J. Kaleicheva, Krassimir S. Kirov, V. Mishev, R. Lazarova, Z. Karaguiozova
{"title":"EFFECT OF BORON ON THE WEAR BEHAVIOR OF HIGH CHROMIUM WHITE CAST IRONS","authors":"J. Kaleicheva, Krassimir S. Kirov, V. Mishev, R. Lazarova, Z. Karaguiozova","doi":"10.17770/etr2023vol3.7294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2023vol3.7294","url":null,"abstract":"The wear behavior of high chromium white cast irons with composition: 2,6÷3,4% C; 0,9÷1,1% Si; 0,8÷1,1% Mn; 1,0÷1,3% Mo; 12,3÷13,4% Cr and 0,18 ÷ 1,25% B is investigated. The microstructure and tribological characteristics of six compositions of high chromium white cast irons (one without boron and with 0,18; 0,23; 0,59; 0,96; 1,25% boron) are studied.After casting, heat treatment was carried out, including quenching at 9500C and tempering at 2350C for 1 h. The influence of the heating temperature in the interval 850÷11000С, 25 min on the Rockwell hardness and the microstructure are studied.The wear resistance during abrasive wear for samples after casting and after heat treatment is investigated as measured loss of mass in terms of dry friction under load of 1,5 kg during 10 min. The lowest mass loss during abrasive wear test in dry conditions friction is defined for cast irons alloyed with 0,18 % boron - ∆ m = 0,1469 g after casting and ∆ m = 0,0022 g after heat treatment. The highest mass loss is determined during abrasive testing of alloyed cast irons with 0,96 and 1,25% boron. The alloyed cast irons with 0,18 % boron show highest wear resistance. ","PeriodicalId":332103,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115631377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ASSESSMENT BY MACROINVERTEBRATES OF THE ECOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SHALLOW LAKE WITH RICH SAPROPEL SEDIMENTS","authors":"R. Tretjakova, Jana Paidere, Aija Brakovska","doi":"10.17770/etr2023vol1.7315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2023vol1.7315","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the ecological quality of the Lake Vēveru (Latvia, Rēzekne district) according to macroinvertebrates was investigated. The Lake Vēveru has a large sapropel deposit. The Lake Vēveru is relatively little affected by human economic activity, the only moderate impact is sapropel mining in the lake in 2009-2012, it is planned to resume industrial sapropel mining in the lake. During the period of sapropel removal, a decrease in the transparency of water is noted due to the nutrient flow into the water mass, pH increases, the habitat of planktonic and benthic organisms is disturbed. Macroinvertebrates samples were collected and analyzed using standard methods in the open pelagic and littoral zones of the lake in different seasons. The ecological quality of the lake was assessed in accordance with the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive in Latvia. To characterize the ecological status of the lake the Latvian Lake Macroinvertebrate Multimetric Index was used. According to the Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) the lake indicates a good ecological status of the water. However, a moderately low species diversity index indicates the dominance of certain taxa. In general, macroinvertebrates species that are often and widely found in Latvia and are environmentally tolerant have been found in the lake. Water temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation reduction potential, chlorophyll-α were measured with a HACH OTT DS5 Probe. Water transparency was measured using a Secchi disc. ","PeriodicalId":332103,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121075302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valeri Bakardzhiev, Sabin Sabev, P. Kasabov, Konstantin Chukalov
{"title":"RESEARCH INTO 3D PRINTING LAYER ADHESION IN ABS MATERIALS","authors":"Valeri Bakardzhiev, Sabin Sabev, P. Kasabov, Konstantin Chukalov","doi":"10.17770/etr2023vol3.7255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2023vol3.7255","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to determine the impact of the two factors – layer thickness and printing speed in the adhesion of the layers in the ABS polymer. ABS control test tubes were printed and the tensile strength of each tube was measured. By means of statistical analysis, it was determined the impact of the layer thickness and the print speed on the adhesion between the layers. The research was focused on one of the most used materials in 3D printing. It can be concluded from the obtained results that the layer thickness has the greatest impact on the adhesion.","PeriodicalId":332103,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115520390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Melnikova, I. Dailidienė, Simona Graigaliūnienė, Eglė Stonkė
{"title":"PREREQUISITES FOR THE CREATION OF THE \"FROM FARM TO SCHOOL\" MODEL IN THE KLAIPEDA REGION: THE STUDY OF TARGET GROUPS’ EXPECTATIONS AND PERCEPTIONS","authors":"J. Melnikova, I. Dailidienė, Simona Graigaliūnienė, Eglė Stonkė","doi":"10.17770/etr2023vol1.7286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2023vol1.7286","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of the article is on school meal programs that are common throughout the world and are implemented to promote students’ healthy eating habits and bring added value to their learning outcomes. In recent years there has been increasing emphasis on the possibility of improving school meals by including locally grown products, thus contributing to the development of local economic systems. This model has acquired the name \"Farm to School\" in practice of some countries and, according to its supporters, emphasizes public procurement of locally grown food as a key market opportunity for farmers. The article has been prepared within the BSR Food Coalition project (funded by Interreg Baltic Sea Region Program, contract #S002). The project seeks to create the conditions for the emergence of the \"From farm to school\" model in the Baltic States. The study presented in the article aims at disclosing the conditions and opportunities for the promotion and use of foods produced by local farmers in general education schools in Klaipeda region, Lithuania as well as at defining necessary educational efforts to increase healthy nutrition, develop general health habits, and agricultural and food system literacy within general education schools and their communities. To achieve the aim the surveys with project target groups (school administration, students and their parents) have been carried out in Klaipeda region. The objectives of the survey were to gather data on target groups’ perceptions of local school food procurement and to disclose their opinion, needs and expectations related to model development. The findings of the study would be helpful for designing the further steps of collaboration between schools and local farmers in Klaipeda region. .","PeriodicalId":332103,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122983535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Tsvyatkov, E. Hristov Yankov, L. Lazov, E. Teirumnieks, K. Pīgožnis
