East African Journal of Sciences最新文献_第10页

Registration of Chercher and Haramaya : Common Bean Varieties for Production in Eastern Ethiopia Chercher和Haramaya的注册:埃塞俄比亚东部生产的普通豆类品种

East African Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I2.40355

C. Fininsa, Bulti Tesso

引用次数: 0

Effect of Poultry Manure on Pepper Veinal Mottle Virus (PVMV), Yield and Agronomic Parameters of Pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) in Nigeria 家禽粪便对尼日利亚辣椒斑疹病毒(PVMV)、产量和农艺参数的影响

East African Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I2.40348

A. Fajinmi, C. A. Adebode

引用次数: 29

Vegetation Composition, Biomass Production, Carrying Capacity and Grassland Types in Odolla Area of Shinile Zone, Eastern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚东部Shinile地区Odolla地区植被组成、生物量生产、承载力与草地类型

East African Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I2.40353

T. Zewdu, Y. Oustelet

{"title":"Vegetation Composition, Biomass Production, Carrying Capacity and Grassland Types in Odolla Area of Shinile Zone, Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"T. Zewdu, Y. Oustelet","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I2.40353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I2.40353","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to characterize vegetation composition and grassland types as well as to estimate biomass production and carrying capacity of the rangeland in Ordolla areas of Shinile zone, eastern Ethiopia in October 2004. The Ordolla grasslands covered 22,621ha on alluvial plain composed of sand and silt texture and clay in minor cases in small hydromorophic depressions. Seventeen vegetation types are identified in Orodolla areas based on soil types, vegetation structure and density, and drainage pattern\u0000described using LANDSAT image and geographical map of the area. The dominant grass species were Cynodon dactylon, Cynodon nlemfuensis, Eragrostis cilianensis, Cenchrus ciliaris, Andropogon greenwayii, Brachiaria leersiodes, Setaria pumila and Sorghum arundinaceum. Acacia tortilis, Acacia nilotica, Acacia mellifera and Acacia seyal were the most dominant shrubs with scattered Caddaba rotundifolia, Caddaba furmisa, Seddera bagshawei, Tamarix nilotica, Dobera glabra and abundant Parthenium hysterophorus, Cissus rotundifolia and C. quadrangularis . The grass biomass estimated in enclosed site near Ordolla village was 4.5 t DM/ha/yr and the total grass biomass produced in Ordolla rangeland was estimated around 27 534 t DM/year. The theoretical, dry and wet seasons carrying capacities were 0.16, 0.06 and 0.09 TLU/ha, respectively. There were good grazing lands in hydromorphic depression and well drained facets in Ordolla areas but the palatable grasses, trees and shrubs are decreasing due to overgrazing, runoff and drought and replaced by Parthenium, Calotropis, Solanum and Xanthium species, which are invader category of the plant community, indicating overgrazing and rangeland degradation. Keywords : Biomass Production; Carrying Capacity; Grassland Types; Grazing Lands; Vegetation Composition East African Journal of Sciences Vol. 1 (2) 2007: pp. 148-159","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"148-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I2.40353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Advances in Improving Harvest Index and Grain Yield of Maize in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚提高玉米收获指数和产量的研究进展

