Jiayu Liao , Rui Zeng , Yiran Tao , Xing Wen , Liqiang Hu , Yueqiu Liu , Guizhi Du , Fan Zhang , Yulan Deng , Zhaoyuan Tang , Lunxu Liu , Jingqiu Cheng , Wei Zhang
{"title":"Predictive intervention medicine: a ML/AI/big data-driven pathway toward better healthcare system in the future","authors":"Jiayu Liao , Rui Zeng , Yiran Tao , Xing Wen , Liqiang Hu , Yueqiu Liu , Guizhi Du , Fan Zhang , Yulan Deng , Zhaoyuan Tang , Lunxu Liu , Jingqiu Cheng , Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current healthcare system mainly focusses on disease treatments. However, at current time, many diseases either lacks reversible approaches and need life-time medicines, such as diabetes, or need high medical costs, such as cancers. The recent rapid developments in Big Data, Machine Learning(ML), and Artificial Intelligence(AI), it is possible to develop disease predictive models for early or pre-diseases, and then followed with effective interventions. The data used in this process can include multidimensional data, such as medical exam data, biochemical data, multiomics data, environmental data and geographic data as well as imaging data. The interventive approaches can vary too, such as life-style changes, nutrition modification, immune modulation and herb supplements. If these overall processes are well monitored and controlled, similar to current drug discovery/development process, it can form a new type of medical science-predictive interventive medicine. A major difference between the traditional preventive medicine and the predictive interventive medicine is that the predicted disease risk is associated with individual, not the population, in the latter case. The effective implementation of the predictive interventive medicine can bring multiple benefits to improve the current healthcare system. First, it can prevent and/or slow down disease progression of individuals; Second, the reduction of diseases of individuals can improve personal life quality and reduce burdens for the family; Third, most of interventive approaches are less expensive than therapeutics, therefore, can reduce financial pressure of medical cares for both individuals and governments. We therefore propose that the predictive interventive medicine can be an effective strategy for better healthcare in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Drug Discovery","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anle138b improves insulin resistance in mice and its possible signal pathways","authors":"Shiwaner Chen , Qiuyun Ren , Jieling Chen , Xiaona Liu , Rongni Huang , Bing Huang , Naili Wei , Jie Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insulin resistance (IR), a hallmark of metabolic syndrome, is characterized by diminished tissue sensitivity to insulin, leading to hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and strong associations with metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of anle138b, a highly active small-molecule compound derived from 3,5-diphenylpyridine (DPP), in treating IR. Using a C57BL/6J mouse model with stable metabolic dysfunction, induced by a high-fat diet, we demonstrate that anle138b treatment improved key metabolic parameters compared to controls. Specifically, anle138b reduced fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and fasting insulin levels, and improved HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of IR) scores. Additionally, anle138b enhanced glucose tolerance and lowered elevated organ indices, including liver index and epididymal fat index. Histopathological analysis revealed morphological recovery of pancreatic acinar cells and hepatic cord architecture, along with reduced ectopic fat deposition. Mechanistically, qPCR and western blot analyses showed that anle138b downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of both SREBP-1c and ADRA2A in the pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscle. These findings suggest that anle138b ameliorates IR by modulating SREBP-1c- and ADRA2A-mediated signaling pathways. Given the growing need for novel hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering agents, anle138b represents a promising therapeutic candidate for metabolic disorders, offering a potential strategy to combat diabetes and IR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Drug Discovery","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenxin Li , Quanxiao Li , Qingtong Zhou , Yanling Wu , Ming-Wei Wang , Tianlei Ying
{"title":"A bispecific ADC against CCR8 and TNFR2 elicits potent antitumor efficacy","authors":"Wenxin Li , Quanxiao Li , Qingtong Zhou , Yanling Wu , Ming-Wei Wang , Tianlei Ying","doi":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T (Ti-Treg) cells play a pivotal role in suppressing antitumor immune responses within tumor microenvironment. Targeted depletion of Treg cells has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance antitumor immunity. However, current approaches such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that target a single Treg-associated antigen often suffer from limited specificity and efficacy. Here, we developed four formats of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) targeting mouse C–C motif chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), two surface markers predominantly expressed on Treg cells. These BsAbs were efficiently expressed with retained high-affinity binding to both antigens. By conjugation with pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer payload using a cleavable linker, the resulting bispecific ADCs (BsADCs) exhibited potent cytotoxic activity <em>in vivo</em>. In murine syngeneic tumor models, BsADCs significantly suppressed tumor growth and exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy over monospecific ADCs, achieving complete tumor regression in 4 out of 5 mice (80%). Collectively, our findings have established a BsADC-based strategy for selective Treg depletion, providing a novel immunotherapeutic approach for solid tumors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Drug Discovery","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vikas Kumar , Aditi Singh , Nitin Sharma , Rakshandha Saini , Harsh Kumar , Mohamed El–Shazly , Kamal Dev
