The Journal of Transport History最新文献

{"title":"Development of a futuristic technology programme: How the aerospace industry (almost) transformed ground transportation in the United States (1960–1972)","authors":"James K Cohen","doi":"10.1177/00225266221080412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221080412","url":null,"abstract":"After a long policy development process under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, the High-Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965 was enacted. Section One of the Act called for developing futuristic ground transport systems with, for example, high-speed vehicles floating on cushions of air over specialised guideways and inside vacuum tubes. These unconventional technologies were conceived and promoted by aerospace companies and military agencies that exercised increasing influence within the federal government after World War II. During the implementation of the 1965 Act, contractors such as Grumman Aerospace made tangible progress towards a prototype air-cushion system. However, just when it was ready for testing, President Nixon changed course and terminated the Section One programme in 1972. An important lesson derived from this generally unknown chapter in American transport history is that the promotion of futuristic technologies by powerful corporations creates seductive, but often perilous choices for governments.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125206622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewing Latin American railway historiography: New trends and research avenues","authors":"Antonio Santamaría García","doi":"10.1177/00225266221079187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221079187","url":null,"abstract":"Latin-American railways have not general-comparative historical studies, although more recent publications generated valuable contributions to knowledge. The content and approach of the latest research resonate better into the international historiographical debates, incorporating perspectives that go beyond the national bias of previous works, avowing the previous stress on the region backwardness and economic inequalities. They also incorporate research about social, labor, and cultural-heritage topics, and about the necessity of resizing of the state role, and estimates on its direct contribution to growth. This article reviews such last new studies—except regarding cultural-heritage, because due to its scope the issue would precede a particular analysis—stating how these investigations can growth further.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"480 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132929612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Riding the New York Subway. The Invention of the Modern Passenger by Stefan Höhne","authors":"Dhan Zunino Singh","doi":"10.1177/00225266221080510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221080510","url":null,"abstract":"for women was also discussed very controversially in the trade unions and was described either as paternalistic presumption or as necessary protection against assault. A role may have been played by the fact that men claimed the nights as the most productive time. In practice, there was also a lot of typical Swiss federalism in this respect: Basel and Bern still had such a night driving ban in the late 1960s, while Zurich never did. Helene Bihlmaier’s contribution takes a completely different, architectural-historical perspective. Based on the history of the A16 motorway in the Swiss Jura, she shows that road construction was by no means always a purely male-dominated sphere. Built as one of the last motorway sections in Switzerland, the special feature of the “Transjurane” is also that an architectural competition was held for its design. This is probably one of the reasons why this section of the Swiss motorway network is characterised by a careful adaptation to the topography and yet architecturally self-confident independence in the design of the road space and the adjacent buildings. An important role in the winning consortium was played by Flora Ruchat-Roncati (1937–2002), an architect from Ticino who in 1985 was appointed the first full professor in the history of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. In the introductory article, Erika Flückiger Strebel takes stock of the state of genderspecific transport history in Switzerland. She begins in the Middle Ages, when a genderspecific division of the appropriation of space was first constituted. As a result, women were increasingly pushed into the domestic context; at the same time, however, they always remained present in public space in specific functions, for example as traders. Mobility thus very often arose primarily from economic constraints and remained precarious, even if it always had an inherent aspect of self-empowerment. The bicycle and the automobile, on the other hand, very quickly became emancipatory vehicles in the course of their mass use. This successful issue is part of the 20-year history of the journal “Wege und Geschichte”, which has become an indispensable institution in Swiss transport history.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132531397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the mutual benefit of the member states. Nordic transnational road cooperation, 1956–1966","authors":"M. Eriksson","doi":"10.1177/00225266221084143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221084143","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the Nordic Council as a cooperation organ for building transnational roads outside of the E-road network during the period 1956–1966. The Nordic experience of planning and interconnecting transnational roads is related to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and the development of the E-road network. It is noted that whereas the E-road network built on an ambition within the ECE to create mutual understanding and fraternity between the European nations, the Nordic Council viewed roads as instruments to deal with shared economic and social problems. Another difference is that while the member states of the ECE interacted with societal groups and expert organisations during the interconnection of the E-road network, such actors did not participate directly with the Nordic Council. The inter-Nordic stream of technical expertise was primarily channelled through the national road administrations which cooperated to interconnect the trans-Nordic network.