The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam最新文献_第4页

Pietas Ottomanica

The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1163/9789004466753_003

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For the Love of Prophet Muḥammad 对先知的爱Muḥammad

The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1163/9789004466753_017

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The Modern Prophet 现代先知

The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1163/9789004466753_015

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Ḥadīth Culture and Ibn Taymiyya’s Controversial Legacy in Early Fifteenth Century Damascus Ḥadīth 15世纪早期大马士革的文化和伊本·泰米亚有争议的遗产

The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1163/9789004466739_006

I. Al, Ding Al, Dimashqī, His

{"title":"Ḥadīth Culture and Ibn Taymiyya’s Controversial Legacy in Early Fifteenth Century Damascus","authors":"I. Al, Ding Al, Dimashqī, His","doi":"10.1163/9789004466739_006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004466739_006","url":null,"abstract":"In post-canonical times, ḥadīth transmission became a pervasive social and cultural phenomenon, the mechanics of which have recently started to attract the attention of scholars. Despite the fact that, from the eleventh century onwards, the growing authority of the written canon challenged the function of the isnād and the indispensability of the oral transmission, such transmission did not die, rather it deeply changed opening the way to new modes and literary genres that expressed the concerns and aims of post-canonical transmission. Supported by a powerful ideology that justified transmission as a unique mark bestowed by God upon the Muslim community, transmitting the Prophet’s words transformed into a pervasive expression of piety and devotion; an effective way of bringing oneself close to Muḥammad and through him to God; as such “the Prophet’s words” became a most precious social and cultural capital worth of special investment and accumulation.1 From this perspective, ʿulūw (elevation in the isnād), that is proximity to Muḥammad in the chain of transmission, became the quality most eagerly sought after by scholars and transmitters. ʿUlūw allowed not only transmitters but also their auditors to move spiritually near to the Prophet. Such proximity was a source of spiritual benefit as well as social prestige.2 This process was already well on its way in Ayyubid times and was to blossom in the so called “middle period”. Between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, Damascus and Cairo hosted some of the most outstanding ḥadīth experts of all times. Ibn Ṣalāḥ al-Shahrazūrī (d. 1245/643) and al-Nawāwī (d. 676/1277), al-Dhahabī (d. 748/1348) and al-Mizzī (d. 742/1341), Ibn Ḥajar","PeriodicalId":332294,"journal":{"name":"The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123056876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Siyāda and Imamate in Eighteenth-Century India Siyāda和Imamate在十八世纪的印度

The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1163/9789004466753_008

Soraya Khodamoradi

{"title":"Siyāda and Imamate in Eighteenth-Century India","authors":"Soraya Khodamoradi","doi":"10.1163/9789004466753_008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004466753_008","url":null,"abstract":"During the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, when the central authority of the Indian Mughal Empire was gradually replaced by multiple centres of power and culture, the long-standing debates between the different denominations such as the Sunnīs and the Shīʿīs over their contested Islamic traditions thrived again. Shīʿī rulers of the newly emerging centres patronised their religious scholars (ʿulamāʾ) and seminaries and helped disseminating Shīʿī practices and rituals. In response to this development, Sunnīs began to reconsider their relationship with Shīʿism and produced a considerable number of polemical texts. Sunnī religious revivalists in South Asia even made the discussions about Shīʿism part of their reform agendas. Outstanding reformers such as Shāh Walī Allāh (d. 1762), Maẓhar Jān-i Jānān (d. 1780), Muḥammad Nāṣir ʿAndalīb (d. 1758), Khwāja Mīr Dard (d. 1785), and Shāh ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (d. 1824) engaged with the issue in different ways and for various aims, which ranged from uniting the main Islamic denominations to rebutting the Shīʿī position altogether. Among these revivalists, the Sufi reformer Mīr Dard, the theoretician of the Ṭarīqa Muḥammadiyya Khāliṣa (“Pure Muḥammadan Path”) founded by his father, ʿAndalīb, paid specific attention to denominational polemics. He propounded the notion of ṭarīqa wāthiqa (“trustworthy path”) as a framework for the reconstruction and reinvigoration of the doctrines of siyāda (“blood affiliation with the Prophet”) and of the imamate. This was presented by him as a solution for the sectarian and theological conflicts between the Shīʿīs and the Sunnīs. It was also supposed to support his and his father’s authority as descendants of the Prophet and as inheritors of the knowledge transmitted by his cousin and son-in-law ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib. This attempt came at a time when the decline of the imperial power created a dispute over moral and religious authority among different Islamic groups. Focusing on Dard’s texts and employing both conceptual-semantic and contextual-historical methods of analysis, this chapter explores the role of siyāda and imāma (leadership) in Dard’s philosophy of Ṭarīqa Muḥammadiyya. It searches for the reason behind his insistence to be recognised as a member","PeriodicalId":332294,"journal":{"name":"The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131293750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The World of al-Qandūsī (d. 1278/1861) al-Qandūsī的世界(1278/1861年)

