The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection最新文献_第3页

Community knowledge variation, bed-net coverage and the role of a district healthcare system, and their implications for malaria control in southern Malawi 马拉维南部社区知识差异、蚊帐覆盖率和地区卫生保健系统的作用及其对疟疾控制的影响

The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2012-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2012.11441496

AM Grimason, TD Morse, NS Ferguson

{"title":"Community knowledge variation, bed-net coverage and the role of a district healthcare system, and their implications for malaria control in southern Malawi","authors":"AM Grimason, TD Morse, NS Ferguson","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2012.11441496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2012.11441496","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents data on the pattern of knowledge of caregivers, bed-net coverage and the role of a rural district healthcare system, and their implications for malaria transmission, treatment, prevention and control in Chikhwawa, southern Malawi, using multi-level logistic regression modelling with Bayesian estimation. The majority of caregivers could identify the main symptoms of malaria, that the mosquito was the vector, and that insecticide-treated nets (ITN) could be used to cover beds as an effective preventative measure, although cost was a prohibitive factor. Use of bed nets displayed significant variation between communities. Groups that were more knowledgeable on malaria prevention and symptoms included young mothers, people who had attended school, wealthy individuals, those residing closest to government hospitals and health posts, and communities that had access to a health surveillance assistant (HSA). HSAs should be trained on malaria intervention programmes, and tasked with the responsibility of working with village health committees to develop community-based malaria intervention programmes. These programmes should include appropriate and affordable household improvement methods, identification of high-risk groups, distribution of ITNs and the incorporation of larval control measures, to reduce exposure to the vector and parasite. This would reduce the transmission and prevalence of malaria at community level.","PeriodicalId":335691,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129329718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Comparison of empyema thoracis in HIV-infected and non-infected patients with regard to aetiology and outcome hiv感染与非hiv感染患者胸脓肿病因及预后的比较

The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2012-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2012.11441507

G. Kaye-Eddie, A. Black

{"title":"Comparison of empyema thoracis in HIV-infected and non-infected patients with regard to aetiology and outcome","authors":"G. Kaye-Eddie, A. Black","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2012.11441507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2012.11441507","url":null,"abstract":"Empyema thoracis remains a problem in developing countries. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a risk factor for the development of empyema. There is a clinical impression that HIV-infected patients with empyema have worse outcomes. This study was conducted to assess whether HIV infection affected aetiology or outcomes of patients with empyema. A retrospective review was conducted of 172 patients, meeting established criteria for the diagnosis of empyema, who were admitted to Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital between January 2006 and December 2009. HIV-infected and non-infected patients were evaluated for differences in aetiology and outcomes, including length of stay, surgical intervention and local complications of closed-tube thoracostomy. A sub-analysis of HIV-infected patients stratified according to CD4 cell count and use of antiretrovirals (ARVs) was also performed. Of the 172 patients, 125 (73%) were HIV infected, and 47 (27%) were non-infected. HIV-infected patients with lower CD4 cell counts were more likely to be diagnosed with clinical tuberculosis. More commonly, the aetiology of empyema was not determined in HIV-non-infected patients. HIV-infected patients on ARVs were more likely to have thoracic surgery and had shorter hospital stays than those not on ARVs. This study failed to demonstrate any significant differences in aetiology among HIV-infected vs. non-infected patients with empyema. There was a trend towards more Gram-negative infections in the HIV-infected group. ARV use was associated with improved outcomes with regard to cardiothoracic intervention and length of hospital stay.","PeriodicalId":335691,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122214458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Review: The Origins of AIDS, by Jacques Pepin 书评:《艾滋病的起源》，雅克·佩平著

The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2012-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2012.11441482

C. Ihekweazu

引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine samples in South Africa from 2007 - 2011 2007 - 2011年从南非尿液样本中分离出的大肠杆菌菌株的抗菌药敏模式

The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2012-05-24 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2012.11441483

