Digital Chinese Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Huanglian Wendan Decoction alone or combined with western medicine in treating insomnia caused by phlegm-heat internal disturbance","authors":"Y.A.N.G. Lei ,&nbsp;H.E. Liyun ,&nbsp;C.H.E.N. Xiao ,&nbsp;W.A.N.G. Kaiyue ,&nbsp;F.A.N.G. Yongjun ,&nbsp;L.I.A.N.G. Zhuang ,&nbsp;Y.A.N.G. Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Huanglian Wendan Decoction (黄连温胆汤, HLWDD) alone or combined with western medicine in treating insomnia caused by phlegm-heat internal disturbance in recent 10 years.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The randomized controlled trials of HLWDD alone or combined with western medicine in treating insomnia caused by phlegm-heat internal disturbance from January 1, 2012 to April 1, 2022 were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, China BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. After being screening, the included literature was analyzed to evaluate the effective rate, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, and adverse reactions of HLWDD on insomnia caused by phlegm-heat internal disturbance. The subgroup analyzed the effect of HLWDD after different treatment courses, and compared the therapeutic effects of HLWDD alone and HLWDD combined with western medicine.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty-seven randomized controlled trials were finally included, with a total of 2 395 patients. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the curative effect of HLWDD alone or combined with the western medicine group was better than that of the western medicine group [RR = 1.14, 95% CI (1.06, 1.22), <em>P</em> = 0.000]. The PSQI score [SMD = – 0.31, 95% CI (– 0.42, – 0.20), <em>P</em> = 0.000], TCM syndrome score [SMD = – 0.40, 95% CI (– 0.67, – 0.12), <em>P</em> = 0.005], and adverse reaction rate [RR = 0.21, 95% CI (0.15, 0.29), <em>P</em> = 0.000] of HLWDD alone or combined with western medicine group were significantly reduced compared with the western medicine group. The subgroup’s analysis showed that the curative effect of HLWDD alone or combined with western medicine group of 4 weeks treatment course was better than that of the western medicine group [RR = 1.14, 95% CI (1.03, 1.26), <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05]. The TCM syndrome score of HLWDD alone or combined with the western medicine group of 4 weeks treatment course decreased more obviously than that of the western medicine group [SMD = – 0.60, 95% CI (– 0.96, – 0.25), <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05]. There were no significant differences between HLWDD alone or combined with western medicine group and western medicine group with different treatment courses based on PSQI score and adverse reaction rate. Based on the effective rate, the comparison between the HLWDD alone group and the western medicine group [RR = 1.09, 95% CI (1.00, – 1.20) <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05], and between the HLWDD combined with western medicine group and the western medicine group [RR = 1.15, 95% CI (1.03, 1.29), <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05] was the same. PSQI score [SMD = – 0.44, 95% CI (– 0.59, – 0.30), <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05] and TCM syndrome score [SMD = – 1.10, 95% CI (– 1.59, – 0.61)","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258937772200057X/pdfft?md5=b4037fcab80192ff0f895d592daddcb4&pid=1-s2.0-S258937772200057X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91103785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the phytoconstituents targeting TNF-α as potential lead compounds to treat inflammatory diseases: an in-silico approach","authors":"Sumit Arora (Assistant Professor) ,&nbsp;Pallavi Rushiya ,&nbsp;Kalpana Tirpude ,&nbsp;Nidhi Sapkal ,&nbsp;Subhash Yende ,&nbsp;Abhay Ittadwar ,&nbsp;Sapan Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore the anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents from various plant sources as tumour necrosis factor-<em>α</em> (TNF-<em>α</em>)-inhibitor, a mediator involved in the inflammatory disorder, by <em>in silico</em> molecular docking.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Based on previous findings, we performed the <em>in silico</em> assessment of anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents from different medicinal plants to understand their binding patterns against TNF-<em>α</em> (PDB ID: 6OP0) using AutoDock Vina. Molecular docking was performed by setting a grid box (25 × 25 × 25) Å centered at [– 12.817 × (– 1.618) × 19.009] Å with 0.375 Å of grid spacing. Furthermore, Discovery Studio Client 2020 program was utilized to assess two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) hydrogen-bond interactions concerning an amino acid of target and ligand. Physicochemical properties were reported using the Lipinski’s rule and SwissADME database to support the <em>in silico</em> findings. <strong>Results</strong> From the selected medicinal plants, more than 200 phytocompounds were screened against TNF-<em>α</em> protein with binding scores in the range of – 12.3 to – 2.5 kcal/mol. Amongst them, emodin, aloe-emodin, pongamol, purpuritenin, semiglabrin, ellagic acid, imperatorin, <em>α</em>-tocopherol, and octanorcucurbitacin A showed good binding affinity as – 10.6, – 10.0, – 10.5, – 10.1, – 11.2, – 10.3, – 10.1, – 10.1, and – 10.