East African Journal of Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Morpho-agronomic Classification of Some Native and Exotic Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.) Germplasm Accessions in Ethiopia","authors":"D. Chemeda, K. Gemechu","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I1.71520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I1.71520","url":null,"abstract":"Finger millet ( Eleusine coracana L.) is one of the important indigenous crops of Africa. The productivity of the crop, however, is very low owing to several factors including the inherent low-yielding potential of the cultivars. Information on genetic diversity among the available germplasm collections is very useful for breeding programs utilizing the materials as germplasm source. An experiment was conducted at Arsi Negele and Bako, Ethiopia, in 2000 main season to study the extent of genetic variability present among sixty-four germplasm accessions collected from the Eastern and Southern Africa and maintained at the Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Ethiopia. The accessions were planted in three replications at both locations using a randomized complete block design. Data were recorded on eleven morpho-agronomic characters. Analysis of variance at both locations showed that the mean squares due to genotype and genotype by location interaction were significant (P ≤ 0.05) in almost all the cases. Broad-sense heritability values at each location and combined over locations were higher (> 80%) for most of the characters, indicating the existence of a wealth of genetic variability among the population for most of the morpho-agronomic traits. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into four clusters of different sizes. It appears that geographical origin has no or little effect in determining the pattern of genetic diversity observed among the accessions. The greatest variability among accessions was observed for characters such as biomass, ear weight and grain weight, which highly dictated the differentiation of accessions into clusters. Genetic distances between cluster IV and all other clusters were significant indicating that crosses between selection from members of cluster IV with the rest of the clusters may provide desirable recombinant in breeding efforts. Parental selection should also be based on the existence of optimum level of the desired traits. Keywords: Eleusine coracana ; Germplasm Collections; Genetic Diversity; Geographic Origin","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I1.71520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Adoption of Improved Sorghum Varieties in Awbare District of Somali Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Mahdi Egge, P. Tongdeelert, S. Rangsipaht, S. Tudsri","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I1.71523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I1.71523","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this research was to identify factors that affected the adoption of improved sorghum varieties in Awbare District of Somali Regional State, Ethiopia. Individual interviews were conducted to collect data from 180 households in eight kebeles. Descriptive statistics and mean comparisons using a t-test and chi-square test were employed to analyze data. The findings indicated that the adopters of improved sorghum varieties were more educated, younger in age, had a larger farm size, had more shoats, lived in a better house, owned a radio and had a positive attitude towards improved sorghum varieties when compared to the non-adopters. The results of the study confirmed that a farmer who had better economic status (as evidenced by larger farm size, more shoats and a better quality house) and had access to market information might be a greater technology adopter. Moreover, targeting younger educated farmers may enhance the adoption of new agricultural technology in the area. High priorities to promote technology adoption are the provision of extension agents with transportation facilities and the establishment of community radio stations.","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I1.71523","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Ability for Yield and its Components in Ethiopian Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Landraces","authors":"M. Girma, A. Amsalu, B. Ketema","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I1.71522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I1.71522","url":null,"abstract":"Crossing sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] obtained from different areas of Ethiopia were done in 2004/05 cropping season. In 2005/06 evaluation of 15 F1s with their parents were done in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Bako. The study was conducted to estimate combining ability and determine type of gene actions involved in the inheritance of yield and yield components traits. Analysis of variance revealed that mean squares due to genotypes, parents and crosses were highly significant (P<0.01) for all the traits except for 100 kernel weight that were significant for crosses. Mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for all characters studied, except non significant SCA for 100 kernel weight. For yield, three of the parents, 212646, 69543 and 69193 had the best general combiner and incorporating these parents for grain yield per panicle in sorghum breeding may be importatnt. Based on specific combining ability analysis for grain yield per panicle five hybrids 69543 x 223506, 212646 x 223506, 97MW5122 x 212646, 97MW5122 x 69543 and 212646 x 69193 were the best in the experiment. The estimate of variance components showed that the variance due to SCA was higher in magnitude than GCA in the case of days to maturity, panicle width, panicle weight, kernel number per panicle and grain yield. Therefore, these traits were predominantly under the control of non-additive type of gene actions. Whereas variance of GCA was higher than SCA in the case of days to flowering, plant height, leaf number per plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, panicle length and 100 kernel weight indicating that additive type of gene action was playing a greater role in the inheritance of these traits. Keywords: Combining Ability; Diallel; Gene Action; Sorghum bicolor","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I1.71522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Registration of Gabisa Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Variety","authors":"D. Chemeda, T. Abeya, L. Dagnachew, M. Grima","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I1.71525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I1.71525","url":null,"abstract":"Gabisa