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Managing Monumental Crises 管理重大危机
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.18122/boga.10.1.4.boisestate
Carmelo Urza, W. Douglass
{"title":"Managing Monumental Crises","authors":"Carmelo Urza, W. Douglass","doi":"10.18122/boga.10.1.4.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/boga.10.1.4.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a brief chronological overview of Basque immigration and participation in the sheep industry of the American West. It describes the process leading to the conception and development of the National Basque Sheepherder Monument in Reno’s Rancho San Rafael Park, including the discussions with regards to whether it should be Traditional/Realistic or Modern/Symbolic in nature. It explains the potential crisis that threatened to sidetrack the Monument, the inaugural ceremony and the symbolism of the statue Bakardade/Solitude by Basque sculptor Nestor Basterretxea and its relationship with the characteristics of the Basque people. Finally, it incorporates the figurative sculpture donated by the John Ascuaga family to the University of Nevada, Reno.","PeriodicalId":332311,"journal":{"name":"BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131721774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
We Can Only Say What a Basque Is Not 我们只能说巴斯克人不是什么
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.18122/boga.10.1.2.boisestate
Blake Allmendinger
{"title":"We Can Only Say What a Basque Is Not","authors":"Blake Allmendinger","doi":"10.18122/boga.10.1.2.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/boga.10.1.2.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"What does it mean to be Basque, and why has this question become more complicated in the twenty-first century? An examination \u0000 of several artists and their work provide possible answers to this question. American avant-garde artist Man Ray produced an \u0000 experimental silent film in 1926 entitled Emak Bakia. Why he used this Basque phrase—which roughly translates \u0000 as “Leave me alone”— is a mystery that has never been solved. In 2012, Basque filmmaker Oskar Alegria decided to track down the \u0000 source of Ray’s inspiration in his documentary, The Search for Emak Bakia, 2012. By a strange twist of circumstance, \u0000 searching for Alegria’s film turns out to be as difficult as solving the mystery of Emak Bakia. The film has never been \u0000 shown in the United States, though a private copy was made available to the author of this article with the director’s \u0000 permission. A Maurice Ravel musical composition and Eduardo Chillida’s sculpture in the Basque Country also help to explore \u0000 this question. Together, the nuances of these collective artistic endeavors and their focus on “what is not” can suggest \u0000 an alternative way to think about “what is.”","PeriodicalId":332311,"journal":{"name":"BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129442387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Miren’s Story
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.18122/boga.10.1.3.boisestate
Mark Pleiss
{"title":"Miren’s Story","authors":"Mark Pleiss","doi":"10.18122/boga.10.1.3.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/boga.10.1.3.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"Ten-year-old Miren Alonso was one of almost 4,000 Basque children evacuated from the Basque Country in northern Spain to Southampton, England by the Basque Government in May 1937, during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). This article, based on extensive oral testimony, provides a firsthand look at a historical event that remains largely unknown to most people. It is also one of only a few long-term studies of the evacuation from the perspective of an individual. This is a summary of Miren’s experience before, during, and after the evacuation, framed within the social, political, and historical context of the period. Her story is a remarkable account of what it was like to be a child refugee, separated from her parents and sent from a war-ravaged city into the care of strangers in a country with a language that she did not speak. It is also the account of what is was like to face the aftereffects of the evacuation and trauma of the Spanish Civil War. This is a story of tragedy on an almost incomprehensible scale, but also a story of resilience, human kindness, and the power of community.","PeriodicalId":332311,"journal":{"name":"BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114999832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Distinctively Basque Stone Shelters of California’s White Mountains 加州怀特山脉独特的巴斯克石屋
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.18122/boga.9.1.4.boisestate
M. R. Wing, Elizabeth H. Wing, Amin M. Al-Jamal
