IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics最新文献

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Vector Principles of Inertial Navigation 矢量惯性导航原理
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1959-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201690
A. Schneider
{"title":"Vector Principles of Inertial Navigation","authors":"A. Schneider","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201690","url":null,"abstract":"A vector equation, which is derived from first principles, describes the mechanization of inertial navigation systems for use anywhere in space. A specialized form of this equation applies directly to three-dimensional motion at any speed, any altitude, over an elliptical, rotating earth. The usefulness of this equation is illustrated by working out an example of a system design. Behavior of errors in inertial systems is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"ANE-6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1959-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130806524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Improvements on the Instrument Landing System 仪表着陆系统的改进
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1959-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201674
W. E. Jackson
{"title":"Improvements on the Instrument Landing System","authors":"W. E. Jackson","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201674","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper deals primarily with CAA contribution to the art of instrument landing systems and is confined to the localizer and glide-path portions of the system. It describes briefly the present standard 8-loop localizer used at most sites as well as some modifications made in the basic localizer concept in order to adapt it to locations where siting problems exist. It also describes the standard glide slope as well as a new type of glide slope for use at extremely poor locations.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1959-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124719488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A Look at the Future of Automatic Landing Systems 展望自动着陆系统的未来
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1959-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201678
G. Litchford, A. Tatz, F. Battle
{"title":"A Look at the Future of Automatic Landing Systems","authors":"G. Litchford, A. Tatz, F. Battle","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201678","url":null,"abstract":"Current systems of instrument approach guidance, even with recent and forthcoming improvements, are shown to be inadequate for future operational needs. The potential weaknesses of current techniques include restrictions on flight-control maneuverability, limited landing rates, special terrain and siting requirements, and deterioration of service in the critical low-altitude region near touchdown. A broad look at future requirements, especially those posed by jet operations, leads to a specific set of desirable system characteristics. An approach system that is suitable to replace the interim improvements now being implemented must provide a wide enough selection of flight paths to allow versatility in flight-control techniques; it must guide aircraft to actual landings; it must be fail-safe; and it must impose minimum burdens in terms of airborne equipment and of real estate. A review of possible data sources and devices for use in an ultimate system reveals only a few promising contenders. A proposed multiangular system of minimum complexity is described.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1959-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121419421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Electronic Landing Aids for Carrier Aircraft 舰载机电子着陆辅助装置
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1959-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201675
A. Brodzinsky
{"title":"Electronic Landing Aids for Carrier Aircraft","authors":"A. Brodzinsky","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201675","url":null,"abstract":"With no comparable change in landing areas, the landing speed of carrier aircraft has approximately doubled over the past 15 years. For this and other reasons the carrier landing procedure has become a very difficult task for which the aid of automatic electronic devices is sorely needed. Such systems would also greatly improve the continuity of flight operations through periods of poor visibility. A brief background of the problem is presented. The most recently developed fully automatic landing system consists of a three-coordinate tracking radar which provides closed-loop control through a ground-based computer, a ground-to-air data link and an autopilot in the aircraft. Recent successful sea trials indicate that the characteristics of this system are sufficiently accurate to provide a practical solution for the carrier landing problem.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1959-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128531947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Glide-Slope Antenna Arrays for Use under Adverse Siting Conditions 在不利选址条件下使用的滑坡天线阵列
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1959-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201676
F. Iden
{"title":"Glide-Slope Antenna Arrays for Use under Adverse Siting Conditions","authors":"F. Iden","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201676","url":null,"abstract":"The problems of generation of an adequate glideslope signal on a practical airport site are examined, with particular attention to the path-shape degradation introduced by inadequate smooth surface in the primary reflecting area, and hills and similar mirror obstructions under the approach line. Quality factors are derived to establish comparison standards to evaluate the relative performance to be expected in application of various of the available arrays to any particular site. Two antenna arrays are described, which have been found in an extensive program of flight testing to provide substantial improvement in certain of these defective sites.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1959-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116384152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Instrument Landing at the National Bureau of Standards 仪器在国家标准局着陆
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1959-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201669
F. G. Kear