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124679122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Private agendas and the public good: The contested development of high-speed passenger rail transport in the United States","authors":"A. Churella","doi":"10.1177/00225266221076380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221076380","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1960s, the United States Department of Commerce (and later the Department of Transportation) cooperated with the Pennsylvania Railroad (later, Penn Central) to develop the Metroliner, an American version of the Japanese Shinkansen. Federal officials possessed overtly political motives, including an effort to build political support for the Democratic Party in the heavily urbanized Northeast. Railroad executives sought federal subsidies for conventional rail passenger service, while building political support for the largest merger in American history. The conflicting agendas precluded the development of high-speed surface transportation in the United States.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129291366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moonshots to Nowhere? The Metroliner and Failed High-Speed Rail in the United States, 1962–1977","authors":"D. Reinecke","doi":"10.1177/00225266221074951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221074951","url":null,"abstract":"In September 1962, President John F. Kennedy challenged Americans to send and return astronauts to the Moon by the close of the decade. So-called “moon shots” like the Apollo Program of the 1960s became emblematic of a new paradigm in federally-funded research and development: large in scale, ambitious in scope, technologically challenging, and most importantly public facing. The success of the moon landings, in turn, inspired federal policymakers to seek similarly ambitious moon shots in other domains including communications, energy, housing, and transportation. The moonshot paradigm, however, proved to be a poor fit when applied in civilian settings. Drawing upon original archival research, this paper details government-led efforts to implement high-speed passenger rail along the Northeast Corridor. The moonshot paradigm saddled this program in no-win scenarios, encouraging implementing agencies to overstate program benefits, underestimate their costs, and ignore technological complexity and risk.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132375170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Frauen unterwegs [Women On The Move]","authors":"U. Haefeli","doi":"10.1177/00225266221077212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221077212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129643949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Institutionalism, Hybridity and Institutional Logics in Public Transport History","authors":"James Fowler","doi":"10.1177/00225266211070944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266211070944","url":null,"abstract":"This paper responds to calls for new theoretical frameworks within which to examine transport history and bring it into contact with other disciplines with a view to overcoming some of its alleged previous preoccupations with Anglocentric economic data. It offers three interconnected ideas from other fields, historical institutionalism, hybridity and institutional logics and it proposes that these tools can assist historians in making sense of the qualitative material from archival records. The paper also suggests that by explicitly framing the history of public transport as a political process, historians can engage with a wider social ecology of interest groups than those represented by economic interests. Whilst recognising the assumptions inherent in an institutional approach and the limitations of the scope of the author's own research, the paper argues that these frameworks can nevertheless be used widely and effectively.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114894561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Wings for the Rising Sun: A Transnational History of Japanese Aviation by Jürgen P. Melzer","authors":"Kaori Takada","doi":"10.1177/00225266221074763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221074763","url":null,"abstract":"absence of unpacking whiteness and a lack of reference to differentiation (including where poor white women stood in the hierarchy) within white societies is rather a surprise. At a related level, one of the arguments running through the chapters is the suggestion of going back to or recovering “Indigenous modes of relationship”. Conceptually, this argument too, is difficult to accept without considerable historicisation and scrutiny. Once again, this is not to suggest war-finance nexus and corporate capitalism was/is the key to socio-economic salvation of humanity. But, as historians (anthropologists and sociologists) of pre-colonial societies have shown, pre-colonial does not necessarily translate as more equitable or redistributive. At best, this is a romantic view of precolonial/Indigenous societies; at worst, it is a-historic. Claiming Indigenous selfdetermination as the only path forward ignores the complex realties such as how ex-colonies like India and China played a pivotal role in watering down the climate pledge of recently held COP26. Equally problematic will be the idea that if were to pursue Indigenous self-determination then who would be considered truly “indigenous” – will it include Uighurs in China or Muslims or low caste Hindus in India? This book underlines well the historical interrelation between capital and imperialism. But lack of conceptual clarity in key discussions and jargonistic language affects the overall tenor.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125114530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Cycling and the British: A Modern History by Neil Carter","authors":"P. Cox","doi":"10.1177/00225266211068993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266211068993","url":null,"abstract":"more comparative perspective is needed here since not only London but Paris were cities with large and iconic metro systems which modified daily urban experience and built new subjects. In fact, this book offers a well and solid theoretical frame to do this comparison in the future. To compare different cities and experiences would help to see how mechanization, through this transport machine, was globalized. By the 1910s not only Europe and the USA had implemented metros, also South America: what kind of modern passengers these different cultures built up? While we might agree that modernity is uneven – or, there are modernities – and that it needs to be scrutinised in local and historical contexts, to what extent the infrastructural subjectivity of the New York Subway is similar to the passenger built by other underground railways. Is it possible to identify certain aspects which are common to this particular infrastructure beyond the singularities of the city and its history?","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129561562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}