{"title":"The Distinctively Basque Stone Shelters of California’s White Mountains","authors":"M. R. Wing, Elizabeth H. Wing, Amin M. Al-Jamal","doi":"10.18122/boga.9.1.4.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/boga.9.1.4.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"Basque and French shepherds in California’s White Mountains built dry stone shelters that persist today. Despite French names \u0000 carved on logs associated with a few of these structures, the typical pattern for these shelters is Basque: they closely \u0000 resemble the cabañas pastoriles (shepherd’s huts) of Bizkaia. A square floor plan with walls about one meter high enclose \u0000 a single chamber. The stone work is carefully laid to make one wall face. A narrow doorway, often in a corner, faces downhill \u0000 in any direction except west and can be flanked by low stone “spurs”. A fireplace is usually built into the south wall. Boulders \u0000 too large to move are usually in the western wall or northwest corner. Metal, glass, wood, bone or leather artifacts are present. \u0000 Typically Basque arborglyphs (carvings in aspen trees) are found nearby at lower elevations. It is unclear whether the White Mountains \u0000 shelters originally had roofs.","PeriodicalId":332311,"journal":{"name":"BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114374778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Luisa Etxenike's Trilogy on Terrorism 路易莎·埃特尼克的恐怖主义三部曲
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.18122/boga.9.1.2.boisestate
Agnieszka Gutthy
{"title":"Luisa Etxenike's Trilogy on Terrorism","authors":"Agnieszka Gutthy","doi":"10.18122/boga.9.1.2.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/boga.9.1.2.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the themes of the three novels of Luisa \u0000 Etxenike: El ángulo ciego (Blind Spot, 2009), Absoluta presencia (Absolute \u0000 Presence, 2018), and Aves del Paraíso (Birds of Paradise, 2019). The novels \u0000 form a trilogy on ETA terrorism, and each novel is dedicated to a different emotion caused by this violence: fear, \u0000 guilt, and shame. In her novels Etxenike moves away from the portrayal of terrorists and toward portrayal of the victims. \u0000 She approaches the theme of ETA violence and of social fragmentation and suffering it has caused emphasizing the culture \u0000 of blame and fear that this violence instills in its survivors. She structures her novels on a central axis, moral \u0000 questioning. Each novel is a reflection on the consequences of terrorism in the life of its victims.","PeriodicalId":332311,"journal":{"name":"BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122388562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Places Beyond Memory 记忆之外的地方
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.18122/boga.9.1.3.boisestate
Mark W. Pleiss
{"title":"Places Beyond Memory","authors":"Mark W. Pleiss","doi":"10.18122/boga.9.1.3.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/boga.9.1.3.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"This study highlights a heretofore-unexplored narrative device in Bernardo Atxaga’s fiction by highlighting how \u0000 the author’s representation of spaces surrounding Reno and the Great Basin in Días de Nevada models what Berberich \u0000 et al. (2016) call affective landscapes. The approach contributes to, and looks beyond, the traditional focus on \u0000 memory in criticism of Atxaga, and it illustrates the story’s engagement with the emotional experiences of populations \u0000 in the North American West that are not explored or rarely treated in the author’s other works. Finally, this paper \u0000 contributes a new conceptual model to studies like Elena Delgado et al. (2016) that have used affect and the emotions \u0000 as categories of historical analysis in the study of national and transnational relations between Europe and the Americas.","PeriodicalId":332311,"journal":{"name":"BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124796880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Creative Becomings 创新成为
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.18122/boga.9.1.1.boisestate
M. Gamboa
{"title":"Creative Becomings","authors":"M. Gamboa","doi":"10.18122/boga.9.1.1.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/boga.9.1.1.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the presence of cultural traits of Basque tradition in the visual arts and Uruguayan literature of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Likewise, the research deconstructs the concept of “cultural legacy” applied in studies regarding multiculturalism in Uruguay. This approach implied a type of degradation at a cultural level, in which successive generations (first, second, third, and fourth) gradually lost their “original culture”. However, the cultural traits of the Basque ethnic group that appear in the visual arts and literature were shaped by the descendants of the first and second generations. The research demonstrates that certain cultural manifestations can re-emerge among the pieces created by the descendants of the second, third or fourth generation, rather than by the generation that arrived in the country for the first time. On the whole, the article analyses the continuum of the cultural legacy of Basque immigration in Uruguay from an anthropological point of view. As a result, the work presents a non-linear approach to the cultural contribution of Basque immigrants in this country.","PeriodicalId":332311,"journal":{"name":"BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129791141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Basque Radical Rock 巴斯克激进岩石