is a common name for common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variety with pedigree name of VAX-2. It is a bush food bean variety selected out of common bean lines introduced to Ethiopia through CIAT program and released in 2007 by the Bako Agricultural Research Center for production in western Ethiopia and similar agro- ecologies. It was tested on- research stations from 2001 to 2006 and evaluated on farmers' fields in the year 2007. In multi-location on-station trial, Gabisa gave a mean seed yield of 2.3 tons ha -1 and hence better performing than the standard check, Roba-1 , which gave 1.8 tons ha -1 . On farmers’ fields a mean seed of 2.6 tons ha -1 was recorded for Gabisa . Gabisa is a bush bean variety with prostrate growth habit. It is food type bean with medium seed size and tan seed color. Yield stability study showed that Gabisa require favorable environments for good seed yield. Gabisa is resistant to diseases and its seed has 100% soakability with 36 minute cooking time. The breeder seed of Gabisa is maintained by the Bako Agricultural Research Center. Keywords: Gabisa ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Variety Registration","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"52-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I1.71525","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Classification of Soils along the Toposequence of Kindo Koye Watershed in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"D. Mulugeta, B. Sheleme","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I2.71528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I2.71528","url":null,"abstract":"In developing countries, where research funds are limited, the availability of pedogenic information and proper classification of soils will be of great importance. The soils of Kindo Koye watershed were fully characterized along east and west facing toposequences that formed a catena and classified according to the Soil Taxonomy and the WRB Legend to assess the impact of topography on soil development and characteristics. The morphological and physiochemical properties of seven pedons located at the upper, middle and lower slopes of the two toposequences and at the depression were studied. The study revealed the existence of three different soil orders along the toposequences in an area that was previously mapped as Eutric Nitosols. The pedons on the upper and middle slopes of both east and west-facing toposequences and the pedon on the east-facing lower slope were categorized under Ultisols, whereas the pedons on the foot slope west-facing and the depression were categorized under Inceptisols and Entisols, respectively. The Ultisols, Inceptisols and Entisols were further categorized as Acrisols, Cambisols and Fluvisols major groups according to the WRB Legend, respectively. This detail survey and classification of soils shows that topography has a great influence on soil development and characteristics. Keywords: Catena; Toposequence; Pedon; Soil Taxonomy; WRB Legend","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"65-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I2.71528","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Plowing Frequency and Weeding Methods on Weeds and Grain Yield of Wheat at Arsi Negelle, Ethiopia","authors":"T. Workayehu","doi":"10.4314/eajsci.v4i2.71533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eajsci.v4i2.71533","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of repeated tillage and weed control methods on weed infestation and grain yield of wheat was evaluated at Arsi Negelle, southern Ethiopia, from 1993 to 1995 cropping seasons. Five tillage practices (zero, one, two, three and four times tillage) as main plot and four weed control methods (Duplosan sprayed at 2.5 l ha-1, Duplosan plus one hand weeding at 30 days after emergence (DAE); one and two hand weeding at 30, and 30 and 60 DAE, respectively) as subplots were arranged in split plot design with three replications. Broadleaf weeds comprised 73% of the total weed population in the experimental plots. Effect of tillage and weed control was dependent on year. Increased frequency of tillage reduced weed infestation (r = -0.34**) and increased plant height (r = 0.42**), biomass (r = 0.51**) and grain (r = 0.43**) yields of wheat. Weed density in zero-till and three times plowing was 78 and 35%, respectively, more than four times. Weed density in plots treated with Duplosan alone and its combination with 1HW was 38.4 and 19.5% more, respectively, while it was 5.9% less with 1HW alone compared with 2HW. About 33 and 26% of the total variations in weed infestation were due to tillage and weed control methods, respectively. Grain yield reduction in zero-till and three times plowing was 59 and 21%, respectively, compared with four times’ plowing. Twice weeding reduced weed population by 28% and increased wheat grain yield by 3.3% compared to Duplosan alone. Fifty five, 95 and 43% of the total variations in wheat grain yield in 1993, 1994, and 1995, respectively, were attributed to the regression. Frequent tillage reduced weed infestation and increased grain yield by 11 and 21.9%, respectively, compared to weed control. Generally, four times plowing significantly reduced weed infestation and increased wheat grain yield with considerable economic benefit. Keywords: Herbicide; Repeated Plowing; Southern Ethiopia; Tillage; Weed Density; Wheat; Weed Infestation; Weed Population","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"114-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/eajsci.v4i2.71533","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Registration of Kulumsa-1 Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Variety","authors":"D. Abebe, C. Adane, A. Erena","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I2.71534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I2.71534","url":null,"abstract":"Kulumsa-1 is a common name for the linseed variety developed through selection from the variety known as Chilallo, the linseed variety released nationally in 1992, which is a population. Kulumsa-1 was selected, developed and released by Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center for major linseed growing areas of Ethiopia. Specifically, it was tested at Kulumsa, Bekoji, Asasa, Sinana, Holetta, Adet and Areka for three years (2002/2003-2004/2005) and verified in 2005/2006 on these locations for official release. Consequently, Kulumsa-1 consistently produced better mean seed yield than the standard check ( Belay-96 ) and the local check over three years. Likewise, it proved to be more resistant to powdery mildew ( Oidium sp .) and pasmo ( Septoria linicola ) diseases than