Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia最新文献

{"title":"Role of BKCa channels in pial vessel dilation in rats of different ages","authors":"V. N. Shuvaeva, O. P. Gorshkova","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-79-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-79-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the mechanisms of age-related changes in vascular reactions and applying the acquired\u0000knowledge in the clinic can help reduce complications and mortality from diseases of the\u0000cardiovascular system, the frequency of which increases with age. This study is important because with aging, endothelial dysfunction increases and cerebral circulation disorders caused\u0000by the occurrence of ischemic foci are observed. One of the main elements in the regulation of\u0000vascular tone, along with many important mechanisms, are potassium ion channels. In this\u0000work, we studied age-related changes in the role of calcium-activated potassium channels\u0000(BKCa) in acetylcholine-mediated dilatation of cerebral arteries in Wistar rats, since their\u0000contribution to vasodilation in aging is poorly understood. Using intravital microphotography\u0000(×470), we compared the responses of pial arteries to acetylcholine chloride (ACh, 10-7 M,\u00005 min) in the absence and against the background of BKCa blockade with tetraethylammonium\u0000chloride (TEA, 2 mM, 5 min) in aged Wistar rats 4, 6, 9, 18 and 24 months. Changes in the\u0000contribution of BKCa to vascular dilatation were assessed by changes in the number of dilatations\u0000of the pial arteries on the exposure to ACh after BKCa blockade, measuring the width of vessels\u0000in 3 separate groups of arteries: small (with a diameter of less than 20 μm), medium (20–40 μm)\u0000and large (more than 40 μm). It has been shown that ACh-induced dilatation depends on the\u0000initial diameter of the arteries. Inhibition of BKCa activity in 4-month-old rats reduces the\u0000number of ACh-induced dilatations in all groups of arteries studied. Compared to 4-month-old\u0000rats, in 6- and 18-month-old rats the contribution of BKCa channels to the dilatation of small\u0000arteries is reduced, in 9- and 24-month-old rats the contribution of BKCa channels to the\u0000dilatation of medium arteries is increased; the contribution of BKCa to the dilatation of large\u0000arteries decreases starting from 6 months of age. Dilatation of the pial arteries of Wistar rats at\u0000the age of 4–24 months depends on the initial diameter of the vessel. BKCa play a significant role\u0000in ACh-mediated dilatation of these vessels. Age-related impairments in the contribution of\u0000these channels to ACh-mediated dilatation of pial arteries develop gradually, have a wave-like\u0000course and depend on the diameter of the arteries. The identified disturbances in the functional\u0000activity of the BKCa can serve as therapeutic targets for the creation of new technologies for the\u0000treatment of age-related lesions of cerebral vessels.","PeriodicalId":334823,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia","volume":"115 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEAF FUNCTIONAL TRAITS AND STRATEGIES OF PLANTS IN SUBALPINE CALAMAGROSTIS MEADOWS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN CAUCASUS","authors":"T. Poloshevets, V. Onipchenko, E. Sandalova, T. M. Dzhatdoeva, T. Elumeeva","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-79-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-79-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of plant functional traits and strategies is the main direction to study the formation mechanisms of the composition and structure of plant communities. Comparison of the mean species trait values with a random sample of a local fl ora allows us to determine the importance of the trait for the plant community formation. Comparison of mean and weighted mean shows the role of the trait in dominance. The aim of this work was to study the role of leaf functional traits and the contribution of Grime’s CSR strategies in the formation of Calamagrostis subalpine meadows, which are the most widespread in the north-western Caucasus. The aboveground biomass in these communities is 384 ± 21 g/m2 (mean and standard error of the mean), the mass of litter of previous years is 393 ± 40 g/m2. The share of grasses in the community is 57,1 ± 2,9%, forbs - 32,9 ± 2,6%, legumes - 8,9 ± 1,4%, sedges and rushes - 1 ± 0,3%. The three species can be considered as dominants: Calamagrostis arundinacea (26,5% of the total phytomass), Festuca varia (23,3%), Hedysarum caucasicum (8%). The dominants of community have a high leaf dry mass, a lower leaf water content, a smaller specifi c leaf area. The community components are characterized by a lower mass of the water-saturated leaf and dry matter content, and a higher specifi c leaf area. Dominants and components in the community