The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1163/9789004466739_023

Hiba Abid

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The Prophet, Law, and Constitution in Pakistani Society 巴基斯坦社会中的先知、法律和宪法

The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1163/9789004466753_013

J. Malik

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English Summary of Chapter 4 第四章英文摘要

The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1163/9789004466753_007

S. Reichmuth

{"title":"English Summary of Chapter 4","authors":"S. Reichmuth","doi":"10.1163/9789004466753_007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004466753_007","url":null,"abstract":"Since the inception of the “Syndicate of the Descendants of the Prophet” (niqābat al-ashrāf ) in the tenth century, this institution was considered as a part of what the Muslim jurists called the “(public) institutions provided by (Islamic) law” (al-wilāyāt al-sharʿiyya), that is, the political, administrative, and social institutions of the Islamic state, such as the police, market supervision (ḥisba), judiciary, and the administration of religious endowments. It thus belonged to the institutions which fell under the final authority of the caliph. Whenever the Islamic heritage gained in importance for the caliphate, the ḥisba, and the judiciary, these institutions became the subject of meticulous reflection, independent jurisprudence, and of a rich literary production. Other institutions were rather neglected, and reflection about them did only sparsely develop; even though they were equally essential to Islamic society, such as the police and the Syndicate of the Descendants of the Prophet. With respect to the niqābat al-ashrāf, we observe that reflection on it was rather developed by Shāfiʿī jurists than by the other schools of law, which for a long time shared the conceptual framework that had been developed by the Shāfiʿīs. The most influential legal treatise discussing this topic was the famous book written by Abū l-Ḥasan al-Māwardī (d. 450/1058), “The Legal Provisions of Rule and of the Islamic Public Institutions” (al-Aḥkām al-sulṭāniyya wa-l-wilāyāt al-islāmiyya), where the legal framework of the niqābat al-ashrāf is laid out in chapter 8. The contemporary Ḥanbalī jurist Abū Yaʿlā al-Farrāʾ (d. 458/1066) shows a close resemblance to Māwardī’s text in his own al-Aḥkām al-sulṭāniyya. Both works seems to represent the legal consensus which was apparently shared during their time by the different legal schools. According to Māwardī, the basic principle on which the niqāba is founded is the protection of those of noble ancestry from the power of those who do not equal them by descent and nobility. In the fifth Islamic century, Muslim society viewed the descendants of the Prophet either with great esteem (in the case of the Sunnīs), or with outright veneration (in the case of the Shīʿīs), conceding to them the right of institutional independence from any external authority. Māwardī did not find an outright legal proof for this independence and for the establishment of a syndicate; but he referred to a Prophetic ḥadīth which called in general terms for the knowledge of one’s ancestry and for the loyalty towards one’s relatives. He established his concept of institutional independence without bothering about any further proof, and connected the","PeriodicalId":332294,"journal":{"name":"The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129887794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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“There Is Matter for Thought” “有思想的物质”

The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1163/9789004466739_007

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