Global Transitions最新文献

{"title":"The persistent global burden of severe acute malnutrition: Cross-country estimates, models and forecasts","authors":"Jonathan D. Moyer ,&nbsp;David K. Bohl ,&nbsp;Caleb Petry ,&nbsp;Andrew Scott ,&nbsp;José R. Solórzano ,&nbsp;Randall Kuhn","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is a leading cause of childhood disease and death. Existing SAM data are sparse and depend on point prevalence measures that underestimate its true burden. Given the significance of SAM as an indicator of humanitarian progress and a driver of human development, a forecast of its long-term burden is needed. We use UNICEF prevalence data of severe wasting for 150 countries to measure SAM prevalence and build a model that we embed in International Futures. We estimate that, in 2014, there were 28.8 million SAM cases globally among children under age five and that this will decline to 21.7 million cases by 2030, with India accounting for 52% of this reduction, and growth (from 8.1 to 9.0 million cases) in Sub-Saharan Africa. Forecasts are sensitive to uncertainty around the drivers of SAM, particularly conflict. A 0.5 s d. variation in conflict relative to the Base Case forecast yields a range of 19.5–29.3 million cases globally in 2030. We also find that the drivers of SAM are forecast to decline more slowly than traditional drivers of undernutrition. SAM will therefore account for a growing share of children under five who are undernourished in the future. This growing share of SAM cases will be heavily concentrated in societies burdened by poor governance and conflict. The future of SAM is most sensitive to uncertainty associated with the future of internal conflict.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 167-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.glt.2020.07.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"101014331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social innovation in community energy in Scotland: Institutional form and sustainability outcomes","authors":"Bill Slee","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2020.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Both the policy context and institutional architectures for community engagement have changed rapidly in Scotland over last decade. After 2003, the early engagement of communities with renewables was almost exclusively through development trusts, acting alone or collaboratively. More recently, cooperatives and benefit societies have become more common. Informed by ideas from social innovation, this paper explores the evolution of the support ecosystem for community renewables and examines the influence of institutional structures on social, economic and environmental outcomes. Recent changes in UK policy have made social innovation in community energy much more challenging, although shared ownership/shared revenue models remain an opportunity to be more deeply explored. Three main models of ownership are explored: the community development trust; the cooperative or community benefit society and the shared ownership model, where the community entity is normally a development trust. While the small number of cases examined limits the scope for generalisation, the community development trust appears to offer the greatest range and scale of local beneficial outcomes for sustainable rural development, but the level of impact on emissions reduction varies and the primary motive has most often been income generation for local development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 157-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.glt.2020.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91665959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of buildings in the energy transition in the context of the climate change challenge","authors":"Luisa F. Cabeza ,&nbsp;Diana Ürge-Vorsatz","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to redefine the influence of the energy and technological transitions upon the challenge of climate change this paper shows that buildings are key agents. This paper discusses the importance of addressing building energy efficiency in a holistic and transformational way, to avoid that incremental measures increase the lock-in effect. Moreover, policies should consider a demand-side energy transition, contrary to today’s discourse, where the supply side and energy production are prominent. Finally, the most important issues in this energy transition are intergenerational divide and justice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 257-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.glt.2020.11.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"95580188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health benefits from urban horticulture in the global north: A scoping review and framework","authors":"Catalina Cruz-Piedrahita,&nbsp;Caroline Howe,&nbsp;Audrey de Nazelle","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban agriculture has increased rapidly in the Global North in recent decades. However, because most research has focused on developing countries, we still lack systematic information on the benefits, barriers, costs and risks of the practice of food production in cities of the Global North. Urban horticulture (UH) is the agriculture of plants for food consumption, materials production, or decoration, developed inside city boundaries. UH has recently been proposed as a tool to improve population health and urban biodiversity. This study takes a systems approach to reviewing the literature on the impacts of UH on public health, the environment and health behaviours, using the ecosystem services (ES) concept as lens. Using a scoping review methodology, 138 papers met the search criteria and these studies were used to develop a conceptual framework summarizing and synthesing the direct and indirect pathways in which urban horticulture and public health are interconnected. The resulting “eco”systems-based framework analyses and visualises the relationship between UH and public health and provides evidence for relationships (both positive and negative) between, and pathways linking, urban horticulture and benefits for mental health, physical activity, diet, and socialisation. This study demonstrates that UH can help to improve public health in cities of the Global North and makes the case for UH as a solution to tackling multiple health and societal challenges that arise in urban populations. We provide a framework to enable local authorities and urban stakeholders to maximise the benefits from, and reduce the risks related to, the practice of UH at a systems level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 246-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.glt.2020.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"101817418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How product development partnerships support hybrid collaborations dealing with global health challenges","authors":"Marjolein J. Hoogstraaten,&nbsp;Wouter P.C. Boon,&nbsp;Koen Frenken","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Product Development Partnerships (PDPs) are organizations that target economically-deprived markets, aiming to develop a product by integrating contributions of diverse partners. They have gained importance in the global health arena by targeting and developing drugs for neglected tropical diseases. Their projects are difficult to manage given the multiplicity of roles, objectives and institutional logics of the partners that participate in the collaboration. We explore activities and strategies that platform PDPs – PDPs that orchestrate hybrid project networks – employ to stimulate collaboration between heterogeneous actors. Based on the analysis of two platform PDP projects targeting poverty-related diseases, we propose a framework outlining two innovation collaboration models. With this we support the better understanding of PDPs, which are gaining momentum to facilitate socio-technical transitions across the globe to tackle poverty-related diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 190-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.glt.2020.