are characterized by a greater contribution of the stress-tolerant strategy","PeriodicalId":334823,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION OF PUCKER STATES OF CYCLIC GROUPS OF CAROTENOIDS","authors":"M. Surkov, A. A. Mamchur, T. Stanishneva-Konovalova, A. Rubin, I. Yaroshevich","doi":"10.55959/su0137-0952-16-79-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/su0137-0952-16-79-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"Carotenoids are one of the largest classes among biological pigments. They are found both in free form (dissolved in hydrophobic environments), and bound in stoichiometric complexes with protein (carotenoproteins). The interaction between the carotenoid and the protein environment is determined by the molecular conformation and dynamic behavior of the cofactor. In this work, using molecular modeling methods, we analyzed the entire set of alternative conformational states of cyclic carotenoids. The result of the theoretical study is an energysorted catalog of alternative conformational states for biogenic cyclic carotenoids and their optical isomers. The conformational states characterized in this study can be used to correctly select initial conditions when solving problems of molecular modeling of carotenoproteins","PeriodicalId":334823,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PECULIARITIES OF NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS FORMATION IN CHINCHILLA RABBITS","authors":"N. Vorobjeva, M. Muntyan","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-79-1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-79-1-7","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are decondensed nuclear chromatin, decorated with bactericidal proteins of various cell organelles and performing an eff ector function aimed to combat pathogens at the site of infl ammation. At the same time, NETs play an important role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and infl ammatory diseases as well as malignancies. Rabbits are one of the most commonly used species of laboratory animals in medical and biological research. A large number of models of various diseases of the cardiovascular, immune and other human systems have been developed in rabbits. However, there is no information in the scientifi c literature about the ability of rabbit neutrophils to undergo NETosis in response to well-known pharmacological stimuli. The purpose of the present work was to study in in vitro system the ability of neutrophils of Soviet chinchilla rabbit to form NETs in response to mimetic of diacylglycerol phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187. To isolate rabbit neutrophils, the one-step density gradient centrifugation on Ficoll-Hypaque method with modifi cations was used. Oxidative burst was assessed with luminol-amplifi ed chemiluminescence method, and NET formation was assessed with immunofl uorescence analysis. The work shows for the fi rst time that neutrophils of Soviet chinchilla rabbit do not form NETs in response to PMA, but form traps in response to A23187, as well as have a low level of oxidative burst in response to PMA, A23187 and chemoattractant N-formyl-methionylleucyl-phenylalanine.","PeriodicalId":334823,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia","volume":"51 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPLEX RESEARCH EXPEDITION “CRILLON 2023”: FIRST FINDINGS AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS","authors":"I. Gordeev, YU.S. Tokarev, E. Davydov, I. Ekimova, K. Drozdov, I. Yatsenko, O. Yatsenko, N. Kochunova, N. V. Bukharova, M. Kondratyev, A. Miroliubov, I. O. Rozhkova-Timina, S. Makeev, D. Grishina, A. Plaksin, A. Semenov","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-79-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-79-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"In August 2023, a comprehensive expedition “Crillon 2023” was performed, covering both terrestrial and marine biotopes in the southeastern part of the Crillon Peninsula (Sakhalin Island, Russia). A group of specialists carried out field work in ichthyology, invertebrate zoology, entomology, botany, lichenology, bryology, mycology, parasitology, microbiology and marine biology. In the scarcely studied territory of the southeastern part of the peninsula, a notable amount of data on species diversity was collected, including more than 200 species of plants, 101 species of lichens, 74 species of mosses, 117 species of basidial macromycetes were recorded. Marine coastal communities of the littoral and sublittoral zones were studied, and diving methods were exploited. As many as 119 species of invertebrates and 20 species of seaweed have been recorded. Information was collected on 20 species of fish, including data on helminth infestation. Parasitological studies included the search for microsporidia in all available animal hosts, as well as the search for root crayfish - parasites