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Also, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology (ADMET) profiles were well within acceptable limits.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on our preliminary findings, we conclude that the selected phytoconstituents have the potential to be good anti-inflammatory candidates by inhibiting the TNF-<em>α</em> target. These compounds can be further optimized and validated as new therapeutic components to develop more effective and safe anti-inflammatory drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000507/pdfft?md5=bed53cdb18a06e3212cb381db71f90a5&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000507-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84494860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tongue image segmentation and tongue color classification based on deep learning","authors":"L.I.U. Wei,&nbsp;C.H.E.N. Jinming,&nbsp;L.I.U. Bo,&nbsp;H.U. Wei,&nbsp;W.U. Xingjin,&nbsp;Z.H.O.U. Hui","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To propose two novel methods based on deep learning for computer-aided tongue diagnosis, including tongue image segmentation and tongue color classification, improving their diagnostic accuracy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>LabelMe was used to label the tongue mask and Snake model to optimize the labeling results. A new dataset was constructed for tongue image segmentation. Tongue color was marked to build a classified dataset for network training. In this research, the Inception + Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) + UNet (IAUNet) method was proposed for tongue image segmentation, based on the existing UNet, Inception, and atrous convolution. Moreover, the Tongue Color Classification Net (TCCNet) was constructed with reference to ResNet, Inception, and Triple-Loss. Several important measurement indexes were selected to evaluate and compare the effects of the novel and existing methods for tongue segmentation and tongue color classification. IAUNet was compared with existing mainstream methods such as UNet and DeepLabV3+ for tongue segmentation. TCCNet for tongue color classification was compared with VGG16 and GoogLeNet.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>IAUNet can accurately segment the tongue from original images. The results showed that the Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU) of IAUNet reached 96.30%, and its Mean Pixel Accuracy (MPA), mean Average Precision (mAP), F1-Score, G-Score, and Area Under Curve (AUC) reached 97.86%, 99.18%, 96.71%, 96.82%, and 99.71%, respectively, suggesting IAUNet produced better segmentation than other methods, with fewer parameters. Triplet-Loss was applied in the proposed TCCNet to separate different embedded colors. The experiment yielded ideal results, with F1-Score and mAP of the TCCNet reached 88.86% and 93.49%, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>IAUNet based on deep learning for tongue segmentation is better than traditional ones. IAUNet can not only produce ideal tongue segmentation, but have better effects than those of PSPNet, SegNet, UNet, and DeepLabV3+, the traditional networks. As for tongue color classification, the proposed network, TCCNet, had better F1-Score and mAP values as compared with other neural networks such as VGG16 and GoogLeNet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000490/pdfft?md5=e87638a6b039111b86fa36dba4769d4f&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000490-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90909801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualization analysis of the international standard ISO/TC 249 for traditional Chinese medicine","authors":"Zhao Shuting ,&nbsp;Zhong Yanmei ,&nbsp;Hu Yuanzhang ,&nbsp;Sun Tao ,&nbsp;Wu Chunjie ,&nbsp;Wen Chuanbiao","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study proposes to visually review the current situation and progress of standards sets by the International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine (ISO/TC 249). The review aims to explore the development strategies of the standards, which will exhibit the considerable impact on the economy, trade and exchanges, and cooperation in the area of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>ISO/TC 249 standards were searched on the ISO website, and their title, proposed time, current stage, scope, and classification were obtained for further summarization. Gephi was utilized to portray the co-occurrence network graph of the ISO/TC 249 standards subject.