East African Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I2.40349

M. Worku, H. Zelleke

{"title":"Advances in Improving Harvest Index and Grain Yield of Maize in Ethiopia","authors":"M. Worku, H. Zelleke","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I2.40349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I2.40349","url":null,"abstract":"The local maize varieties are inefficient in transferring assimilates to the ear sink and as a result they are low yielding. To replace these low yielding local varieties by high yielding ones, different breeding methods have been used in Ethiopia. This study was undertaken to compare improved maize varieties released in Ethiopia for their harvest index and other important agronomic traits. Twelve improved maize varieties which were released from 1970s to 1990s in Ethiopia and 8 breeding populations were tested in a randomized complete block design at Bako Agricultural Research Centre under sub-optimum and optimum soil fertility conditions in 1997 and 1998. The analysis of variance for harvest index and other important agronomic traits showed significant differences (P -1 (EAH-75) to 7.2 t ha -1 (BH-660). All the varieties released in the 1990s had a better harvest index than the old maize composites, indicating the breeding progress made was successful for both grain yield and harvest index. Further progress in maize breeding to improve harvest index and grain yield would be possible with the use of refined breeding methods and tools. Keywords : Genotype; Grain Yield; Harvest Index; Maize Varieties; Zea mays L. East African Journal of Sciences Vol. 1 (2) 2007: pp. 112-119","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"276 1","pages":"112-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I2.40349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Adding Benzene to Fire: Overlapping Seasonality as a Pull Factor to Producer Prices in Ethiopia 向火中添加苯:重叠的季节性是埃塞俄比亚生产者价格的拉动因素

East African Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40345

Kindie Getnet

{"title":"Adding Benzene to Fire: Overlapping Seasonality as a Pull Factor to Producer Prices in Ethiopia","authors":"Kindie Getnet","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40345","url":null,"abstract":"Coupled with the seasonal nature of agricultural production, seasonality of farmers' cash demand influences the level of actual market supply and price of agricultural products. This study investigates the seasonal behaviours of producer prices and farmers' cash demand for two crops (white teff and white wheat) that serve as staples and sources of cash income around Ambo, Ethiopia. Descriptive studies on price time series show that producer prices for the two crops get low during the harvest and immediate post harvest seasons and survey results show that most farmers have a high demand for cash during same seasons and, as a result, sell a great proportion of their marketable stock of the two crops during such seasons. This creates overlapping seasonality between agricultural production, on the one hand, and high cash demand of farmers, on the other. This overlapping seasonality due to the high cash demand of farmers is expected to aggravate the seasonal decline of producer prices already resulted from the seasonal supply of agricultural production. A most likely policy implication, to raise and stabilize producer prices, is therefore to influence the seasonal behaviour of farmers' high cash demand in such a way that it coincides with the lean seasons of agricultural supply. This could be approached through rescheduling the time of fertilizer debt and land use tax payment, those important factors that put farmers into selling a large proportion of their marketable crops during such seasons of low producer prices. By raising and stabilizing farmers' income from crop sales, such policy will promote the economic incentive of smallholder farmers to increase their productivity. Keywords : Producer Price; Farmers, Cash Demand; Overlapping Seasonality; Sub-Saharan Africa; Ethiopia East African Journal of Sciences Vol. 1 (1) 2007: pp. 79-87","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"79-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Statistical Models for Analysis of Insect, Disease and Weed Abundance and Incidence Data 虫、病、草丰度和发病率数据分析统计模型的评价

East African Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40335

G. Sileshi

{"title":"Evaluation of Statistical Models for Analysis of Insect, Disease and Weed Abundance and Incidence Data","authors":"G. Sileshi","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40335","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been a fundamental method used for analysis of abundance and incidence data. However, abundance and incidence data often violate the assumptions of ANOVA. Researchers often ignore ANOVA assumptions, transform the data using arbitrarily chosen functions and then fail to evaluate whether or not the transformation actually corrected the problem. The statistical power of the tests used is also seldom reported. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to demonstrate (1) implications of using arbitrarily chosen transformations and ANOVA to the validity of statistical inference on pest abundance and incidence and (2) the application of LMMs and GLMs for efficient analysis of such data. Abundance data were analyzed assuming normal, Poisson and negative binomial error distributions. Incidence data were analyzed assuming normal and binomial error distributions. Among the data transformation functions, logarithmic transformation gave better description of abundance data compared with square root. Working logits were better than angular or square root transformation of incidence data. The study has also demonstrated that the choice of transformation can influence the statistical significance and power of test. Transformation of either abundance or incidence data did not necessarily ensure normality or variance homogeneity. According to the Akaike information criterion (AIC), a GLM assuming negative binomial error distribution was better for description of most abundance datasets compared with a GLM assuming Poisson error distribution or LMM. LMM based on working logits also gave a better description of the data than a GLM assuming binomial distribution. It is concluded that LMMs and GLMs simultaneously consider the effect of treatments and heterogeneity of variance and hence are more appropriate for analysis of abundance and incidence data than ordinary ANOVA. Keywords : Mixed Models; Generalized Linear Models; Statistical Power East African Journal of Sciences Vol. 1 (1) 2007: pp. 1-9","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Agronomic Performance and Bread Making Quality of Advanced Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Lines Grown in Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚东部奥罗米亚地区先进面包小麦品系的农艺性能和面包品质