{"title":"Instrument Landing at the National Bureau of Standards","authors":"F. G. Kear","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201669","url":null,"abstract":"In 1928 commercial aviation in the United States had developed to the point that the urgent need for additional facilities which would permit all-weather flight was evident to everyone. In anticipation of this need, the aircraft industry had undertaken the development of new and more precise aircraft instruments, including the sensitive altimeter, the artificial horizon, and the directional gyro. The aural radio range was beginning to be installed along the lighted airways and the National Bureau of Standards had completed initial development of the visual type range beacon. The aircraft radio group at the National Bureau of Standards, headed by Harry Diamond under the supervision of Dr. John H. Dellinger, undertook to coordinate these new facilities in an effort to solve the problem of flight during poor visibility. With General (then Lieutenant) James Doolittle as pilot, an installation at Mitchel Field in 1929 of the low-power visual range beacon and low-frequency marker beacon, together with the new flight instruments permitted Doolittle to effect hooded landings. It was evident that additional information was necessary. This was achieved by the development of the landing beam or glide path. Operating on a frequency of about 100 mc, it provided a signal which informed the pilot as to his location with reference to a predetermined descent path. Combined with the radio range beacon, instrument landings now became possible.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1959-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127345175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The AN/MSN-3: An Automatic Ground-Controlled Approach System AN/MSN-3:自动地面控制进近系统
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1959-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201681
H. Goldstein, B. Cutler
{"title":"The AN/MSN-3: An Automatic Ground-Controlled Approach System","authors":"H. Goldstein, B. Cutler","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201681","url":null,"abstract":"A system is described whereby information gathered by a standard ground controlled approach (GCA) radar is utilized to compute automatically all GCA approach-control commands; these commands are then transmitted simultaneously to a maximum of six aircraft via the USAF frequency-division digital data link for automatic control of the aircraft approach. The system is designed to enable continuous human monitoring of the AGCA traffic-control operation and to include visual and aural warning signals in the monitoring system for added safety. Problems relating to optimum system response and gain parameters are discussed and control equations are defined. Results of extensive testing demonstrate a system capable of providing smooth control during the aircraft final approach under high-density traffic conditions. System accuracy is well within specified limits of ±50 feet in azimuth and ±30 feet in elevation at a minimum release point 100 feet above the runway.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1959-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126327006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The FAA Philosophy and Program of Instrument Approach and Landing System Development 美国联邦航空局仪器进近和着陆系统发展的理念和计划
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1959-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201677
L. C. Wright, D. J. Sheftel
{"title":"The FAA Philosophy and Program of Instrument Approach and Landing System Development","authors":"L. C. Wright, D. J. Sheftel","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201677","url":null,"abstract":"An all-weather instrument landing system is urgently required by both civil and military users of the airspace. To this end the Government has pursued several developmental approaches which have contributed significantly to our knowledge and understanding of what steps must now be taken. This article describes much of what has been learned from previous efforts and describes the approach presently being taken by the Federal Aviation Agency to improve the present system, to achieve an interim landing system capability, and to provide a future system that will serve all users of the airspace.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1959-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123904496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
All-Weather Landing 全天候着陆
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1959-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201672
J. L. Anast
{"title":"All-Weather Landing","authors":"J. L. Anast","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201672","url":null,"abstract":"The development of all-weather landing is reviewed, particularly with regard to automatic control aspects. Flare-out schemes are described as well as experience with various systems. Problems of cross wind and techniques for eliminating their effects are included, along the \"weather cock\" technique. Crab-angle elimination and castering cross-wind landing gear methods are touched upon.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1959-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126442747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Ground-Controlled Approach---Its Development and Early Operational Use 地面控制进近——发展与早期作战应用
IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics Pub Date : 1959-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201671
C. Porterfield
{"title":"Ground-Controlled Approach---Its Development and Early Operational Use","authors":"C. Porterfield","doi":"10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TANE3.1959.4201671","url":null,"abstract":"Ground-Controlled Approach (GCA) was developed to meet military requirements for a \"universal\" blind-landing system, needing no additional airborne equipment or pilot indoctrination beyond short-range voice radio and basic instrument training. The talk-down principle, previously discredited in favor of beam-approach systems, was proved feasible when accurate information was available. The requirements of rapid radar scanning, at low angles to the horizon, with a high degree of accuracy at short range, were met by linear dipole arrays at 3-cm wavelength, with mechanical variation of waveguide width varying the angle of radiated power to the array. Half-power beamwidth for the elevation antenna was 0.1°; for the azimuth antenna, 0.8°. To translate range/angle data into a linear relationship of range vs deviation in feet from a selected approach path, a new type of indication was developed, i.e., Expanded Partial PPI Indicator (EPI). This permitted direct interpretation and immediate transmission of the data to the pilot by the controller. GCA's wartime service record, beginning late in 1944, proved its effectiveness under all conditions and led to further modifications and simplification for postwar commercial as well as military use.","PeriodicalId":332621,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1959-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114320284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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