{"title":"Combating bacterial antibiotic resistance with phytocompounds: Current trends and future perspectives","authors":"Vikas Kumar , Aditi Singh , Nitin Sharma , Rakshandha Saini , Harsh Kumar , Mohamed El–Shazly , Kamal Dev","doi":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global effort to combat multidrug resistance (MDR) has placed a significant economic burden on countries across the world. Antibiotics, celebrated throughout the 20th century for their remarkable ability to treat infectious diseases, have been compromised by their misuse and overuse, leading to the widespread emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, there is growing interest in plant-based solutions, as approximately 30–50% of existing drugs are derived from medicinal plants. This review explores the potential of plants, which produce a wide range of secondary metabolites, to provide novel antibiotics that can address bacterial resistance. We also discuss the processes via which phytocompounds (synonymous with phytoceuticals) assist in overcoming the increase in resistance and strategies in combining them with conventional antibiotics to prevent the life-threatening consequences of multidrug resistance. Additionally, challenges and safety concerns regarding the utilization of phytocompounds in MDR treatment are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Drug Discovery","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingxi Lin , Lihua Zhou , Rong Cang , Bing Han , Yang Li
{"title":"Fluoxetine promotes lysosome biogenesis via regulation of a RIOK2-TFEB axis","authors":"Lingxi Lin , Lihua Zhou , Rong Cang , Bing Han , Yang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lysosomes are central to cellular proteostasis and metabolic homeostasis, and their dysfunction contributes to neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. The transcription factor TFEB coordinates lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy through phosphorylation-dependent regulation. Based on our previous finding that the dopamine transporter inhibitor LH2-051 activates TFEB and enhances lysosomal biogenesis, we asked whether other neurotransmitter transporter inhibitors exert similar effects. Here, we identify fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), as a new modulator of the TFEB–lysosome axis. Fluoxetine promotes TFEB nuclear translocation and lysosomal gene expression independently of mTORC1, GSK3β, CDK9, or serotonergic signaling. Mechanistically, fluoxetine induces dephosphorylation of TFEB at Ser74 and Ser151 by inhibiting the atypical kinase RIOK2, revealing a previously unrecognized RIOK2–TFEB regulatory pathway. Fluoxetine-induced activation of TFEB enhances lysosome-dependent degradation of lipid droplets and pathogenic protein aggregates (Aβ, α-synuclein, and polyQ). These findings uncover a serotonin-independent biological action of fluoxetine and suggest that neurotransmitter transporter inhibitors may constitute a pharmacological class that can systemically enhance lysosomal function in neurodegenerative disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Drug Discovery","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular strategies in BRAF targeting: advances in patents, structure activity relationship and future prospects","authors":"Purabi Saha , Jugnu Goyal , Shammy Jindal , Vikramdeep Monga , Kamya Goyal","doi":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>BRAF, a serine or threonine protein kinase, plays a crucial role in the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and is implicated in various malignancies, including melanoma, colorectal, lung, thyroid, and hematologic cancers. The V600E mutation is the most prevalent BRAF alteration, leading to constitutive kinase activation and uncontrolled cell proliferation. This review comprehensively discusses molecular strategies targeting BRAF, including structure–activity relationships (SARs), recent advancements in small-molecule inhibitors, and their clinical implications. FDA-approved some BRAF inhibitors, such as Encorafenib, Vemurafenib and Dabrafenib have significantly improved patient outcomes, particularly in melanoma. However, resistance mechanisms, including reactivation of MAPK signaling and alternate oncogenic pathways, pose therapeutic challenges. The development of next-generation inhibitors, combination therapies targeting MEK and ERK, and novel small molecules are promising approaches to overcoming resistance. This review further highlights recent patents, clinical trial data, and future prospects in BRAF-targeted therapies. Understanding the intricate signaling mechanisms and resistance pathways will aid in designing effective treatment strategies for BRAF-mutated cancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Drug Discovery","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pooja Shree Sugumar , R Sivaramakrishnan , Gopalakrishnan Velliyur Kanniappan , Vijayalakshmi Pandurangan , Selvaraj Jayaraman , Vinoth Kumar Dhayalan , Monica Mironescu , Ion Dan Mironescu , Chella Perumal Palanisamy
