Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii最新文献

{"title":"Features of root rot development in the spring wheat agrophytocenosis under various agricultural technologies in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia","authors":"I. Korchagina, L. V. Yushkevich","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-90-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-90-96","url":null,"abstract":"Crop infection is a stress factor for plants. The development and spread of fungal phytopathogens (Fusarium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, etc.) of the root system leads to a significant decrease in both quantitative, and qualitative parameters of grain crop productivity. The current paper has presented the data (2011–2018) on the study of subsoil parts of spring wheat plants when they are damaged by root rots of various etiologies, depending on the forecrops, agricultural technology and plant protection products. In the conditions of the Omsk region, the introduction of rapeseed into field crop rotations is justified. The grain crop has a positive effect on improving the phytosanitary condition of the soil and crops. There has been established that the greatest spread of infection on the root system of plants is identified on wheat sown in fallow (35–46 %), the minimum spread after rapeseed (7–16 %). Seeds of bluegrass weeds during protective tillage are concentrated in an uppermost (0–10 cm) soil layer. The increased weed infestation of agrophytocenosis reduces the competitiveness of cultivated plants and, as a result, the population of B. sorokiniana conidia in soil increases, creating unfavorable conditions for spring wheat development, especially during the initial period of growth. The highest crop productivity, regardless of a forecrop, mean for intensification options, was provided by moldboard tillage with 3.02 t/ha (wheat sown in fallow); 2.60 t/ha (wheat sown after wheat) and 2.15 t/ha (wheat sown after rapeseed). With a protective tillage, there was grain productivity decrease on 0.20 t/ha (wheat sown in fallow); 0.22 t/ha (wheat sown after wheat) and 0.12 t/ha (wheat sown after rapeseed) t/ha, respectively, in comparison with a moldboard technology. When fertilizing and herbicidal-fungicidal treatment of sowings during a vegetation period of plants, there is a slight difference between agricultural technologies. The complex use of chemicals reduces the infection of agrophytocenosis on 7–11 % and increases spring wheat productivity upto 4.14 t/ha (on 98 %) relative to extensive agricultural technology.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42314576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbicides’ efficiency in a weed control on winter wheat sown in the steppe part of Kabardino-Balkaria","authors":"Kh.Sh. Tarchokov, A. Sarbasheva, O. K. Mataeva","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-77-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-77-83","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018–2020 there was studied the efficiency of new herbicides ‘Fenizan’, VR (water solution 360 + 22.2 g/l) and ‘Avroreks’, KE (332 + 21 g/l) at various doses (0.14-0.2 and 0.5–0.6 l/y) against weeds on the sowings of a new winter wheat variety ‘Pamyati Shatilova’ (co-breeding of the Institute of Agriculture of the Kabardino-Balkarsky Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences” and the National Grain Center named after P. P. Lukyanenko) in the conditions of the steppe part of Kabardino-Balkaria. The purpose of the current study was to identify more effective doses of these herbicides with a single application. As a control (without herbicides), there was adopted an agrotechnical method, namely harrowing across the direction of BZSS-1.0 crops in the tillering phase in spring. The soil of the experimental plot was an ordinary (calcareous) blackearth of heavy loamy granulometric composition. The arable (0–20 cm) layer contained 3.0–3.5 % of humus; 100 g of soil contained 1.56–2.87 % of Р2О5 (according to Machigin); 3.61–4.30 mg of K2O (according to Machigin); 6.8–7.0 of pH. The average annual rainfall is 360–400 mm. There was found that in the control variant, the total number of weeds decreased by 26.3 %, while the number of perennials remained unchanged. On variants with the use of herbicides, weediness of crops decreased on 71.1–83.8 %, including the increase of perennials on 52.6–80.7 %. A higher effect was obtained at 0.2 l/ha (73.2 and 60 %) of ‘Phenizan’, VR and 0.6 l/ha (83.8 and 80.7 %) of ‘Avroreks’, KE. By the time of winter wheat harvesting, the least amount of weeds was identified on the variants using these herbicides. The best results in reducing weeds’ amount were obtained from the use of ‘Avroreks’, KE at dosages of 0.5 and 0.6 g/l – 150–175 g/m2 of weeds, the percentage of their death was 88.9–93.6. The indicators of grain yield structure and the average yield for 3 years (46.7 and 47.7 c/ha) on the experimental variants were also in favor of ‘Avroreks’, KE (0.6 g/l). The yield increase in comparison with the standard herbicide ‘2.4-D Zernomaks’, KE was 17.4%, and with the control it was 29.6 %.