{"title":"Base Station Placement Based on Force Fields","authors":"F. Richter, G. Fettweis","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240328","url":null,"abstract":"Network planning and optimization becomes more and more important in cellular mobile communications due to the growing complexity of the networks. Besides taking new key performance indicators into account such as energy efficiency, the augmented heterogeneity, caused by a variety of radio access technologies (e.g., 3G and beyond as well as WiFi) and network node types (e.g., micro and femto cells), leads to an exploding dimension of the planning process. On the other hand, the degrees of freedom increase as well, giving rise for new optimization techniques. In this paper a novel approach for optimizing cellular deployments is presented. The model is based on characterizing the interrelations (among base stations and between base stations and the environment) by force fields, motivated by the physics of multiple particles in a closed system. Further, an algorithm is proposed which tracks the trajectory of base station locations under the presence of forces, focusing on finding a balanced state with minimal net force. Also, it is elaborated on how to combine different force types in order to capture different quality aspects of a network.","PeriodicalId":333610,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129097687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Orthogonal Polarization Based MIMO Transmission for Advanced 60GHz WLAN","authors":"M. Umehira, Toshiaki Sasame, H. Sawada","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240221","url":null,"abstract":"An orthogonal polarization based MIMO transmission scheme is proposed to achieve over 10Gbps transmission for advanced 60GHz WLAN. As the proposed MIMO transmission scheme uses V(Vertical)/H(Horizontal) polarization directional antennas, stable 2×2 MIMO transmission is enabled even in LOS (line-of-sight) environment. A ray-tracing method is employed for computer simulation to evaluate channel capacity and BER performance of the proposed scheme in indoor conference room environments. The simulation results confirm that the proposed orthogonal polarization based MIMO transmission scheme achieves higher channel capacity than the conventional MIMO transmission using the same polarization antenna. Furthermore, this paper shows that BER performance depends on the location of transmitter and receiver as well as the beam-width of the directional antenna. BER performance is significantly degraded when the antenna height of the transmitter is the same as that of the receiver. On the other hand, better BER performance can be achieved when the antenna height difference is large.","PeriodicalId":333610,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130447352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiansong Gan, Zhiheng Guo, K. Sandlund, Jianjun Liu, Xiaodong Shen, Rui Fan, Weihong Liu, Hai Wang, Guangyi Liu
{"title":"LTE In-Band Relay Prototype and Field Measurement","authors":"Jiansong Gan, Zhiheng Guo, K. Sandlund, Jianjun Liu, Xiaodong Shen, Rui Fan, Weihong Liu, Hai Wang, Guangyi Liu","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2012.6239938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2012.6239938","url":null,"abstract":"Relaying is a feature defined in LTE Release 10 to provide coverage in new areas and/or to improve cell-edge throughput. For the purpose of investigating relay's performance in a real network, an LTE TDD in-band relay prototype was developed. Based on this prototype some field measurements were conducted using LTE Release-8 terminals. Both indoor scenarios and outdoor scenarios were tested. Measurement results show that relays (once properly deployed) provide good coverage in the coverage holes of a donor eNB. Besides coverage extension, relays can also improve data rate in the poorly-covered area of a donor eNB, i.e. cell edge. The throughput of a terminal served by this relay prototype reaches around 8 Mbps in the uplink and 20 Mbps in the downlink. Regarding latency, given uplink data is always scheduled, the measured round-trip time via the relay is around 10 ms larger than that directly via the donor eNB.","PeriodicalId":333610,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129191051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contention Based Access for Machine-Type Communications over LTE","authors":"Kaijie Zhou, N. Nikaein, R. Knopp, C. Bonnet","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240150","url":null,"abstract":"To enable the efficient and low latency machine-type communications (MTC) over long term evolution (LTE), a contention based access (CBA) method is proposed. With CBA, UEs transmit packets on the randomly selected resource without having any UE specific scheduled resources. To address the problem of collision caused by CBA in high traffic load, eNB exploits the MU-MIMO detection technique to decode radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) of the collided UEs and use this information to perform a regular scheduling in subsequent subframe. Detailed low layer signaling enhancement to implement CBA technique in current LTE specification (Rel. 10) is also presented. Simulation results demonstrate that the CBA significanlty outperforms the existing uplink channel access methods.","PeriodicalId":333610,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125304161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of End-to-End Communication Quality of LTE","authors":"L. Zhang, T. Okamawari, T. Fujii","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240243","url":null,"abstract":"LTE (Long Term Evolution) is standardized in 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) to provide higher data throughput as well as lower latency for various IP based services including web browsing, VoIP (Voice over IP), video streaming and so on. In this paper, we conduct the performance evaluation of LTE by indoor and outdoor experiments. We evaluated both TCP throughput and UDP transmission delay. For the TCP throughput evaluation, we observed the TCP- uplink-limit problem in which the uplink performance degradation in low SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) region affects on the downlink TCP throughput. We also analyzed the transmission delay of UDP packets. The delay distribution is affected by the traffic pattern, i.e. packet size and inter packet gap.","PeriodicalId":333610,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125389212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Dynamic Channel Assignment Scheme for Distributed Antenna Networks","authors":"Ryusuke Matsukawa, Tatsunori Obara, F. Adachi","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240293","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a dynamic channel assignment (DCA) scheme for distributed antenna networks (DANs). DANs, in which many antennas are distributed in each cell, significantly reduce the transmit power compared to conventional cellular networks (CNs). In DAN, a different group of channels should be assigned for each distributed antenna to avoid the interference. Since DAN can also reduce the interference power due to its low transmit power property, the same channel groups can be reused even within the same cell. Proposed DCA scheme dynamically assigns the channels based on the co-channel interference measurement. Computer simulation results demonstrate that the DAN using proposed DCA achieves higher spectrum efficiency than the conventional CN.","PeriodicalId":333610,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126740854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Syue, Chin-Liang Wang, Vincent Gauthier, P. Tsai