East African Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40337

E. Estifanos, G. Bultosa, H. Zelleke, Harjit Singh

{"title":"Agronomic Performance and Bread Making Quality of Advanced Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Lines Grown in Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"E. Estifanos, G. Bultosa, H. Zelleke, Harjit Singh","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40337","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty bread wheat lines selected on the basis of their average grain protein content and yield were evaluated for six agronomic and eight baking quality traits associated with bread-making quality. All the lines were grown in randomly complete block design at two locations in Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia; namely, Haramaya and Hirna in 2004/2005. Most of the quality traits had higher genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability than yield at both locations. Grain protein content and yield related traits had low variabilities. Three bread wheat lines (RBC/HAR800, HAR3740 and Pavon76) superior with respect to bread making quality parameters and yielding ability of above and around the grand mean were identified. These lines could be useful as donor parents for bread making quality in bread wheat improvement programs of Ethiopia. In addition, three lines (MILAN/SHA7, 609/720 and MAMBA/HAR1384) having strong flour character but of which two lines had inconsistent yielding ability and one line yielding less than the general mean yield of the experiment; and five lines (Bobitcho, ETBW4311, ETBW4315, HAR3787 and Simba) of moderate to strong flour character with yielding ability above and around the grand mean were identified. Keywords : Agronomic Performance; Bread Making Quality; Bread Wheat; GCV; PCV East African Journal of Sciences Vol. 1 (1) 2007: pp. 25-34","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Potential, Distribution, Ethno-Botany and Tapping Procedures of Gum Producing Acacia Species in the Somali Region, Southeastern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚东南部索马里地区产胶刺槐的潜力、分布、民族植物学和采伐过程

East African Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40344

J. Gindaba, L. Nigatu, H. Gebrekidan

{"title":"Potential, Distribution, Ethno-Botany and Tapping Procedures of Gum Producing Acacia Species in the Somali Region, Southeastern Ethiopia","authors":"J. Gindaba, L. Nigatu, H. Gebrekidan","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40344","url":null,"abstract":"A survey study was undertaken in eight districts of the Somali Region, southeastern Ethiopia to identify gum producing species; their distribution and abundance; gum-tapping practices; and local uses. Nine gum producing Acacia species; widely known by pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in the Region were identified. Dihun and Gerbo Districts in Fik Zone were the high potential areas for gum arabic (Acacia Senegal(L.) wild.) and gum talh (Acacia seyal Del.) production based on the abundance of the source species. Degahamedow District in Degahabur Zone was another promising gum production area following the Districts in Fik Zone. However, both A. senegal and A. seyal were abundantly found in all study Districts, with the former being the most abundant and widely distributed throughout the study Zones. The gum resource in the Somali Region appeared under-exploited due to lack of proper tapping and extraction skills in the area. Apart from gum tapping, the woody vegetation of the Region supports livestock production, mitigates desertification, ensures biodiversity maintenance, and provides immense non-wood forest products. Therefore, promotion of gum extraction in the Somali Region both for economic benefit of the community and sustainable management of the fragile ecosystem is recommended. Keywords : Acacia , Bushland; Gum Arabic; Gum Talh; Somali Region East African Journal of Sciences Vol. 1 (1) 2007: pp. 69-78","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"69-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Growth, Photosynthetic Efficiency, Rate of Transpiration, Lodging, and Grain Yield of Tef ( Eragrostis Tef (Zucc) Trotter ) as Influenced by Stage and Rate of Paclobutrazol Application 多效唑施用量对Tef (Eragrostis Tef (Zucc) Trotter)生长、光合效率、蒸腾速率、倒伏和产量的影响