C. Bamford, Kim Bonorchis, A. Ryan, R. Hoffmann, P. Naicker, M. Maloba, T. Nana, I. Zietsman, C. Govind

{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine samples in South Africa from 2007 - 2011","authors":"C. Bamford, Kim Bonorchis, A. Ryan, R. Hoffmann, P. Naicker, M. Maloba, T. Nana, I. Zietsman, C. Govind","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2012.11441483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2012.11441483","url":null,"abstract":"Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections. Knowledge of its local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns can be used to inform choice of empiric antimicrobial therapy. In this article, we review data on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E. coli isolated from unselected urine specimens, in both the private and public sectors of South Africa from 20072011. Between 65 000-84 000 E. coli urinary isolates were reported annually from 19 laboratories located across South Africa. Susceptibility to fluoroquinolone and beta-lactam antibiotics decreased significantly and steadily in both private and public sectors over the five-year period, although laboratory-based surveillance data may underestimate susceptibility rates due to selection bias and lack of differentiation between community- and hospital-acquired infections. Our data suggest that fluoroquinolones, co-amoxiclav and first- and second-generation cephalosporins can still be used for empiric treatment in many local settings, but clinicians should be alert to the risk of treatment failure. With the withdrawal of nitrofurantoin from the local market, other oral antibiotic options are limited, and fosfomcyin may become increasingly important. Given their sustained high susceptibility rates, aminoglycosides should be considered to treat pyelonephritis more often. Judicious use of laboratory testing is advised and further research and surveillance is warranted.","PeriodicalId":335691,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117076720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Rotaviruses and emerging picornaviruses as aetiological agents of acute gastroenteritis 轮状病毒和新出现的小核糖核酸病毒作为急性胃肠炎的病原

The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2012-05-21 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2012.11441501

C. Knox, G. Luke, J. Dewar, P. D. Felipe, B. J. Williams

引用次数: 7

Microbiological evaluation and antimicrobial treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections 复杂腹腔内感染的微生物学评价及抗菌治疗

The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2012-05-15 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2012.11441484

H. V. D. Plas

引用次数: 7

Detection and management of acute HIV infections in patients with sexually transmitted infections: a window of opportunity for HIV prevention within South Africa? 性传播感染患者急性艾滋病毒感染的检测和管理:南非预防艾滋病毒的机会之窗?

The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2012-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2012.11441502

D. Lewis

{"title":"Detection and management of acute HIV infections in patients with sexually transmitted infections: a window of opportunity for HIV prevention within South Africa?","authors":"D. Lewis","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2012.11441502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2012.11441502","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are highly infectious to their uninfected sexual partners. The level of this infectiousness is thought to be as much as 26 times greater than that observed during chronic HIV infection, and may be further elevated in patients with coexisting sexually transmitted infections (STI). The sexual partners of acute HIV infection patients with STIs may be more vulnerable to HIV acquisition, because of genital tract inflammation and ulcerations. Data from international and South African studies demonstrate that STI patients are a high-risk population for acute HIV infection. However, most acute HIV infection cases remain clinically undiagnosed, and scoring algorithms offer little assistance to physicians and nurses in terms of improving their diagnostic ability. Laboratory testing of blood specimens remains the only effective means of diagnosis. Laboratory costs have been reduced through the use of pooling strategies for HIV nucleic acid detection, and algorithms that incorporate dual HIV rapid tests and ultrasensitive p24 antigen assays. The availability of these diagnostic tools and antiretroviral drugs means that there is a window of opportunity to enhance HIV prevention activities in South Africa. This can be achieved by screening STI patients for acute HIV infection, in order to initiate appropriate medical management, risk reduction counselling and partner notification.","PeriodicalId":335691,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126717290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Acute gastroenteritis among children in the developing world 发展中国家儿童的急性胃肠炎

The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2012-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2012.11441503

A. Revelas

引用次数: 19

Multidrug-resistant nosocomial infections among private hospital patients in the North West province 西北省私立医院患者的耐多药医院感染

The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2012-01-23 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2012.11441495

Thejane W Motladiile, J. Tumbo, Hundson Zvinavhashe, Calvinia Sebekedi, M. Rakau

引用次数: 0

A traveller returning to South Africa with fever and haemorrhagic rash 一名返回南非的旅行者，伴有发烧和出疹

The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2012-01-03 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2012.11441511

G. Nyale, Peter W. Munyu, G. Richards

引用次数: 0