{"title":"Coverage-Extended Cooperative Geographic Routing with Optimal Power Allocation for Wireless Multihop Networks","authors":"S. Syue, Chin-Liang Wang, Vincent Gauthier, P. Tsai","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240215","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative geographic routing has emerged as an efficient, scalable routing paradigm that exploits the joint merit of cooperative diversity and position-aided localized operation to enhance the network performance. In terms of the hop efficiency, an existing scheme called Relay-Aware Cooperative Routing (RACR) has offered a cross-layer approach based on its quantitative study of how physical-layer cooperation leads to link-layer radio coverage extension, under the policy of equal power allocation (EPA) over the cooperating nodes. However, the effect of cooperation-based radio coverage extension dramatically varies with the power allocation policy in use. In this paper, we extend the RACR scheme by addressing a power-optimized cooperative geographic routing problem. With the joint optimization of relaying position and power allocation, the maximum cooperative transmission range is derived. We then, according to the result, present a modified cross-layer routing protocol taking into account the effectuation of optimal power allocation (OPA). Simulation results show that the proposed scheme effectively improves the coverage extension performance as well as reduces the average number of hops.","PeriodicalId":333610,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126772923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physical-Layer Network Coding Using FSK Modulation under Frequency Offset","authors":"Terry Ferrett, H. Ochiai, M. Valenti","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240264","url":null,"abstract":"Physical-layer network coding is a protocol capable of increasing throughput over conventional relaying in the two- way relay channel, but is sensitive to phase and frequency offsets among transmitted signals. Modulation techniques which require no phase synchronization such as noncoherent FSK can compensate for phase offset, however, the relay receiver must still compensate for frequency offset. In this work, a soft- output noncoherent detector for the relay is derived, under the assumption that the source oscillators generating FSK tones lack frequency synchronization. The derived detector is shown through simulation to improve error rate performance over a conventional detector which does not model offset, for offset values on the order of a few hundredths of a fraction of FSK tone spacing.","PeriodicalId":333610,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123315599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Results on the Connectivity in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks","authors":"Min-Kuan Chang, Che-Ann Shen, Min-Han Chuang","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2012.6240220","url":null,"abstract":"We first investigate when it is possible for two nodes in a wireless network to communicate with each other. Based on the result from bond percolation in a two-dimensional lattice, as long as the probability that a sub-square is close is less than 0.5 and each sub-square contains at least four nodes, percolation occurs. Following that, we establish the conditions for full connectivity in a network graph. How two adjacent sub-squares are connected differentiates this work from others. Two adjacent sub-squares are connected if there exists a communicating path between them instead of a direct communication link. The full connectivity occurs almost surely if each sub-square contains at least one node and the probability of having an open sub- edge is no less than 0.3822. Simulations are conducted to validate the proposed conditions for percolation and full connectivity. We also apply the results to SINR model [1]. We find each node can tolerate more interference than that stated in [1]. Last, we extend the results to the case of unreliable transmission. Under this situation, increasing nodes per sub-square or maintaining the probability of successful transmission above a certain threshold seems to be two possible approaches to achieve percolation and full connectivity.","PeriodicalId":333610,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126545465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akihito Taya, S. Denno, Koji Yamamoto, M. Morikura, D. Umehara, H. Murata, S. Yoshida
{"title":"A Virtual Successive Detection for Cooperative MU-MIMO Systems with Reduced CSI","authors":"Akihito Taya, S. Denno, Koji Yamamoto, M. Morikura, D. Umehara, H. Murata, S. Yoshida","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2012.6239970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2012.6239970","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a receiver using the concept of a \"virtual channel\" and Turbo codes for multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems with cooperating transmitters. In order to reduce feedback information from receivers, a precoding method with reduced channel state information (CSI) is needed. Although signals interfere with each other in such a system, the proposed receiver enables high-speed transmission by detecting signals iteratively. In the proposed iterative scheme, soft information is exchanged between virtual channel detectors and Turbo decoders to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance. We evaluate the performance of the proposed receiver in systems with two transmitters, each equipped with four antennas, and two receivers, each equipped with two antennas. The results show that the proposed receiver can improve the system performance owing to the iteration scheme.","PeriodicalId":333610,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122256737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}