印度的国际投资和环境保护——减少碳足迹方面的政策和实施差距

Q1 Social Sciences
Nisha Yadav, Fincy Pallissery
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引用次数: 0

摘要

虽然印度在环境保护方面的贡献和进步得到了全球领导人的赞扬,但印度仍然是全球最大的碳和温室气体(GHG)排放国之一。造成碳排放的主要部门也是吸引国际投资的主要部门。本文拟对此类投资进行回顾,并考察其对环境的影响。方法对现有文献进行了全面审查,以确定适用于公司达到环境标准的现行法律和政策。此外,还在互联网上广泛搜索监测公司行为的报告和数据库,并报告它们在解决环境问题方面的披露和努力。还对在印度签署、通过和生效的投资协定进行了审查,以了解它们是否符合环境保护标准。数据收集于2022年7月至2023年6月期间完成。调查结果:《印度宪法》规定保护和改善该国的公众健康和环境健康。为了满足这一宪法标准,印度通过了几项法律和政策,包括《国家气候变化行动计划》(NAPCC)。17项可持续发展目标对环境有着直接和间接的联系和影响。显然,截至2017年,所有国际投资协定均未提及环境豁免条款,也未纳入关贸总协定第20条的例外情况。然而,最近的国际投资协定确实将环境列为征用的例外。还可以看到,大公司的投资造成了全球范围内的大规模森林砍伐、水污染和化石燃料,其中大多数在印度留下了足迹,并继续为该国的碳足迹做出贡献。印度对可再生能源和非常规能源的承诺是实现可持续发展目标和净零排放目标的一线希望。符合ESG标准及其监管机构的披露是国际投资环境保护的另一个积极步骤。全球温室气体和碳排放的最大贡献者在印度,因此对印度的整体碳足迹做出了贡献。必须要求所有国际投资遵守关于公共卫生和环境保护的法律和政策条例。在这方面,应该要求企业遵循ESG标准,以实现可持续发展目标。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
International investments and environmental protection in India - Policy and implementation gaps in mitigating the carbon footprints

Introduction

While India's contribution and progress on environment protection has been applauded by global leaders, India continues to be one of the biggest carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter globally. Major sectors responsible for carbon emissions are also the major sectors attracting international investments. This paper intends review such investments and examine their impact on environment.

Methodology

A comprehensive review of the existing literature to identify the prevailing laws and policies that apply to corporations to meeting environmental standards was undertaken. In addition, extensive search was undertaken on the internet for reports and database that monitor corporate behavior and report about their disclosures and efforts on addressing environmental concerns. A review of the investment agreements signed, adopted and in-force in India was also undertaken to understand if they meet the standards of environmental protection. Data collection was done between July 2022 to June 2023.

Findings

The Constitution of India stipulates protection and improvement of public and environmental health of the country. Several laws and policies have been adopted to meet this constitutional standard in India, including The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). The 17 SDGs have direct and indirect linkages and impact on the environment. It is evident that all international investment agreements up to 2017 have no mention of environment exemption clause nor incorporates the GATT Article XX exceptions. However, the recent IIAs do mention environment as exception to expropriation. It is also seen that investments by big corporations have been responsible for huge deforestation, water pollution, and fossil fuel globally and most of them have their footprints in India and continue to contribute to the countries carbon footprint. India's commitment to renewable and non-conventional energy is the silver lining to meeting the SDG goals and the net zero emission targets. Meeting ESG standards and its disclosures by regulatory body is another positive step towards environmental protection from international investments.

Conclusion

The biggest global contributors to GHG and carbon emissions have their presence in India and thus contribute to the overall carbon foot print of India. All international investments must be required to comply with the legal and policy regulations on public health and environment protection. In this regard, corporations should be mandated to follow ESG standards to meet the SDGs objectives.

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来源期刊
Global Transitions
Global Transitions Social Sciences-Development
CiteScore
18.90
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