Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym最新文献

{"title":"An analysis of U.S. Custom and Border Protection’s tripartite Mexico border security policy","authors":"T. Garrett","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.21.4.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.21.4.07","url":null,"abstract":"The Custom and Border Protection (CBP) border security policy was explicitly presented by former Acting Commissioner of CBP, David Aguilar, in testimony before the United States Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee (HSGAC) on April 4, 2017 in testimony on the subject of “Fencing Along the Southwest Border.” Important for discussion here are the key components of the DHS/CBP/Border Patrol’s strategy, or sets of policies, laying forth elements of the border walls (including barriers, fences), personnel, and technology in order to hinder, or intercept, undocumented migrants (homo sacer) from entering the United States illegally—all socially constructed. Aguilar notes in his opening remarks “Maintaining a safe and secure environment along the U.S.—Mexico border is critical. A safe and orderly border that is predicated on the strong rule of law deprives criminal organizations, drug cartels, and criminal individuals the opportunity to thrive.” In Aguilar’s testimony, when pressed by Ranking Member Senator Claire McCaskill, he set forth the current needs for CBP/Border Patrol priority of the three elements in the following order: (1) Technology (border surveillance), (2) Personnel (numbers of agents along the border), and, (3) The Border Wall (physical infrastructure: fences, walls, and vehicle barriers). The security apparatus affects dwellers along the Rio Grande and undocumented border crossers, demonstrated here with an analysis of the application of President Trump’s Zero Tolerance policy (April 6–June 20, 2018). The security framework applied in this paper will consist of theoretical approaches assessing border surveillance as a panopticon, the use of Border Patrol agents for apprehending, detaining and removing homo sacer, and the symbolism of the border wall as a spectacle and simulacrum—all understood in the pursuit of USA border security policy.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"21 1","pages":"89-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43429695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A camera never told the truth: An exploration of objectivity in photojournalism","authors":"S. Rehman","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.21.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.21.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"Several cases have surfaced in the past two decades where the photojournalists associated with some of the most respected and trusted news organizations have been accused of altering the news photos. During the same time, the developments in the digital cameras and editing software have put the image altering technology into the hands of all practicing journalists and journalism students. This paper explores two, somewhat connected, issues: objectivity in photojournalism and ethics of altering photographic images. The paper discusses objectivity in journalism in general and photojournalism to address the question: Can a photojournalist use a camera to record reality in an objective manner? Since the photographers have altered (retouched) images from the very beginning of photography, where are the ethical boundaries of image alteration for the photojournalists?","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"21 1","pages":"45-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67659276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communicating a Company’s CSR Activities Through Social Networks: A Theoretical Framework","authors":"Kalina Grzesiuk","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.20.4.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.4.07","url":null,"abstract":"Companies which decide on socially responsible activities usually take into consideration benefits including the marketing effects of CSR programmes. However, in order to achieve that, the information about the socially responsible activities of companies must be spread and reach the audience of the company. That includes stakeholders related to the company that might be interested in receiving information about the social initiatives undertaken by the company. These stakeholders are connected with the firm through the network of social ties (SN). The main goal of this article is to present a theoretical framework of roles that these networks of social ties play in the effective communication of CSR activities. This paper is divided into three parts. The first one concerns the problem of how to communicate the involvement of a company in social initiatives. The second one contains the description of possible communication processes and strategies. The last one presents the analysis of the social networks perspective and its main characteristics and, in conclusion, it summarizes the main benefits a company can gain by applying the SN concept to CSR communication in the area of attribution and information spread through various channels.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"20 1","pages":"89-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41993020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspekty etyczne polskiej transformacji gospodarczej w enuncjacjach Konferencji Episkopatu Polski / Moral and Ethical Aspects of the Polish Transition from Communism in the Enunciations of the Polish Episcopate","authors":"Marek Delong","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.20.7.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.7.09","url":null,"abstract":"The Polish Episcopate critically assessed the social and economic situation in Poland in the period of the transition from communism to democracy and freemarket economy. Privatizations led to production being stopped and an increase in unemployment. Profit became the measure of labor, not human dignity. The economic and social reality was dominated by the treatment of economics and financial success as the highest values, and the dissemination of the opinion that in politics and economics there are no values. The political elites showed an inability to develop long-term strategies for getting out of the crisis. The disappearance of the morality of many representatives of public life, which manifested itself in universal corruption and the aspiration to improve their social status as soon as possible, contributed to this state of affairs. As a result, there was a crisis of the idea of the common wealth and an increase in crime. The social crisis was particularly visible in moral attitudes, social behaviour, and in the economic sphere, public finance, on the labour market, and in the quickly progressing social stratification.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"20 1","pages":"103-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44473999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The meritocracy or “responsibility elite”? An evangelical approach to the issue of social elites","authors":"P. Kopiec","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.20.7.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.7.07","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of meritocracy is among the keywords used to describe the contemporary world. Increasingly, it has become a central concept of an order with globalization and the impact of free-market philosophy on society and culture as the main factors. The concept of meritocracy examines the nature of elites. On the one hand, meritocratic elites come from groups selected for their merits and competences; on the other hand, they avoid their responsibility towards society and culture. Amongst many counterproposals, it seems worthwhile to present the evangelical concept of elites embedded in evangelical social teaching. Evangelical theology introduces the idea of responsibility elites in its social discourse. According to evangelical theologians, in order to overcome the growing social, economic and cultural crisis of today, it might be necessary to rehabilitate the notion of the common good. Considered from a sociological and a theological standpoint, responsibility elites play a significant role in spreading the concept of the common good. The article presents theological guidelines for evangelical teachings on elites as well as evangelical proposals concerning the subject matter, collating them with a comprehensive assessment of meritocratic elites.