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF CARBON STEEL MACHINED PARTS AFTER NANOSECOND FIBER LASER MARKING","authors":"P. Tsvyatkov, E. Hristov Yankov, L. Lazov, E. Teirumnieks, K. Pīgožnis","doi":"10.17770/etr2023vol3.7317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2023vol3.7317","url":null,"abstract":"Laser marking with a nanosecond fiber laser is one of the most common ways to permanently mark various engineering materials. The roughness of the machined surface and its observation is essential to evaluate the impact on the contrast of the marking as well. Experimental studies of the roughness obtained as a result of the laser marking, were inspected using a 3D measuring laser microscope OLYMPUS LEXT OLS5100. Analysis of the graphical dependence of the roughness function on the four process parameters: laser power, frequency, speed of marking and step. ","PeriodicalId":332103,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128799086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IMPACT OF TYPES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON LIVING NATURE","authors":"N. Dolchinkov, B. E. Karaivanova-Dolchinkova","doi":"10.17770/etr2023vol1.7224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2023vol1.7224","url":null,"abstract":"In our daily life we are exposed to electromagnetic radiation in a very wide range. In our century, these radiations are constantly increasing, and we do not always know how to protect ourselves from them and how they affect people and the rest of living nature. An attempt has been made to analyze the impact of emissions from a different frequency spectrum - from power supply with a frequency of 50 Hertz to high-frequency mobile communications with a frequency of up to 300 GHz. Studies in countries of Europe and the world were taken as a basis, and a study was made about the impact of these electromagnetic radiations in Central Northern Bulgaria and the Veliko Tarnovo region. It is shown how morbidity changes when they affect the peripheral and central nervous systems of people and what effect they can cause at high powers and high intensity at short distances. ","PeriodicalId":332103,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128560501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Taneva, K. Ambarev, S. Penchev, Hristo Atanasov
{"title":"FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF AN ARM OF MACPHERSON SUSPENSION ON A PASSENGER CAR","authors":"S. Taneva, K. Ambarev, S. Penchev, Hristo Atanasov","doi":"10.17770/etr2023vol3.7277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2023vol3.7277","url":null,"abstract":"The smoothness, ride comfort, safety and handling of the car depends on the manner of suspension design and its corresponding details. One of main functions of the arm and the rubber bushings mounted on it is to reduce the vibrations and the noise transferred from the road to the passenger car components. This article presents the results of a frequency analysis of an arm of the MacPherson front independent suspension. For this purpose, three-dimensional geometric models of the arm and rubber bushings are created via finite element analysis (FEA) software SolidWorks, where Skoda Octavia passenger car was used as a prototype. The axial, radial and torsional stiffness of the rubber bushings were determined through analytical dependences and FEА. The obtained results had been used for calculation of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the arm which were compared with experimentally obtained data.","PeriodicalId":332103,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130233408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PROPERTY INSURANCE DECISION-MAKING ON THE BASIS OF UTILITY FUNCTIONS","authors":"Oleg Uzhga-Rebrov, G. Kuleshova","doi":"10.17770/etr2023vol2.7308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2023vol2.7308","url":null,"abstract":"Property and other valuables insurance is widespread all over the world. An insurance company assumes the risk of damage or total destruction of the insured property. When this kind of damage or destruction is established, the company pays its client compensation (insurance premium) up to the amount specified in the insurance contract. For his part, the insured must pay a certain amount to the firm for the provision of insurance services. In any property insurance process, the question arises as to whether it is appropriate to insure the property for the price offered by the firm. The paper considers an approach to solving this problem based on expected utility theory.","PeriodicalId":332103,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference","volume":"113 6 Suppl 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130419395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ļubova Denisova, Antons Pacejs, E. Hristov Yankov, L. Lazov
{"title":"ANALYSING THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON THE PROCESS OF LASER MARKING OF SURFACE OF ANODISED ALUMINIUM SAMPLES","authors":"Ļubova Denisova, Antons Pacejs, E. Hristov Yankov, L. Lazov","doi":"10.17770/etr2023vol3.7270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2023vol3.7270","url":null,"abstract":"The requirements for marking in terms of contrast and durability are constantly increasing. In order to meet all these challenges, it is necessary to carry out research leading to the optimisation and increase in efficiency of the technological process of laser marking. In the case of aluminium, the contrast and durability of the marking depend on the values of the laser marking parameters. In order to determine the optimal laser marking method, experimental studies have been carried out, controlling the power, speed, frequency, pulse duration and line raster step for a specific anodised aluminium. The studies carried out were analysed and subsequently optimized to obtain a contrast marking. A Rofin PowerLine F 20 Varia fiber laser system and aluminium alloy 1050 with anodised surface were used for the research. The surface changes after the laser treatment were analysed using a laser scanning microscope and contrast determination method. The dependence of contrast and roughness on speed, power, frequency and raster step was analysed. Comparative plots of contrast and roughness variations versus laser marking technological parameters were constructed.","PeriodicalId":332103,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124162865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"APPLICATION OF THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE DESIGN OF SMALL ARM BARRELS","authors":"C. Conev, T. Karadzhov","doi":"10.17770/etr2023vol2.7213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2023vol2.7213","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an experimental investigation of the possibility for using the finite elements method (FEM) for definite the frequency of cross vibrations to the barrel of the small arm. To achieve the goals of the investigation a model of a real barrel with software product based on the method of the final elements is created. An experimental investigation with real shooting is done and statistics hypothesis checking is executed.","PeriodicalId":332103,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114769132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}