of arthropods. Among the animals and plants found, there are rare and endangered species included in the regional and federal Red Books, as well as those previously not recorded for Sakhalin. The preliminary results obtained indicate great potential for further study of the eastern part of the peninsula from the standpoint of biological sciences, as well as the prospects for establishment a biological station in this area for long-term research and development.","PeriodicalId":334823,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VITAMINS A AND E CONTENT IN THE TISSUES OF THE BANK VOLE (MYODES (CLETHRIONOMYS) GLAREOLUS) AND COMMON SHREW (SOREX ARANEUS) INHABITING IN KARELIA","authors":"T. Ilyina, I. Baishnikova, A. Yakimova, I. Zaitseva","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-79-1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-79-1-8","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the vitamins A (retinol) and E (α-tocopherol) content in the tissues of the bank vole (Myodes (Clethrionomys) glareolus) and common shrew (Sorex araneus) inhabiting the northern periphery of its range. The distribution of vitamin A in the common shrew and bank vole tissues was similar, the highest content was found in the liver, and the lowest level was in the heart. Agerelated differences in retinol content were detected in the kidneys of two species, as well as in the skeletal muscle of the shrew. Significantly lower vitamin E content was found in all organs of young shrews before wintering, compared to adult wintered animals, while in the bank vole no such age-related differences were found. Interspecies differences in the levels of vitamins A and E in the liver of overwintered animals were revealed. The results obtained show that vitamins A and E content in the tissues of the bank vole and the common shrew is determined by the metabolic processes and the ecological characteristics of the species. The vitamins level in the common shrew depends largely on age.","PeriodicalId":334823,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia","volume":"24 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DYE 10-N-NONYL ACRIDINE ORANGE AS A FLUORESCENT INDICATOR OF THE ACTION OF THE ANTISEPTIC OCTENIDINE ON THE MEMBRANES OF RHODOBACTER SPHAEROIDES CHROMATOPHORES","authors":"E. P. Lukashev, P. P. Knox, M. Strakhovskaya, V. Paschenko","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-79-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-79-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing volumes of produced antiseptics and disinfectants, which are widely used in medicine, veterinary medicine, the food industry and everyday life, can create a serious environmental problem after use. Previously, under the infl uence of micromolar concentrations of a number of antiseptics, we identifi ed disturbances in the functioning of photosynthetic membranes and phototransforming pigment-protein complexes isolated from them in various representatives of photosynthetic organisms. In this work, to determine the sensitivity of photosynthetic membranes to the action of the cationic antiseptic octenidine, we used chromatophores of the purple nonsulfur bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides, labeled with the fluorescent dye 10-N-nonylacridine orange (NAO). It was shown that the binding of NAO to chromatophores is accompanied by a shift in the dye emission maximum from 525 to 640 nm. The “red” fluorescence of NAO associated with chromatophores turned out to be sensitive to the effect of increasing concentrations of octenidine on photosynthetic membranes. We have found antiseptic concentrations which led to the degradation of chromatophore structures and change in the NAO aggregative state. It can be detected by an increase of “green” fluorescence in the emission spectra of the dye. The properties of NAO as a fluorescent indicator of the functional state of photosynthetic membranes and possible changes that can occur in such systems under the influence of a cationic antiseptic are discussed.","PeriodicalId":334823,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia","volume":"33 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODELING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE EUROPEAN LAND SNAIL COCHLODINA LAMINATA (GASTROPODA, PULMONATA, CLAUSILIIDAE) IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE RANGE","authors":"V. V. Adamova, P. Ukrainskiy","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-79-1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-79-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"Species distribution modeling (SDM) allows to defi ne the potential range and identify key factors that determine the habitat suitable areas. In this study, we made forecasts for the distribution of the European clausilid Cochlodina laminata (Montagu, 1803) in the eastern part of the range using SDM methods. Various algorithms