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"20 1","pages":"91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67659230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gospodarka jako zinstytucjonalizowany proces Instytucjonalizm Karla Polanyiego i jego etyczne konsekwencje / The Economy as Instituted Process. Karl Polanyi’s Institutionalism and Its Ethical Consequences","authors":"Maciej Kassner","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.20.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to a critical reconstruction of Karl Polanyi’s institutional theory and its ethical consequences. Starting with the distinction between the formal (neoclassical) and the substantial (institutional) understanding of the economy, the article proceeds to discuss the main forms of institutional integration of economic life described by Polanyi: reciprocity (symmetry), redistribution (centricity), and exchange (market). In this context, the author examines the connection between the work of Karl Polanyi and the economic anthropology represented by the works of Richard Thurnwald and Bronislaw Malinowski. The author argues that three main forms of institutional integration of economic life introduced by Karl Polanyi can be interpreted both as analytical tools to describe institutions and as a grand scheme for the classification of different economic systems. The next section of the article is devoted to a comparison between the institutional theories of Douglass North and Karl Polanyi. For North, the main explanatory category is the idea of transaction costs, whereas for Polanyi the key idea is that of the social embeddedness of the economy. When speaking about the social embeddedness of the economy, Polanyi draws our attention to the inseparable bonds which exist between economic institutions on the one hand, and culture, social structure and politics on the other hand. This theoretical difference between North and Polanyi, the author argues, has important ethical consequences. If Polanyi is right, then institutions are not only alternative solutions to a certain economic problem (i.e. the efficient allocation of resources, the reduction of transaction costs) but above all they are the embodiment of different conceptions of a good life. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the political dimension of Karl Polanyi’s institutional theory with its intriguing promise of liberating our social and political life from the economic fallacy, that is, from the unfortunate tendency to think about society in market terms.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"20 1","pages":"45-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67658791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Relationship between Welfare Economics and Ethics","authors":"C. Pagliari, Iacopo Odoardi","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.20.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay, the essential aspects of Welfare Economics are summarized in order to analyse the possible links with Ethics, and consequently to provide useful suggestions for Economic Policy. The Introduction contains the principles of neoclassical Welfare Economics, without considering the circumstances in which the so‑called failures of competitive markets occur. The second part of this paper contains a description of two possible solutions to the problem concerning the integration of Welfare Economics and Ethics. The first solution is the determination of the optimal combination of general competitive equilibrium principles and social ethics ones, without removing the theoretical structure of Welfare Economics. This first proposal, while retaining some economic liberalism principles, assigns a central role to the government, which is delegated to superimpose on the Pareto criterion a distributive justice rule. Another solution, which is suggested by Sen, is essentially directed to modify Welfare Economics by ethical criteria aimed at improving every individual deprivation, and it is based on the distinction between the two concepts of ‘utility’ and ‘agency’. We also proposed exploiting the original considerations written by Smith about social aspects as a useful integration and support to Sen’s approach.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"20 1","pages":"37-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67659233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ludzkie „Ja” w filozofii Emmanuela Levinasa i w Schizofrenii Antoniego Kepinskiego / The Self in the Theory of Levinas and in Kepinski’s Schizophrenia","authors":"Marek Jędraszewski","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.20.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Trust is a significant component of social capital. The notion is also important in economics, and has been investigated by psychologists and sociologists, too. The findings of the latter disciplines may and should be useful not only in economics but also in anthropology and metaphysics, which are able to provide answers to the fundamental questions about the roots of human honesty, confidence and willingness to help. Behind this question there is another one: what is the human Self, which is able to trust in and to provide the necessary support to the Other if needed, and how is it formed? The author of the article answers these questions with reference to the ideas of two eminent contemporary thinkers, Emmanuel Levinas (1906–1995) and Antoni Kepinski (1918–1972). Capturing the consistencies, similarities and differences between Kempinski’s description of the situation of a person with schizophrenia and the anthropological vision of Levinas’ philosophy is possible thanks to a scheme composed of three elements: the Self, the border, and the space-time order and hierarchy of values. If the Other is perceived as someone responsible for the Self, then it gives birth to trust of the Self in the Other, i.e. a strong conviction that the Other will not fail and is utterly honest with regard to the Self. Such a conviction is the foundation on which the Self builds a relationship with the Other. In this way, social capital, which is vital for the further development of society, is created. The capital is interfused by trust being the variable without which it is impossible to explain many economic phenomena.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"20 1","pages":"7-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67658780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics, Uncertainty, and Macroeconomics","authors":"Mariusz Maziarz","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.20.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I focus on the difference in moral judgment of macroeconomic interventions between the deterministic world of a thought experiment and the uncertain reality. The macroeconomic theory coined by Keynes is, in its most popular reading, deterministic and justifies interventionism. However, incorporating uncertainty into the analysis leads to the contrary result. Namely, if economic output is a random process, such as Gaussian white noise or a stochastic Markov chain, then intervening can bring either economic recovery or inflationary pressure and a next bubble. In the trolley‑problem philosophy, the one who pulls the lever instead of the trolley itself is believed to be guilty of the death of an innocent passer‑by standing on the side track. Similarly, if the Federal Reserve decided to intervene and failed (causing a bubble on the house market, instantiating), their monetary policy can be said to be a cause of the financial crisis. Therefore, governments should refrain from interventions.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"20 1","pages":"51-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67659329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and Economic Significance of Moral Capital","authors":"Marek Wódka","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.20.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, or even months, Polish scholars have gradually become more and more interested in moral capital. Generally, they have addressed this issue without going into much detail. Building on the latest publications which describe moral capital, this paper thoroughly explores the issue of the social and economic significance of moral capital. As a result, moral capital will be presented from two complementary points of view, namely sociological and economic.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"20 1","pages":"65-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67659432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}