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In ISO/TC 249, there were 116 standards, including 81 published standards and 35 developing standards by April 30, 2022. Two withdrawal standards were published after revision, which were not counted in the total standards. The number of published standards has been increasing since the first standard was published in 2014, whose title was “Sterile acupuncture needles for single use”. Among these standards, 17.24% (20/116) standards were in review, 56.03% (65/116) in publication, 3.45% (4/116) in approval, 5.17% (6/116) in enquiry, 3.45% (4/116) in committee, and 14.66% (17/116) in preparation, respectively. With 116 standards, most of the research focused on the medicament, as its classification of the International Classification for Standards (ICS) showed the proportion reaching 49.54%. The network analysis data revealed that the top five most frequent words were “materials” “root” “requirements” “products” and “system”, after removing the noise data, such as prepositions, conjunctions, and pronouns. Additionally, the word “system” co-exists with the terms “computerized” “coding” “image” “tongue” and “analysis”; the word “requirement” co-exists with “manufacturing” “decoction” “process” and “materials”; whereas the word “devices” co-exists with “pulse” “electric” “skin” and “measurement”.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>With the increased diversification and complexity of problems, the development of standards is also oriented to multidisciplinary fields to cultivate the interdisciplinary talents, and especially the international standardization talents of compound TCM. Multi-angle analysis, formulation, and demonstration of standards, in line with industry needs in different disciplines, enhance the availability of standards and the ability to serve the industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000283/pdfft?md5=159f851dc9afcb3f0eae9ea80235dcf1&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000283-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77868742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula on hippocampal neurons in rats of diabetes complicated with depression via the TRP/KYN metabolic pathway","authors":"Ling Jia ,&nbsp;Liu Jian ,&nbsp;Jin Shi ,&nbsp;Zou Manshu ,&nbsp;Jiang Yajie ,&nbsp;Wang Yuhong","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore the protective effects and mechanism of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula (左归降糖解郁方, ZGJTJYF) on hippocampal neurons in rats of diabetes complicated with depression (DD) via the TRP/KYN metabolic pathway.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>(i) <em>In vivo</em> experiments: 60 specified pathogen free (SPF) grade male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups with 10 rats in each groups: control, DD model, positive (1.8 mg/kg fluoxetine + 0.18 g/kg metformin), high-dose ZGJTJYF (ZGJTJYF-H, 40.500 g/kg ZGJTJYF), middle-dose ZGJTJYF (ZGJTJYF-M, 20.250 g/kg ZGJTJYF), and low-dose ZGJTJYF (ZGJTJYF-L, 10.125 g/kg ZGJTJYF) groups. Except for the control group, other groups were established DD model by high-fat emulsion intake with single tail vein streptozotocin (STZ) and four weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). All drug administration groups were treated by gavage during CUMS modeling, and the control and model groups were given equal amount of distilled water. After four weeks, the serum levels of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured to determine the hypoglycemic effect of ZGJTJYF. Moreover, the open field test and Morris water maze test were performed to evaluate the antidepressant effect of ZGJTJYF. Changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level were detected via high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD); the levels of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the hippocampus were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the protein expression levels of synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density material-95 (PSD-95) were detected via immunohistochemistry (IHC); and the protein expression levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR) 2A and NR2B were detected using Western blot. (ii) <em>In vitro</em> experiments: five SPF grade SD pregnant rats (E16 – 18) were used to obtain primary hippocampal neurons (Ne), six SD new-born rats were used to collected primary astrocytes (As) and microglia (MG), and to establish a Ne-As-MG co-culture system. All co-culture systems were divided into six groups: control (PBS), model [150 mmol/L glucose + 200 μmol/L corticosterone (G&amp;P) + PBS], blank (G&amp;P + blank serum), positive (G&amp;P + positive drug-containing serum), ZGJTJYF (G&amp;P + ZGJTJYF serum), and 1-methyl-D-tryptophan (1-MT, IDO inhibitor) (G&amp;P + 1-MT) groups. After 18 h of intervention by corresponding treatment, immunofluorescence was used to analyze the protein expression levels of SYN, PSD-95, NR2A, and NR2B; ELISA was performed to measure the levels of interleukin (IL)-1<em>β</em>, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-<em>α</em> , and TRP/KYN metabolic pathway-related factors [TRP, KYN, kynurenine acid (KYNA), quinolinic acid (QUIN)].