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46685029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of winter barley for resistance to leaf diseases","authors":"E. Doroshenko, N. Shishkin","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-103-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-103-108","url":null,"abstract":"Barley production in the Rostov region, as well as throughout Russia, has taken its niche in agricultural production. Winter barley attracts farmers’ attention with its unpretentiousness and high productivity. The relevance of immunology used in the production of barley varieties does not decrease over time. Yield losses due to various leaf diseases can be as high as 30–50 %. The most common pathogens in the region are powdery mildew and helminthosporium blotches. The most effective and efficient way to improve the resistance of new varieties is the use of artificial infectious backgrounds. Provocative and extreme conditions promote a selection of parental forms and breeding lines that are most resistant to pathogens. The current paper has presented the results of the estimation of winter barley breeding and collection material based on the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy». The purpose of the study was to identify winter barley varieties and lines which are stably resistant and tolerant to leaf-stem pathogens common in the Rostov region. About 250 samples are being estimated in the period from 2019 to 2021. Over the years of study, there have been identified such varieties and lines resistant to powdery mildew as ‘Bezosty 1954’ (RF), ‘Grand’ (RF), ‘Parallelum 1967’, etc. Resistance to heliminthosporium spotting was demonstrated by the varieties ‘Bezosty 1954’ (RF), ‘Grand’ (RF), ‘Rostovsky 908’ (RF), ‘Donskoy 11’ (RF) and the lines ‘Parallelum 1967’, ‘Parallelum 1974’, ‘Pallidum 1916’, ‘Pallidum 1970’, ‘Parallelum 1960’, ‘Parallelum 1911’, ‘Nutans 1895’ and others. There were also identified such varieties with resistance or tolerance to both pathogens as ‘Grand’ (RF), ‘Sekret’ (RF), ‘Fox 1’ (RF), ‘Marusya’ (RF), ‘Karisma’ (England) and the lines ‘Bezosty 1954’, ‘Parallelum 1967’, ‘Parallelum 1974’, ‘Parallelum 2015’, ‘Parallelum 2016’, ‘Parallelum 2017’. All presented varieties and lines are proposed for use in further breeding for immunity to the studied pathogens.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45775155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of herbicide treatment for productivity of the maize hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 354 MV’","authors":"S. Vasilchenko, G. Metlina","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-64-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-64-69","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper has presented the study results of the application of herbicides ‘Meister Power MD’; ‘Remus VDG’; ‘Dianat, VR’; ‘Sekator Turbo, MD’ as elements of maize cultivation technology in the southern part of the Rostov region. Field trials were carried out in 2019–2021. The object of the study was the maize hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 354MV’, (included in the State List of Breeding Achievements in the 6th (North Caucasian) region in 2010). The purpose of the study was an economic and agronomic estimation of the application of herbicides ‘Meister Power MD’; ‘Remus VDG’; ‘Dianat, VR’; ‘Sekator Turbo, MD’ in the southern part of the Rostov region when cultivating maize for grain. The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary calcareous heavy loamy blackearth (chernozem) on loess-like loams. The content of humus in the arable layer was 3.36 %, pH was 7.0, P2O5 was 24.4; K2O was 360 mg/kg of soil. The hydrothermal coefficient during a vegetation period of maize was 0.62 in 2019; 0.70 in 2020; 0.86 in 2021. Thus, during the study years, the humidification conditions were very arid. As a result of the conducted study, it was revealed that the application of herbicides ‘Meister Power MD’; ‘Remus VDG’; ‘Dianat, VR’; ‘Sekator Turbo, MD’ had a positive effect on the phytosanitary conditions of maize sowing. The weediness reduced on 95.3–97.1 %. The grain productivity increase due to the application of herbicides was significant and amounted to 0.28– 0.53 t/ha or 17.4–24.2 % compared with that of the control. The cost of the herbicide ‘Meister Power, MD’ (5670 rubles per hectare norm) did not contribute to its high payback. The maximum payback was identified in the variant with the complex application of herbicides ‘Remus, VDG’ + ‘Dianat, BP’ and amounted to 5.50 rubles/rub. The application of herbicides ‘Remus, VDG’ and ‘Sekator Turbo, MD’ was also cost-effective with a payback of 5.36 and 5.45 rubles/rub., respectively.