East African Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40339

T. Tekalign

{"title":"Growth, Photosynthetic Efficiency, Rate of Transpiration, Lodging, and Grain Yield of Tef ( Eragrostis Tef (Zucc) Trotter ) as Influenced by Stage and Rate of Paclobutrazol Application","authors":"T. Tekalign","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40339","url":null,"abstract":"The growth response of tef (Eragrostis Tef (Zucc.) Trotter) to foliar spray of paclobutrazol was investigated under sub-humid and hot tropical conditions of eastern Ethiopia. At both locations, paclobutrazol was applied at tillering, jointing or panicle emergence stage at rates of 0, 1, 2, and 3 kg a.i. per ha. The results of the field trials demonstrated that paclobutrazol treatment increased leaf chlorophyll a and b content, reduced the rate of leaf transpiration, and increased photosynthetic efficiency that has a direct effect on the productivity of the tef crop. Paclobutrazol treatment had reduced plant height and total leaf area there by reduced excessive vegetative growth and lodging percentage. Paclobutrazol treatment resulted in increased number of fertile tillers, number of fertile florets per spike, and thousand seed mass there by increasing tef grain yield. It is reasonable to point out that paclobutrazol is a potential plant growth regulator for use as a height-shortening anti-lodging agent in tef with subsequent grain yield benefits. Application of 1 kg a.i. paclobutrazol per hectare seems to be optimum rate and the appropriate stage of application appeared to be between tillering and jointing. Keywords : Eragrostis Tef; Grain Yield; Lodging; Paclobutrazol; Tef East African Journal of Sciences Vol. 1 (1) 2007: pp. 35-44","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Feed Intake, Weight Gain and Carcass Yield Characteristics of Intact Hararghe Highland Male Goats Fed on Different Hay to Concentrate Ratios 不同干草精料比下哈拉尔河高原公山羊采食量、增重及胴体产量特征

East African Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40340

Asnakew Awuk, B. Tamir

{"title":"Feed Intake, Weight Gain and Carcass Yield Characteristics of Intact Hararghe Highland Male Goats Fed on Different Hay to Concentrate Ratios","authors":"Asnakew Awuk, B. Tamir","doi":"10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40340","url":null,"abstract":"Feed intake, live weight gain and carcass yield characteristics were studied using twenty-five yearling intact Hararghe highland male goats (17.6 ± 0.11 kg body weight) fed diets containing different hay to concentrate ratios, viz., 100:0, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50% for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively, in a randomized complete block design experiment with five animals per treatment that lasted for 90 days. The amount of CP supplied was 3.73, 10.15, 13.36, 16.57 and 19.79% per kg DM and the ME (MJ/kg DM) was 6.64, 7.51, 7.95, 8.38 and 8.82 for the respective treatments. Dry matter and nutrient intakes were measured daily, while live weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were recorded at the weekly interval. At the end of the feeding trial, all goats from each treatment were fasted for 12 h and slaughtered after taking the slaughter weight of each goat. Measurements were also taken on empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage (DP) and rib eye muscle area. Concentrate supplementation of goats resulted in high (P 0.05) weak negative correlation (r = -0.16) between ADWG and the level of concentrate supplementation. Considering ADWG, FCE, DP and percentage of boneless meat, the diet with 20% concentrate level could be recommended for optimum live weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and carcass yield characteristics of goats. Keywords : Body Weight Gain; Carcass Yield; Feed Intake; Hararghe Highland Goats; Hay to Concentrate Ratio East African Journal of Sciences Vol. 1 (1) 2007: pp. 45-54","PeriodicalId":33393,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/EAJSCI.V1I1.40340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6