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.18122/boga/vol7/iss1/2/boisestate
Edurne Arostegui
{"title":"Basque Radical Rock","authors":"Edurne Arostegui","doi":"10.18122/boga/vol7/iss1/2/boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/boga/vol7/iss1/2/boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to chart the origins of the so-called Basque Radical Rock movement \u0000 and its varied use by different social groups, from political organizations of the time \u0000 to anarchist, marginalized youth needing to express the pessimistic view of their present \u0000 circumstances. Basque Radical Rock represented a growing sense of modern Basqueness and \u0000 difference that shaped the scene, moving away from pastoral images toward urban decadence. \u0000 Although politics did influence the growth and spread of music throughout the Basque Country, \u0000 many did not feel represented by these causes. The youth�s backlash against socio-economic \u0000 conditions and their nihilistic view of the future is key to understanding the music of the \u0000 period, as well as widespread drug use. The conditions and struggles epitomized in Basque Radical \u0000 Rock left a lasting impact on Basque society. The music remains and still resonates during the \u0000 existing crisis and has not been relegated to the past.","PeriodicalId":332311,"journal":{"name":"BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130364062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Silence and Invisibility as Weapons of Hegemonic Nationalism in Fernando Aramburu's Patria 阿朗布鲁《祖国》中的沉默与隐形:霸权民族主义的武器
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.18122/boga/vol7/iss1/1/boisestate
Olga Bezhanova
{"title":"Silence and Invisibility as Weapons of Hegemonic Nationalism in Fernando Aramburu's Patria","authors":"Olga Bezhanova","doi":"10.18122/boga/vol7/iss1/1/boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/boga/vol7/iss1/1/boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"Fernando Aramburu�s Patria (2016) has undoubtedly constituted one of the most explosive publishing successes of Spain�s\u0000 literary market of the recent years. The author depicts Basque nationalism as a flawed product deriving from irrational violent impulses that supposedly \u0000 lie at the core of the Basque identity, while privileging a hegemonic Castilian nationalism. Aramburu�s perspective, however, is tainted by his geographic \u0000 and affective distancing from Euskadi, which arises not only from the fact that he has been living in Germany since 1985 but also from his identity as an \u0000 author who writes only in Spanish. His novel misses the mark, as it consists of a collection of easily digestible stereotypes that do not facilitate a \u0000 profound understanding of the Basque reality.","PeriodicalId":332311,"journal":{"name":"BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133811053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Size Matters 规模很重要
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.18122/boga/vol7/iss1/3/boisestate
Kerri Lesh
{"title":"Size Matters","authors":"Kerri Lesh","doi":"10.18122/boga/vol7/iss1/3/boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/boga/vol7/iss1/3/boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"Text production indexes a set of values as semiotics are utilized to market \u0000 gastronomic products. These values are referenced through the language used, various \u0000 font styles and sizes, and the food being promoted. The Basque Country has become a \u0000 �Culinary nation,� world-renowned for its unique culture and gastronomy. This paper \u0000 looks at how semiotics are used to create value in marketing locally-made wine and \u0000 cider. A ubiquitously seen Basque font is used for both cider and wine to reference \u0000 traditional components of Basque culture, while font size on Rioja Alavesa wine labels \u0000 stresses the distinction between neighboring regions. The use of language alongside \u0000 font style and size are part of a system that simultaneously indexes political, social, \u0000 and linguistic affinities. By looking at how and where semiotics are manipulated to \u0000 create meaning, value can be increased or even decreased for both the product and the \u0000 Basque language alike.","PeriodicalId":332311,"journal":{"name":"BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127927316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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