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42750524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of correlation between a spring wheat variety with soil tillage technologies and doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the interannual yield stability","authors":"А. А. Konitshev, I. I. Garifullin","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-70-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-70-76","url":null,"abstract":"There was studied the possibility of reducing the effect of weather conditions on spring wheat productivity in the Non-Blackearth zone due to improving tillage technologies. There has been established that on soddy-podzolic light loamy soil, on the fields of the Ivanovsky Research Institute of Agriculture in the period 2013–2019, the difference in the number of productive stems per m2 when using plowing or minimal tillage was not significant when the HTC changed from 0.73 to 2.65, except the year of 2017 (HTC = 2.19), when there was increased soil moisture throughout the vegetation period. The advantage of minimal tillage under these conditions was 30 %. According to number of kernels per ear, there was identified a significant advantage (more than 20 % (HTC = 2.65; 0.99)) of plowing over minimum tillage (by 13–14 %) during the years with soil moisture in the wheat booting stage. When applying experimental tillage, there have been formed areas with a variable density in the lower part of the arable layer, each of which is favorable for plant development under a certain soil moisture. The transition to experimental tillage has increased number of productive stems on 1–6 %. Number of kernels per ear when using experimental tillage significantly exceeded this indicator (by 5–18 %) under a minimum tillage in the entire range of moisture. Compared to plowing, the advantage of experimental tillage according to number of kernels per ear was 0–27 %. The effect of weather conditions on a number of productive stems was 74.8 %, and number of kernels per ear was 32.4 %. The effect of mineral fertilizers on these parameters of the yield structure was 1.8 and 26.2 %, respectively.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47145966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the collection winter barley samples in the Rostov region","authors":"E. Doroshenko, E. Filippov","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-34-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-34-39","url":null,"abstract":"The main task for the near future is to identify the best samples from the collection to develop the winter barley varieties that meet the modern requirements of domestic agricultural producers. The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of the yield structural elements and other traits on the productivity of collection winter barley varieties and to identify the most adapted for use in the breeding process. The current paper has presented the study results of collection winter barley samples. The study was carried out in the department of barley breeding and seed production of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy» (2018–2021). Based on the study results of this material, there were identified new sources for use in breeding programs to increase the values of individual traits:– low stem: ‘Perkins’ (USA), ‘Novosadski 331’ (Yugoslavia);– resistance to lodging: ‘Hobbit’ (Switzerland), ‘Merchant’ (Bulgaria), ‘Akademichesky’ (Ukraine), ‘Gust’ (Belarus), ‘18513 EN11’ (France), ‘Explorer 2’, ‘Explorer 3’, ‘Explorer 4’, ‘Explorer 6’, ‘Explorer 8’, ‘Wintwalt’, ‘Tiffani’ (Germany), ‘Perkins’ (USA), ‘Novosadski 331’ (Yugoslavia), ‘Posaune’, ‘Sombrero’, ‘Karisma’ (England), ‘Duet’ (Germany);– number of productive stems per area unit: ‘Explorer 8’, ‘Explorer 4/2’, ‘Wintwalt’ (Germany), ‘Baraka’ (France), ‘Posaune’ (England);– grain content per head: ‘Artel’ (Russia), ‘Caprice’, ‘Azurel’, ‘Rurdue’ (France), ‘HWV1427’ (Germany);– 1000-grain weight: ‘Randevu’, ‘Premier’ (Russia), ‘Nectaria’, ‘Vanessa’ (France), ‘Explorer 3’ (Germany);– grain weight per head: ‘Randevu’, ‘Pallidum 1916’ (Russia), ‘Oribi’, ‘Bezosty’ (France), ‘Explorer 2’, ‘KWS-Scala’ (Germany), ‘Hobbit’ (Switzerland);– fast-maturity: ‘Parallelum 1963’, ‘Sekret,’ ‘Bezosty 1953’, ‘Bezosty 1954’ (Russia), ‘Fermer’ (Ukraine);– high productivity: ‘Rostovsky 55’, ‘Grand’, ‘Artel’ (Russia), ‘KWS-Hiskory’, ‘Explorer 8’ (Germany), ‘Esterel’ (France).According to the complex of economically valuable traits (4 or more traits), there were identified 15 varieties: ‘Randevu’, ‘Parallelum 1960’ (Russia), ‘KWS-Scala’, ‘KWS-2-117’, ‘KWS-2-234’, ‘Explorer 4’, ‘Explorer 3/2’ (Germany), ‘Baraka’, ‘Rebelle’, ‘6577 CH’, ‘18513 EH11’ (France), ‘Cello’, ‘Fenesse’ (USA), ‘Novosadski 321’ (Yugoslavia), ‘Posaune’ (England).","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45852820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological testing results of the winter bread wheat varieties and lines developed in the FSBSI «ARC «Donskoy» in the Kursk region","authors":"A. Y. Aidiev, D. Marchenko, М. Ivanisov, А. А. Emeliyanova, E. Logvinova","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-54-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-54-58","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper has presented the ecological testing results of the winter bread wheat varieties