{"title":"Antioxidant and biocompatible CuO-starch/PVA nanoscaffolds via ultrasonic green synthesis using Turbinaria conoides (brown marine macroalgae)","authors":"Pooja Shree Sugumar , R Sivaramakrishnan , Gopalakrishnan Velliyur Kanniappan , Vijayalakshmi Pandurangan , Selvaraj Jayaraman , Vinoth Kumar Dhayalan , Monica Mironescu , Ion Dan Mironescu , Chella Perumal Palanisamy","doi":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports, sustainable and biogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using<!--> <!-->ultrasonic-assisted <em>Turbinaria conoides</em> <!-->aqueous extract and their incorporation into starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electrospun nanoscaffolds for biomedical applications. The biosynthesized CuO NPs exhibited characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 270–300 nm and a monoclinic crystalline structure, as confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy and XRD analysis. FTIR spectra revealed successful CuO NPs-polymer interactions, while SEM imaging showed uniform nanofibers with well-dispersed CuO NPs. The nanocomposite scaffolds demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, with decomposition onset at 326.78 °C, and excellent biocompatibility (cell viability ≥ 100 % in MTT assays). The CuO-loaded scaffolds exhibited higher antioxidant activity (IC<sub>50</sub> ∼ 18 µg/mL) compared to bare NPs (IC<sub>50</sub> ∼ 28 µg/mL). Although zeta potential measurements indicated moderate colloidal stability (−11.39 mV), the overall results highlight the potential of these nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering and therapeutic applications, particularly in wound healing and oxidative stress management. This green synthesis approach offers a sustainable platform for developing functional biomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Drug Discovery","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determine interaction affinity changes of the SUMO E1 activating enzymes during SUMO activation using qFRET technology","authors":"Ling Jiang , Yiran Tao , Xin Wen , Jiayu Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heterodimeric E1 complex, Aos1-Uba2, catalyzes the first adenylation activation of the SUMO1 peptide in the SUMOylation cascade. The reaction affinity and dynamics of the Aos1-Uba2 heterodimer during the first step activation have yet to be determined. The <em>K<sub>d</sub></em> for the Aos1-Uba2 interaction provides a unique perspective for the activation step of the ubiquitin-like protein conjugation cascade. Here, we report for the first time the determination of the Aos1 and Uba2 interaction dissociation constant (<em>K<sub>d</sub></em>) and kinetics using the qFRET assay. We also used the SPR method to verify the interaction <em>K<sub>d</sub></em> between Aos1 and Uba2. We also determined the kinetics changes of Aos1-Uba2 when SUMOs and ATP were added to the reaction in real time. The results showed that forming a thioester bond between SUMO1 and Uba2 increases the FRET signal, indicating that the E1 heterodimer is more stable and bound to each other in SUMO and ATP. These results suggest that the qFRET method can be used to determine protein interaction affinity changes and track real-time changes in protein conformation and dynamics changes during biochemical reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Drug Discovery","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Khalid Saifullah, Ahasan, Mohammad Kaleem, Elaf Raneem, Amisha Gupta, Mohd Amir, M. Mumtaz Alam, Mymoona Akhter, Sharba Tasneem, M. Shaquiquzzaman
{"title":"A comprehensive review of structure activity relationships: exploration of chalcone derivatives as anticancer agents, target-based and cell line-specific insights","authors":"Md Khalid Saifullah, Ahasan, Mohammad Kaleem, Elaf Raneem, Amisha Gupta, Mohd Amir, M. Mumtaz Alam, Mymoona Akhter, Sharba Tasneem, M. Shaquiquzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer is still one of the world’s leading causes of mortality and developing effective therapies for it is extremely difficult. An ongoing study is dedicated to identifying suitable medicinal agents for cancer therapy. Among these, Chalcones are one of the components that have attracted a lot of attention because of their unique and varied pharmacological characteristics. Across a range of cancer types, several chalcone compounds have shown encouraging anticancer efficacy. This review covers current breakthroughs in the research of natural and synthesized chalcones with anticancer potential. It examines chalcones that target specific enzymes involved in cancer treatment, discusses their structure–activity relationships, docking studies were carried out on target-specific proteins (PDB IDs) and presents the structures of the most promising compounds together with their biological activities.The impressive results showcased by these chalcone-based scaffolds position them as leading contenders in the search for new anticancer drug candidates, offering valuable insights for researchers focused on synthesizing novel therapeutic agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Drug Discovery","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthetic advances and SAR insights of pyrazole-based VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitors","authors":"Deepali M. Wanode , Pramod B. Khedekar","doi":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medidd.2025.100227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>VEGFR-2 imparts main role in angiogenesis and tumor progression, establishing it as a crucial target in anticancer drug discovery. Pyrazole is a versatile moiety with broad spectrum of biological activities, notably anticancer potential. This review highlights recent progress in the development of pyrazole-based compounds, an overview of the available methodologies for the synthesis and biological evaluation as potent VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitors. A comprehensive SAR analysis is presented to elucidate key molecular modifications that enhance anticancer efficacy. Particular focus is given to substitution patterns on the pyrazole ring and the integration of hybrid pharmacophores to improve target selectivity and overall biological performance. Furthermore, molecular docking studies and cytotoxicity evaluations against various cancer cell lines are discussed to support the therapeutic relevance of these compounds. Collectively, the findings underscore pyrazole derivatives as promising candidates for the development of future anticancer agents targeting VEGFR-2 kinase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Drug Discovery","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}