Infection Prevention in Practice最新文献

{"title":"Understanding the landscape of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs), and spotlighting opportunities for control in England","authors":"Akaninyene Otu ,&nbsp;Jacquelyn McCormick ,&nbsp;Katherine L. Henderson ,&nbsp;Alice Ledda ,&nbsp;Danièle Meunier ,&nbsp;Bharat Patel ,&nbsp;Colin S. Brown ,&nbsp;Susie Singleton ,&nbsp;Emily L. Mason ,&nbsp;Jasmin Islam ,&nbsp;Ginny Moore ,&nbsp;Katie L. Hopkins ,&nbsp;Dakshika Jeyaratnam","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) are an increasing global public health threat for which there are limited effective and affordable therapeutic options. The rise in the incidence of CPO infections and colonisations recorded across the UK and beyond over the last 20 years necessitates a need to review and update strategies for control. It is important to review other countries’ frameworks for CPO control and significant CPO outbreaks as these could inform the design of an efficient public health response. Despite many nations reacting to the rise by upscaling public health surveillance of CPOs (and the introduction of mandatory notification in England), improvements in laboratory detection methods, and the linkage of data across jurisdictions, significant challenges remain. For example, though predominantly acquired via cross-transmission between patients in healthcare, there are reports of human infections putatively acquired from CPOs harboured in the natural environment. Given the role of one-health in AMR, this is an important consideration. In this article, we outline some of the CPO control strategies adopted across different countries to give a sense of the global picture, and expand on why, in addition to controls in healthcare, there is a strong need to consider a One-Health approach. We describe the existing framework for CPO control in England and emphasise the importance of an integrated, multi-disciplinary and cross-sectoral strategy for dealing with the multifaceted problem posed by CPO in England.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":"Article 100480"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol-based hand rub consumption and hand hygiene compliance: a cross-sectional study using digital direct-observation tools in Slovakia","authors":"Chebenová Vanesa ,&nbsp;Bučková Veronika ,&nbsp;Škvarková Zuzana ,&nbsp;Balintová Natália ,&nbsp;Sokolová Jaroslava","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hand hygiene (HH) among healthcare professionals (HCPs) is a key component in ensuring safe and high-quality healthcare. Monitoring the Five moments for HH according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines remains the gold standard for compliance assessment. Proper HH is the most effective measure to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAI).</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This cross-sectional study aimed to quantify HH compliance and alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) consumption among HCPS at the University Hospital Trnava in Slovakia and to compare results between the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>HH compliance was monitored during the pre-pandemic period (2018–2019) and the post-pandemic period (2022–2023). Compliance was assessed among different groups of HCPs – physicians, nurses and other healthcare personnel (e.g., physiotherapists, orderlies and students). Monitoring was conducted using WHO methodology and recorded via the OBSERVE app.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>During the pre-pandemic period, overall HH compliance was 50.2% (95% CI, 48.7.-51.8), with nurses demonstrating the highest compliance rate. In the post-pandemic period, HH compliance remained nearly unchanged at (50.8%; 95% CI, 48.9–52.7). ABHR consumption increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, peaking at 48.4 litres/1 000 patient days (PD), but declined to 31.5 litres/1 000 PD by 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic positively influenced ABHR consumption and raised awareness of the importance of HH in clinical practice. However, overall HH compliance did not improve post-pandemic. Direct observation supported by a digital application proved to be an effective method for collecting HH compliance data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":"Article 100481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship programs at a tertiary-care hospital in Southwest Ethiopia: An opportunity to leverage the synergy","authors":"Mulualem Tadesse ,&nbsp;Selam Tesfaye ,&nbsp;Abebe Dukessa ,&nbsp;Belay Zawdie ,&nbsp;Birhanu Yenealem ,&nbsp;Kisi Chemeda ,&nbsp;Addisalem Gebre ,&nbsp;Daniel Dana ,&nbsp;Henok Gulilat ,&nbsp;Tadele Akeba Diriba ,&nbsp;Amare Assefa ,&nbsp;Diriba Fufa ,&nbsp;Gemeda Abebe","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Effective infection prevention and control (IPC) and antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are essential components of hospitals. This study aims to evaluate the status of IPC and ASPs at Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC), a tertiary care hospital, in Southwest Oromia, Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two parts. In part one, data on the core components of IPC were collected using the WHO Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF) tool. The hospital's IPC level was determined based on the total scores for the core components. In part two, ASP assessment tool was used to gather data on the core elements of ASPs, and the hospital's ASP status was determined based on the total scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall IPC scores of JUMC was 455, corresponding to an intermediate level. The highest scores were observed for the IPC program (70), monitoring and feedback of IPC practices (67.5), and multimodal strategies (65). The lowest scores were for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) surveillance (25) and IPC education and training (50). Regarding ASPs, the overall score was 51.2%, indicating a moderate level of ASP. Significant gaps were found in ASP core elements; education (0%), tracking antibiotic use (27.3%) and hospital leadership commitment (42.9%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The IPC and ASP programs at JUMC are performing at intermediate and moderate levels, respectively. Attention is required to strengthen HAIs surveillance, tracking of antibiotic uses, and education and training. The overlap between IPC and ASPs presents an opportunity for future collaborative efforts to enhance both programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":"Article 100489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of smartphone-based monitoring on reducing National Health Service visits for cardiothoracic patients with surgical site infections","authors":"Melissa Rochon ,&nbsp;Angila Jawarchan ,&nbsp;Jamie Croker ,&nbsp;Anna Thompson ,&nbsp;Glorea P. Rajakumar ,&nbsp;Nnadiebere Ayogu ,&nbsp;Karen Cariaga ,&nbsp;Ana Alves ,&nbsp;Judith Tanner","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a leading cause of postoperative morbidity, contributing to significant healthcare resource utilisation and economic burden. This study evaluates the impact of smartphone-based remote monitoring of surgical wounds on reducing healthcare visits for cardiothoracic patients with SSIs within the National Health Service (NHS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective, multi-site service evaluation was conducted at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (GSTT), encompassing three specialised cardiac hospitals in London. Adult patients having cardiothoracic surgery were monitored for SSI using the Isla digital platform. SSI rates and associated NHS visits were analysed and compared against national cardiothoracic data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>1,248 patients enrolled onto the Isla wound monitoring platform over a six-month period, showed an SSI rate of 6.7% and an overall response rate to Isla of 88%. 77 patients with an SSI at GSTT used 295 NHS visits, significantly fewer healthcare resources across nearly all visit types compared to national cardiothoracic SSI patients, including general practitioner (GP), nurse, outpatient and Accident and Emergency attendances (<em>P</em>&lt; 0.05). The only exception was readmissions for SSIs that developed after hospital discharge, where there was no significant difference between GSTT and national patients (<em>P</em> = 0.9197). The median wound healing time for patients with digital monitoring was 19 days (range 2–156 days), while the national data reports a mean time to heal of 91.7 days ±67.5.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Smartphone-based remote wound monitoring significantly reduced healthcare visits while maintaining effective SSI management, aligning with NHS objectives to enhance resource efficiency and patient convenience. These findings underscore the potential of remote monitoring in postoperative care and warrant further studies to assess its broader applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":"Article 100491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective cohort study of Gram-negative bacteraemia shows transmission of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in a UK Intensive Care Unit during the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"Rachel Bousfield ,&nbsp;Ruth Kappeler ,&nbsp;Sumita Pai ,&nbsp;Olly Allen ,&nbsp;Kathy Randall ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Keane ,&nbsp;Stephen Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The National incidence of bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by <em>Klebsiella Pneumoniae</em> increased during the Covid-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, whilst we observed an increase in BSI caused by Gram-negative bacteria in our adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We audited all Gram-negative bacterial BSIs between 13^th April 2020 and 25^th December 2021 in our ICU. In total, 41 organisms underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genome sequencing. Notable organisms isolated included 16 <em>Klebsiella</em> spp., 4 <em>E. coli</em>, and 4 <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, we observed a low prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms causing BSI on our unit. A fifth (4/20) of <em>E. coli</em> and <em>Klebsiella</em> spp. isolates carried ESBL or AmpC genes and a single <em>P. monteilli</em> carried the IMP-1 gene. At least 3/16 (19%) BSI with <em>Klebsiella</em> spp. were likely associated with transmission between patients in nearby beds. These transmission events were associated with two hypervirulent <em>K. pneumoniae</em> (ST412 and ST86) and a <em>K. aerogenes</em> ∗002b. Half of all <em>K. pneumoniae</em> associated with BSI were hypervirulent, having K2 or K57 capsule type and the presence of <em>iuc, iro, Rmp</em> genes.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Hypervirulent <em>K. pneumoniae</em> is an emerging problem, capable of causing a severe, disseminated infection. We suggest risk factors for transmission may include shared equipment, environmental and PPE contamination, and failure of effective hand hygiene. With COVID-19 infection endemic, if SARS-CoV-2 patients require cohort nursing in bays with sessional use gowns, we recommend these are short-sleeved, to facilitate effective hand hygiene. We argue strict Infection Control policy, including enhanced cleaning, is critical to reduce transmission of hypervirulent <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and advocate for enhanced national surveillance systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":"Article 100492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation and evaluation of infection prevention and control training in sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"D. Odada ,&nbsp;J. Ndai ,&nbsp;R. Thuku ,&nbsp;R. Adam","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Healthcare-associated infections remain a global concern, exacerbated by limited competent infection prevention and control personnel in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study evaluated