</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>(i) <em>In vivo</em> experimental&lt;italic/&gt; results showed that ZGJTJYF-M and ZGJTJYF-L significantl","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000374/pdfft?md5=9524e234424729d4ec8a3d5b26267bbb&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000374-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83927012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening influencing factors of blood stasis constitution in traditional Chinese medicine","authors":"Zhou Xiaoying ,&nbsp;Yang Shengwen ,&nbsp;Ou Jintao ,&nbsp;Wang Zhuo ,&nbsp;Wang Guangrong ,&nbsp;Luo Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study the influencing factors of blood stasis constitution and provide a basis for treating blood stasis-related diseases by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution identification.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data were collected using the self-developed TCM constitution identification platform based on B/S model by the project team. The obtained data were divided into blood stasis constitution and normal constitution groups. The differences of the categorical type influencing factors (gender, birth mode, feeding mode within four months of birth, family history, marital status, eating habits, sleeping habits, exercise habits, emotional state, stress situation, and living environment) and the quantitative type influencing factors (sleep time, age, and mother's age at birth) on the constitution of the two groups were analyzed. In the single-factor analysis, the Pearson's chi-square test was selected for the categorical variable, and the independent sample <em>t</em> test and Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test were selected for the quantitative variables according to whether they conformed to the positive-terrestrial distribution; the binary logistic stepwise regression method was selected for the multi-factor analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The data of 318 cases were collected from the TCM composition identification platform, and 159 cases of blood stasis constitution were used as the experimental group and 159 cases of normal constitution were used as the control group. The Pearson's chi-square test yielded significant differences (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the effects of gender, pressure situation, family history, living environment, emotional state, exercise habits, and dietary habits on blood stasis constitution. The independent samples <em>t</em> test yielded differences in sleep duration between the blood stasis constitution and normal constitution populations (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), which meant sleep duration of the blood stasis constitution population was less than that of the normal constitution population. The Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test results accepted the original hypothesis that there was no difference in the distribution of age and mother’s age at birth across constitution types (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that gender, family history, marital status, living environment, exercise habits, and emotional state were risk factors for blood stasis constitution (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Gender, family history, living environment, emotional state, and exercise habits were significant influencing factors of blood stasis constitution. Blood stasis constitution populations can pay more attention to these influencing factors in their daily life for the prevention and reconciliation of blood stasis constitution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000337/pdfft?md5=fbab4fbab72bf52951db93fd3b2de3d0&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000337-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73889084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventive and therapeutic effects of Aerva lanata (L.) extract on ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in male Wistar albino rats","authors":"Ankul Singh S,&nbsp;Chitra Vellapandian,&nbsp;Gowri Krishna","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Nephrolithiasis is a common urological disease. This study aims to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of <em>Aerva lanata</em> (L.) roots (HAEAL) on ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fifty grams of shade-dried coarsely powdered <em>Aerva lanata</em> (L.) root was successively extracted with organic solvents in increasing order of polarity [petroleum ether (60 −80 °C), chloroform, and ethanol] using a Soxhlet apparatus, and then concentrated. Physical tests including nature, color, odor, and texture were performed on the herbal suspension. <em>In vitro</em> nephrolithiasis assessment was performed by nucleation assay, aggregation assay, and crystal growth assay. Thirty adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (six rats in each group). Group 1: negative control group without induction or treatment till day 28. Group 2: positive control group receiving a daily oral solution of 0.75% ethylene glycol till day 14, and mixed with distilled water till day 28. Group 3: standard group receiving a daily oral solution of 0.75% ethylene glycol till day 14 and Cystone (750 mg/kg) from day 15 to day 28. Group 4: low dose HAEAL group receiving a daily oral solution of 0.75% ethylene glycol till day 14, and 400 mg/kg HAEAL from day 15 to day 28 (1 mL per day). Group 5: high dose HAEAL group receiving a daily oral solution of 0.75% ethylene glycol till day 14, and 800 mg/kg HAEAL from day 15 to day 28 (1 mL per day). Urine (urine volume, pH value, appearance, odor, and turbidity) examination and serum test were performed. On day 29, the kidneys were dissected, and histopathology examination was performed to determine the degree of tubular injury.