the checks. The results of the multi-location trials revealed that Kulumsa-1 was superior in seed yield performance across years and locations. Besides, it is stable variety based upon the two stability parameters, deviation from regression (S 2 di ) and coefficient of determination (R 2 i ). Keywords: Edible Oil; Kulumsa-1 ; Linseed; Variety Registration","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"123-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I2.71534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive Adsorption of Chloroform and Bromoform Using Commercial Bituminous and Coconut Based Granular Activated Carbons","authors":"T. Zinabu","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I2.71527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I2.71527","url":null,"abstract":"A study was made to compare efficiency and capacity of two types of granular activated carbon (GAC), Calgon F200 and Norit GCN1240, for removal of Trihalomethanes (THMs) in water and to examine the competition of one adsorbate in the presence of another. Coconut based Norit (GCN1240) and bituminous based Calgon F200 GACs were selected for the study. Multi-component adsorption isotherm models were established for both GACs using same model water containing chloroform (2.54 mg L -1 ) and bromoform (1 mg L -1 ). After sample bottles were agitated at the speed of 25 rpm in a mechanical shaker for 15 days, measurements were taken using gas chromatography. The results obtained were checked with Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. This model expresses well adsorption of one THM species in the presence of another with R 2 > 0.95. Based on the model, adsorption capacity of Calgon F200 and Norit GCN1240 were found higher for bromoform than chloroform. Calgon F200 showed a higher adsorption capacity compared to Norit GCN1240 for a lower equilibrium concentration (< 3 μg L -1 ). However, for equilibrium concentrations in the range of 3 - 200 μg L -1 , both Calgon F200 and Norit GCN1240 showed similar capacity for competitive adsorption of THMs. Keywords: Granular Activated Carbon; Adsorption; Bromoform; Chloroform; Trihalomethane","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V4I2.71527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Registration of Bonsa and Bona-bas Fodder Oats Varieties for the Bale highlands, Ethiopia","authors":"Amanuel Zewge, E. Lewi, Dida Midekso","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V5I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V5I2","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of a tool to perform two-dimensional forward and inverse gravity data modeling that can be used to interpret the subsurface geologic structure is presented in this article. The approach subdivides the subsurface into regular shape prisms and reconstructs the geologic structures by assigning variable densities to the different prisms. To obtain the subsurface density distribution one will first use the forward modeling tool and generate a plausible model of the subsurface to use it later as the initial model in the inversion program. The inversion tool makes use of the compact gravity data inversion algorithm to iteratively model the subsurface. The advantage of this approach is that the desired geological characteristics are automatically incorporated into the model with a minimum subjective judgment on the part of the interpreter. The method was demonstrated by inversion of synthetic and real data. The synthetic data is generated from a two–dimensional model consisting of a regular array of identical blocks whose densities can be individually specified. While testing the application on real data that were collected around Filwoha (Addis Ababa), the resulting subsurface structural model produced gravity data that matched with the observed gravity data, within a predefined acceptable root mean square error.","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"131-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Faba Bean Rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) with Environmental Factors and Cultural Practices in the Hararghe Highlands, Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"G. Mangistu, C. Dhaba, A. Temesgen, D. Lule, N. Geleta","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V5I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V5I1","url":null,"abstract":"Disease survey was conducted in Hararghe highlands of Ethiopia during the 2009 cropping season to determine the incidence and severity of faba bean rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) in major growing districts of Hararghe highlands, and its association with environmental factors and cultural practices. A total of 90 faba bean fields were surveyed in six districts. Sample plants were systematically selected in an “X” fashion. In each field, 10 plants were sampled for disease assessment. During the survey, altitude, type of cropping system, weed management practices, crop growth stage, previous crop in the field and sowing date were recorded. Significant differences among locations were indicated with respect to altitude, sowing date, crop growth stage and field management practices. The mean incidence of the disease varied from 44.6% in Bedeno to 98% in Tullo, while severity of the disease varied from 12.7% in Bedeno to 65% in Gorogutu and Kurfachale districts. Logistic regression analysis for the association of rust incidence and severity with environmental factors and cultural practices as independent variables showed rust incidence below 80% had a high probability of association with Deder district, areas with altitude above 2450 m.a.s.l. and when faba bean was planted after July 25. Rust incidence above 80% had a high probability of association with Gorogutu, Kurfachale, Tullo districts; altitudes below 2450 masl, and when faba bean was planted from the end of June up to July 25. Similarly, disease severity below 40% had a high probability of association with Bedeno district, flowering growth stage, altitude above 2450 m.a.s.l., and when weeds were managed properly. Disease severity greater than 40% had a high probability of association with Gorogutu, Kurfachale, Tullo, Deder and Metta districts, altitudes below 2450 m.a.s.l., podding and late podding growth stages, and where poor weed management was practiced. The survey revealed high occurrence and distribution of faba bean rust in the study area and the need for effective and feasible management options to be developed. Keywords : Disease Incidence; Disease Severity; Faba Bean Rust; Uromyces viciae-fabae; Weed Management","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70514001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}