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"93421649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy transition in a lockdown: An analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on changes in electricity demand in Lagos Nigeria","authors":"Norbert Edomah,&nbsp;Gogo Ndulue","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we analyse the role of forced lockdowns on electricity consumption behaviour and its effect on momentary transition in electricity use. Electricity consumption data for residential, commercial and industrial consumers within the Lagos metropolis representing 259 electrical feeder locations were collected and analysed under three scenarios: first, we analyse a business-<em>as</em>-usual scenario without a lockdown; secondly, we analyse the case of a partial lockdown; and finally, we analyse the case of a total lockdown. The study revealed that aside government announcement of the lockdown, certain social practices triggered changes in electricity consumption and use leading to momentary energy transition. Within the residential sector, increased cooking, home laundry, showering, and some professional practices that moved to the homes impacted on higher electricity consumption. Reduced manufacturing practices limited to those involved in food, personal care and pharmaceutical products led to a reduction in electricity use within the industrial sector, while reduced electricity use in the commercial sector was triggered mainly by a scaling down of trading services to essentials. The study concludes by highlighting the impact of changes in electricity demand and consumption under these scenarios and its implications for energy transition and electricity planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 127-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.glt.2020.07.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38301670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the governance of innovative energy sharing in multi-dwelling buildings through a spatial analysis of consumption practices","authors":"Marta Pappalardo ,&nbsp;Gilles Debizet","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In collective self-consumption (CSC) communities, citizens come together to produce renewable energy and need to find ways to organise the sharing of consumption at the (micro-)local level. The articulation between the exposure of individual practices and the collective objective of lowering consumption outside solar periods leads to dynamics of social control and privacy preservation that vary according to the nature of spaces. Observing two operations of solar energy sharing in multi-dwelling buildings, our ethnographic analysis investigates the practices of occupying different types of space – from the common to the private - as well as the scenes of discussion among individuals. In this sense, our research reveals a strong intertwining between, on the one hand, the governance of energy communities and, on the other, the spaces in which consumption practices, energy accounting and deliberation processes take place.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 221-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.glt.2020.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"95415314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in air quality modeling and forecasting","authors":"Alexander Baklanov ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The importance of and interest to research and investigations of atmospheric composition and its modeling for different applications are substantially increased. Air quality forecast (AQF) and assessment systems help decision makers to improve air quality and public health, mitigate the occurrence of acute air pollution episodes, particularly in urban areas, and reduce the associated impacts on agriculture, ecosystems and climate. Advanced approaches in AQF combine an ensemble of state-of-the-art models, high-resolution emission inventories, satellite observations, and surface measurements of most relevant chemical species to provide hindcasts, analyses, and forecasts from global to regional air pollution and downscaling for selected countries, regions, and urban areas. Based on published reviews and recent analyses, the article discusses main gaps, challenges, applications and advances, main trends and research needs in further advancements of atmospheric composition and air quality modeling and forecasting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 261-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.glt.2020.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113488701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of COVID-19 voluntary compliance behaviors: An international investigation","authors":"Cory Clark ,&nbsp;Andrés Davila ,&nbsp;Maxime Regis ,&nbsp;Sascha Kraus","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With a large international sample (n = 8317), the present study examined which beliefs and attitudes about COVID-19 predict 1) following government recommendations, 2) taking health precautions (including mask wearing, social distancing, handwashing, and staying at home), and 3) encouraging others to take health precautions. The results demonstrate the importance of believing that taking health precautions will be effective for avoiding COVID-19 and generally prioritizing one’s health. These beliefs continued to be important predictors of health behaviors after controlling for demographic and personality variables. In contrast, we found that perceiving oneself as vulnerable to COVID-19, the perceived severity of catching COVID-19, and trust in government were of relatively little importance. We also found that women were somewhat more likely to engage in these health behaviors than men, but that age was generally unrelated to voluntary compliance behaviors. These findings may suggest avenues and dead ends for behavioral interventions during COVID-19 and beyond.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.glt.2020.06.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38301518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory development of digital support tools for local-scale energy transitions: Lessons from two European case studies","authors":"Richard J. Hewitt,&nbsp;Cheryl de Boer,&nbsp;Johannes Flacke","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2020.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2020.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spatial planning systems at local and regional levels are often not well-adapted to the growth of small-scale and local social innovations in renewable energy. Participatory decision support tools have been developed to support the implementation of many areas of environmental policy, but are less common in energy contexts. In response to this knowledge gap, we discuss, compare and contrast the participatory development of two different types of digital support tools for the cases of Spain and the Netherlands, leading to insights into the characteristics that local-level stakeholders find particularly desirable. We adopt an integrative approach, hybridizing implementation theory and action research for, respectively, analysis of implementation characteristics of key actors, and knowledge co-construction with participant stakeholders. The tools developed represent two extremes of the spatial decision support tool spectrum, a simple touchscreen application on the one hand (COLLAGE) and a more complicated spatial model on the other (APoLUS). COLLAGE was used and well-liked by stakeholders, whereas APoLUS was not adopted by the participant group, who nevertheless contributed much essential information to its development. We identify eight key differences between the two tools which shed light on the nature of bottom-up energy transition processes: 1: Target users; 2: Target scale of action; 3: Relevance to users’ needs; 4: Interactive quality; 5: Key emphasis; 6: Level of complexity; 7: Ease of communication of tool rationale; 8: Cost. The differences between these tools also relate to a recognized dichotomy in sustainability transition research, with complex spatial support systems like APoLUS tending towards <em>descriptive-analytical</em> modes of sustainability science and simpler tools like COLLAGE being more clearly related to <em>transformational</em> modes. Approaches to supporting local-scale energy transitions that are able to span both modes are likely to become increasingly relevant as the climate crisis evolves. We also identify a research gap between support tools for implementation of established policy and support tools for transformative actions at local scales, and suggest the study of digital “transition support tools” as a promising avenue for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 138-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.glt.2020.07.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91665960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}