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The suspension showed stability and aroma with no turbidity at room temperature. The suspension did not show changes in color and odor until day 3, indicating that the preparation was stable for 72 h. Body weight decreased in the positive control group indicating stone formation and changes in water intake. Both standard and HAEAL treatments restored the body weight to normal levels after treatment, indicating the beneficial effects of the treatment. Histopathological examination revealed no significant findings in the negative control group, whereas the positive control group showed inflammation in the kidney parenchyma. Compared with positive control group, there was increase in urine volume and excretion of urinary constituents such as calcium and oxalate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) as well as improved clearance rate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in HAEAL treatment groups, in addition, the urine pH value of HAEAL groups was increased.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>HAEAL reduced nephrolithiasis formation and had a diuretic effect, which could be used to promote the expulsion of stones. Further studies are needed to enhance the stability of the suspension","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000362/pdfft?md5=eb02f29ed4c7b5deaf049b0536fafc2b&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000362-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76024554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MEDICLOUD: a holistic study on the digital evolution of medical data","authors":"Astha Modi ,&nbsp;Nandish Bhayani ,&nbsp;Samir Patel ,&nbsp;Manan Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taught us many valuable lessons regarding the importance of our physical and mental health. Even with so many technological advancements, we still lag in developing a system that can fully digitalize the medical data of each individual and make it readily accessible for both the patient and health worker at any point in time. Moreover, there are also no ways for the government to identify the legitimacy of a particular clinic. This study merges modern technology with traditional approaches, thereby highlighting a scenario where artificial intelligence (AI) merges with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), proposing a way to advance the conventional approaches. The main objective of our research is to provide a one-stop platform for the government, doctors, nurses, and patients to access their data effortlessly. The proposed portal will also check the doctors’ authenticity. Data is one of the most critical assets of an organization, so a breach of data can risk users' lives. Data security is of primary importance and must be prioritized. The proposed methodology is based on cloud computing technology which assures the security of the data and avoids any kind of breach. The study also accounts for the difficulties encountered in creating such an infrastructure in the cloud and overcomes the hurdles faced during the project, keeping enough room for possible future innovations. To summarize, this study focuses on the digitalization of medical data and suggests some possible ways to achieve it. Moreover, it also focuses on some related aspects like security and potential digitalization difficulties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000295/pdfft?md5=37687e3f14622b04692440a3032428dc&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000295-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72521891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) in treating diabetic nephropathy complicated with depression based on network pharmacology","authors":"Lei Xing ,&nbsp;Chen Qingyao ,&nbsp;Wang Xiaoping ,&nbsp;Xu Jie ,&nbsp;Gao Yazhen ,&nbsp;Lin Qiaohong ,&nbsp;Ye Zuwen ,&nbsp;Zhang Jieyan ,&nbsp;Si Qin ,&nbsp;Wang Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To predict the molecular mechanism of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) complicated with depression based on network pharmacology.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The components of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) were identified from the Integrated Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMIP), Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and relevant literature. The component targets were detected by combining the SwissTargetPrediction and PubChem databases. Disease targets were collected from the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), DisGeNET, and Ensembl databases with “diabetic nephropathy” and “depression” as keywords. The disease-component targets were mapped using Venny 2.1.0 to obtain potential targets. