226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mainstreaming Earth System Governance into the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development","authors":"Benjamin Hofmann","doi":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objectives and challenges of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development stress the need to generate new knowledge about ocean problems, involve multiple stakeholders, and develop solutions for sustainable ocean development. In this perspective article, I argue that Earth System Governance (ESG) research could contribute significantly to addressing these needs. First, it can identify salient frames for ocean problems that trigger policy action. Second, it can inform stakeholder involvement by mapping powerful and marginalized interests and suggesting pathways towards more inclusive participation. Third, it can support viable and effective ocean solutions based on insights into political support coalitions and governance design. To make these contributions, ESG needs to be mainstreamed into ocean science. Governance researchers can facilitate mainstreaming by (i) greater knowledge cumulation around ocean issues, (ii) stronger engagement with frameworks of actionable knowledge production, and (iii) proactive integration into inter- and transdisciplinary ocean research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33685,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Governance","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589811622000088/pdfft?md5=4d5964ed875e62440e2c96c70fa11cbd&pid=1-s2.0-S2589811622000088-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41501818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren Drakopulos , Elizabeth Havice , Lisa Campbell
{"title":"Architecture, agency and ocean data science initiatives: Data-driven transformation of oceans governance","authors":"Lauren Drakopulos , Elizabeth Havice , Lisa Campbell","doi":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The oceans are regarded as both relatively under-governed and understudied, especially at the global and regional scales. By mobilizing data with the express goal of improving oceans governance, ocean data science initiatives (ODSIs) are positioned to play a critical role in addressing and perhaps collapsing these gaps and to provide the “science we need for the ocean we want.” We argue that ODSIs are now critical oceans governance actors, to be examined as such. To this end, we have compiled a catalog of more than 150 global and regional ODSIs. Through a textual analysis of websites and public communications of a subset of these, we have created metadata about their practices. We examine ODSIs from the lens of three elements of Earth Systems Governance: normative frames, architecture and agency. ODSIs emerge from and evolve through, a range of institutional frameworks both inside and outside of formal policy forums, however, they are also transforming those frameworks through norms, institutions and practices which shape how data is valued, collected, organized, analyzed, and acted upon. As a result, ODSIs and their data products are not just mobilized by actors seeking to influence governance but are creating novel forms of agency and have become significant ocean governance actors in and of themselves. Thus, ODSIs both expand and blur the boundaries of architecture and agency. We conclude by considering how we might better understand ODSIs as governance actors through Earth Systems Governance, their role in shaping architecture and agency in governance relations and, in turn, the implications of integrating data and technology in an Earth Systems Governance framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33685,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Governance","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258981162200009X/pdfft?md5=f6fe7fa6fda7109805a685924f1cc271&pid=1-s2.0-S258981162200009X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43254405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digitalization between environmental activism and counter-activism: The case of satellite data on deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"M. Cecilia Oliveira , Leandro Siqueira","doi":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esg.2022.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analyzes the uses of digital satellite data on deforestation in the Amazon region, drawing on poststructuralist studies of scientific knowledge practices and Science and Technology Studies (STS). Focusing on changes under the government of President Jair Bolsonaro, we argue that populist right-wing rhetoric, policies, and practices towards deforestation in the Amazon must be understood in the context of a broad and sophisticated effort to discredit and dismantle pre-existing knowledge infrastructures and <em>transparency</em> regime. These structures had developed over time with the aim of making deforestation visible and manageable. The dismantling of these structures is part of the effort to establish a competing <em>alethurgy</em>, i.e an assemblage of procedures and rituals that claim to manifest the “truth” about the Amazon. This new alethurgy depends, crucially, on a regime of <em>hypertransparency</em> which enables practices of environmental <em>counter-activism.</em> This new alethurgy promotes an extractivist use of the Amazon in which deforestation is an acceptable price to pay for economic development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33685,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Governance","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589811622000040/pdfft?md5=e848a41e40178823206ee3ae9fa34f80&pid=1-s2.0-S2589811622000040-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46491940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louis J. Kotzé , Rakhyun E. Kim , Catherine Blanchard , Joshua C. Gellers , Cameron Holley , Marie Petersmann , Harro van Asselt , Frank Biermann , Margot Hurlbert
{"title":"Earth system law: Exploring new frontiers in legal science","authors":"Louis J. Kotzé , Rakhyun E. Kim , Catherine Blanchard , Joshua C. Gellers , Cameron Holley , Marie Petersmann , Harro van Asselt , Frank Biermann , Margot Hurlbert","doi":"10.1016/j.esg.2021.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esg.2021.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Anthropocene requires of us to rethink global governance challenges and effective responses with a more holistic understanding of the earth system as a single intertwined social-ecological system. Law, in particular, will have to embrace such a holistic earth system perspective in order to deal more effectively with the Anthropocene's predicaments. While a growing number of scholars have tried to reimagine law and legal scholarship in a more holistic way, these attempts remain siloed. What is required is a shared epistemic framework to enable and enhance collaborative intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary research and co-learning that go hand in hand with thorough transdisciplinary stakeholder engagement. We argue that the nascent concept of earth system law offers such an overarching epistemic framework. This article serves as an invitation to fellow explorers from various legal fields, other disciplines, and from a wide range of stakeholders to explore new frontiers in earth system law. Our aim is to further stimulate the study of earth system law, and to encourage collaboration and co-learning in a fertile epistemic space that we share.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33685,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Governance","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589811621000306/pdfft?md5=d586637a2fda45d463f4d8415391a17c&pid=1-s2.0-S2589811621000306-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48264432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}