are used to create models, including machine learning algorithms. We selected climatic factors and Earth remote sensing (ERS) data as predictors (extended vegetation index and land use). An ensemble forecast based on all models showed that the range of C. laminata is a wedge-shaped and largely coincides with the scheme proposed earlier by I.M. Likharev. However, in the eastern and southeastern parts the potential range turned out to be wider. The boundaries of the C. laminata potential distribution have been established in the forest-steppe and steppe zones, as well as in the Black Sea region and the Caucasus. The use of remote sensing data made it possible to identify suitable territories in more detail, which is especially important in the peripheral zones of the range. It is shown that the most signifi cant factors in the distribution of the species in the studied area are the average annual temperature, temperature seasonality and precipitation of the warmest quarter.","PeriodicalId":334823,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia","volume":"80 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SWEETENERS ON GLYCOGEN CONTENT OF BLOOD LEUKOCYTES AND DIFFERENTIAL LEUKOCYTE COUNTS IN C57BL/6 MICE","authors":"A. Kizhina, M. Mashinskas, E. Panova, V. Ilyukha","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-78-4-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-78-4-6","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the eff ect of stevia leaf extract, saccharinate and cyclamate in various dosages on the glycogen content of blood leukocytes in mice, as a necessary substrate for the realization of phagocytosis. An increase of glycogen content was found in all experimental groups which obtained sweeteners at a dosage of 10 mg/g of body weight. The eff ect of sweeteners on the diff erential leukocyte counts was found only for mice treated with stevia leaf extract at a dosage of 10 mg/g of body weight. They demonstrated increase of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. New data expand our understanding of the metabolism of sugar substitutes in the organism and their eff ect on physiological systems, in particular the hematopoietic and immune systems.","PeriodicalId":334823,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia","volume":"30 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HE EFFECT OF PROBENECID ON α-1-ADRENOCEPTOR STIMULATION INDUCED PROARRHYTHMIC CONDUCTION IN THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE OF RAT HEART","authors":"Y. Voronina, V. Kuzmin","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-78-4-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-78-4-7","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiac tissue contains adrenergic receptors (AR) not only of the beta type, but also of the alpha type (α-AR). Both types of ARs play signifi cant role in regulation of cardiomyocytes electrophysiology in diff erent parts of the heart, including the atrioventricular node (AVN). An augmentation of α1-AR mediated component of adrenergic signaling results in impaired conduction of excitation in the heart and onset of various rhythm disturbances including AVNassociated arrhythmias. The activation of α1-AR facilitates anionic transmembrane transport causing electrophysiological changes in myocytes. Current study is aimed to the investigation of the eff ects of anion/chloride blockade on α1-AR-mediated proarrhythmic alteration of AVN functioning. Functional characteristics of AVN including AVN conduction time, AVN refractoriness and the AVN conduction alterations were examined via recording of surface electrograms in Langendorff -perfused isolated rat heart (Wistar, 250 ± 30 g). Phenylephrine was used as α1-AR agonist. Probenecid demonstrating anion/chloride transmembrane conductance blocking activity was used to modify Phe-induced α1-AR-mediated eff ects in AVN. The activation of α1-AR by Phe results in a signifi cant increase in the duration of AV intervals (N = 10, p < 0.001) and eff ective refractory period (ERP) in the AVN (by 9.8% ± 1.2%, n = 10, p < 0.001). Also, Phe induces AV-blocks of conduction and oscillations in atrioventricular delay (N = 10) at the stimulation rates close to ERP. Probenecid signifi cantly reduces the magnitude of AVD oscillations during non-stationary conduction in the AV node. In addition, probenecid attenuates ERP prolongation caused by Phe (107 ± 4 ms, N = 6) and 114.2 ± 5.35 ms (N = 10) in presence of only Phe and Phe with probenecid, respectively, returning its values toward typical for normal conditions. In conclusion, probenecid maintains physiological mode of AVN conduction when α1-AR are stimulated. This also suggests that chloride ion channels and anion carriers may contribute to the α1-AR-mediated AVN arrhythmias.","PeriodicalId":334823,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia","volume":"43 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}