infection prevention and control training using Kirkpatrick's model to determine its effectiveness in enhancing competence in infection preventionists in Kenya. This descriptive design assessed participants' knowledge and satisfaction with a training workshop through pre- and post-tests and a five-point Likert scale. Forty participants showed significant improvement in knowledge (pre-test: 49%, post-test: 64%; <em>P</em>&lt;0.05) and high satisfaction with the training workshop (mean 4.68/5). The findings affirm the effectiveness of structured training in LMICs to enhance competency, and underscore the need for formal professional development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":"Article 100485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A decade of epidemiology and incidence of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in a tertiary hospital in southern Europe","authors":"I. González-Gómez ,&nbsp;G. Ruíz-Carrascoso ,&nbsp;R. Herruzo-Cabrera","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are a growing issue that healthcare systems all over the world are facing and which have been producing clinical cases for &gt;20 years, with a spike in incidence in the last decade. In the Universitary Hospital of La Paz (HULP), the first CPE outbreak occurred in 2011 and incidence has been variable since then.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To conduct an epidemiological analysis of the distribution and microbiological characteristics of the four main types of carbapenemases (OXA-48, VIM, KPC, and NDM) obtained from bacteria isolated in the HULP, a tertiary hospital north of the city of Madrid, between 2012 and 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An observational retrospective analysis was performed to attain the incidence characteristics of CPE and their associated outbreaks. The study used data from 5723 individual cases for which the sex and age of the patient, type of sample, isolated bacteria, type of carbapenemase, type of case (infection or colonization) and where and when the isolate was obtained.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Since the first outbreak of CPE was detected in 2011, contain-and-response protocols were put in place to avoid the spread of CPE within the hospital setting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The implementation of CPE infection preventention and control guidance since 2013 and (in 2022) updated protocols has impacted the number of cases, but further incidence studies should be conducted to analyse the effectiveness of these measures and assess the patterns of carbapenemase genes over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of vaccination and healthcare acquisition in respiratory failure during a COVID-19 outbreak in an acute hospital in Wales","authors":"Craig Hogg ,&nbsp;Caoimhe McKerr ,&nbsp;Noel Craine ,&nbsp;Dafydd Williams ,&nbsp;Malorie Perry ,&nbsp;Simon Cottrell","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides descriptive analysis of a COVID-19 outbreak of 323 cases in a Welsh hospital in early 2021, with a focus on respiratory failure (RF) as a severe outcome. Multivariate analysis demonstrated decreased odds of RF in healthcare acquired cases (aOR 0.40 (95%CI 0.24–0.65), <em>p</em>&lt;0.001) and individuals with at least one dose of vaccine 14 days before first positive test (aOR 0.45 (95%CI 0.28–0.75), <em>p</em>=0.002). In healthcare acquired cases, vaccination significantly reduced the odds of RF (OR 0.47 (95%CI 0.22-0.00), <em>p</em>=0.037). This analysis highlights the importance of vaccination as a protective factor against severe respiratory outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral effect of 222 nm far-UVC light against human coronavirus and rhinovirus, and murine norovirus using dried inocula","authors":"Ana C. Lorenzo-Leal,&nbsp;Donald Tam,&nbsp;Horacio Bach","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100473","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccination and use of antibiotics in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Marios Politis ,&nbsp;Ioanna Chatzichristodoulou ,&nbsp;Varvara A. Mouchtouri ,&nbsp;Georgios Rachiotis","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2025.100461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vaccinations are considered one of the most effective medical interventions. Among other benefits, certain vaccinations help reduce antimicrobial resistance by decreasing antibiotic use. Considering reports of increased antimicrobial resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to explore the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination status and antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar between January 1, 2021, and November 6, 2024. The included studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool. Narrative synthesis and random-effects meta-analysis were employed to synthesize the evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eight studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis (134,022 participants). COVID-19 vaccination was significantly associated with a 34% reduction in the odds of antibiotic use (OR: 0.662; 95% CI: 0.540–0.811) in COVID-19 patients. These findings were supported by the sensitivity analyses. In the subgroup analysis, a significant negative association was observed between COVID-19 vaccination and antibiotic use among COVID-19 patients across all study designs. A major limitation of this study is that most of the included studies did not adjust for confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a significant reduction in antibiotic use among COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 vaccination status may have influenced healthcare providers' decisions regarding antibiotic use in this group. Further large-scale cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.</div></div><div><h3>Other</h3><div>The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023449625). No funding was provided for this study. The APCs were covered by the Karolinska Institute.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}