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database and Cytoscape 3.7.2. The co-expression genes of the key targets were collected based on the COXPRESdb 7.3. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed for potential targets using R language. Target-component docking was verified and evaluated using Discovery Studio 4.5.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>According to the databases and literature reports, Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) contained 65 active components, and had 155 related targets for the treatment of DN complicated with depression. PPI screening showed that the key targets included serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (AKT1), signal transducer and activator transcription 3 (STAT3), interleukin 6 (IL-6), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), etc. GO enrichment analysis mainly involved biological processes, such as lipid metabolism, protein secretion regulation, cell homeostasis, and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase activity. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis included the role of the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complements, insulin resistance (IR), neurotrophin signal path, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), etc. Molecular docking showed that the target had high affinity for stachyose, manninotriose, verbascose, nigerose, etc.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on network parmacology, this study preliminarily predict the effects of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) in treating DN complicated with depression by regulating inflammation, glucose metabolism, nution nerve, etc.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000349/pdfft?md5=b93535bbe344dc0cef61d466afacc9d1&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000349-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76423545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-set correlation analysis of medical records of thyroid cancer treated by traditional Chinese medicine Master ZHOU Zhongying","authors":"Xu Ziyuan ,&nbsp;Zhu Yao ,&nbsp;Lu Ming ,&nbsp;Zhou Zhongying","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Based on intra-set correlation analysis, this paper deconstructs the clinical medical records of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Master ZHOU Zhongying in treating thyroid cancer, and analyzes the experience in “mechanism-syndrome-medicine-prescription” for thyroid cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Through Medcase data processing platform, based on Frequent Pattern (FP)-Growth enhanced correlation analysis algorithm, the medical records of Professor ZHOU Zhongying for the treatment of thyroid cancer from June 1, 2001 to February 28, 2015 were analyzed within the set.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>This study involved 43 medical records, 43 patients, and 167 visits. After processing intra-set correlations, 28 groups of highly correlated symptoms, 21 groups of highly correlated tongue images, 10 groups of highly correlated pulse conditions, 28 groups of highly correlated pathogenesis, 34 groups of highly correlated herbs, and 26 groups of highly correlated western medicine diagnosis were selected. Professor ZHOU Zhongying treats thyroid cancer according to syndrome differentiation. Symptoms with more association rules included neck swelling, neck pain, cough, and dry mouth; tongue images with more association rules included dark purple tongue, dark red tongue, and fissured tongue; pulse conditions with more association rules were wiry pulse, thready pulse, small pulse, and slippery pulse; the pathogenesis with more association rules was phlegm and blood stasis, damp-heat accumulation, and impairment of both Qi and Yin; herbs with more association rules were Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Zeqi (Sun Euphoribiae Herb), and Tiandong (Asparagi Radix); western medicine diagnosis with more association rules included thyroid cancer, insomnia, and chronic gastritis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Thyroid cancer mostly presents as deficiency in origin and excess in manifestations. The basic pathogenesis is phlegm and blood stasis, damp-heat accumulation, and impairment of both Qi and Yin, which are closely related to liver, kidney, and spleen. Professor ZHOU Zhongying adopts both attack and supplement approaches as the general treatment principle, with a strong emphasis on regulating Qi and relieving depression, eliminating phlegm and resolving stagnation, eliminating dampness and turbidity, clearing fire and destroying poison, moistening dryness and softening hard mass, invigorating Qi and nourishing Yin, and paying attention to nourishing liver and kidney, invigorating spleen and stomach, while protecting the heart and lungs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000313/pdfft?md5=f54a7d6b97a70f0fe9a030bda6f3142b&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000313-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77693558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}