and lines developed in the FSBSI «ARC «Donskoy» in the soil and climatic conditions of the Kursk region. The purpose of the current study was to identify promising varieties and breeding lines of winter bread wheat adapted to the conditions of the Central Blackearth region of the Russian Federation. The objects of the study at the initial stage (2018–2020) were such winter wheat varieties included in the State List of Breeding Achievements as ‘Volny Don’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Donskaya Step’, ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Etyud’, ‘Zhavoronok’, ‘Yermak’, and in the following years (2020–2021) there were studied from 15 to 40 lines developed on the basis of hybridization in the «ARC «Donskoy». As a result of ecological testing, there has been identified a number of varieties and lines that are most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Kursk region. A new joint variety of winter bread wheat ‘Vertikal’ has been sent to the State Variety Testing. Productivity of the variety ‘Vertikal’ in the Kursk FANC varied from 50.1 to 71.9 hwt/ha; in SamRC RAS it was from 32.4 to 71.6 hwt/ha; in the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Crimea it was from 38.7 to 49.5 hwt/ha. Productivity of the standard varieties ‘Moskovskaya 39’, ‘Skipetr’ and ‘Ermak’ was 47.8–52.0 hwt/ha, 25.3–63.9 hwt/ha, 37.0–42.2 hwt/ha, respectively. Ecological testing was carried out in the breeding crop rotation of the Kursk Federal Agricultural Research Center (FSBSI Kursk FANC). The soil cover of the experimental plot was represented by typical heavy loamy blackearth (chernozem). The forecrop was black fallow. Sowing was carried out in an ordinary way with a row spacing of 15 cm, with a seeder SKS-6-10. The plots were with an accounting area of 10 m2 in six repetitions, the seeding rate was 500 germinating grains per 1 m2, the standard variety ‘Moskovskaya 39’ was sown every 10 numbers. Lodging and winter hardiness and structural analysis of plants was estimated according to the methods of the State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. Over the years of study, there have been identified the winter bread wheat lines with economically valuable traits that exceeded the standard one and could be used in further breeding work. Breeding varieties on a cooperative basis makes it possible to expand the area of distribution of research by breeding centers to develop new varieties in other ecological and geographical conditions.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44933832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of leaf rust resistance genes (Lr) in the breeding lines of winter bread wheat","authors":"О. S. Zhogaleva, N. Vozhzhova, O. V. Shumskaya, A. Dubina, М. Ivanisov","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-23-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-23-28","url":null,"abstract":"In the Rostov region, among cereal crops, winter wheat occupies a leading position in terms of the sown area. Breeders have developed wheat varieties, a productivity potential of which is 1.5–2 times higher than their actual yield in production. One of the most important factors that can destabilize gross grain harvests and reduce productivity are parasitic organisms, the most dangerous of which are rust pathogens (Puccinia triticina, P.striiformis, P.graminis). Brown rust (pathogen Puccinia triticina Erikss.) is one of the dangerous wheat diseases. The genetic diversity of cultivated varieties according to resistance types and genes that control it, provides reliable wheat protection against this pathogen. The purpose of the current study was to identify leaf rust resistance genes (Lr-genes) using marker selection for the winter bread wheat lines. The study was carried out in 2020–2021. The objects of research were 311 winter bread wheat lines of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy». In the study of winter bread wheat lines, there were used such methods as DNA isolation using CTAB, PCR, and electrophoresis on agarose gels. Using molecular markers, there have been identified 24 samples with a functional allele of the Lr10 gene (1672, 518/21 (1), 595/21 (1) 595 (4), 625/21, 626/21, etc.), 49 samples with the dominant allele Lr26 (1105, 502/21, 526/21 (1), 526/21 (2), 529/21 (12), 557/21, etc.), 13 lines with the resistance allele of the Lr37 gene (1105, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1615, etc.). There was also found that the Lr17a gene was not detected in the studied lines.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42950600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characteristics of the winter rye variety ‘Talovskaya 45’","authors":"V. Chaikin, А. А. Torop, E. А. Torop","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-29-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-29-33","url":null,"abstract":"There has been shown a main direction of winter rye breeding in the institution. There have been described the main stages of this process. There has been reported that the reduction in the length of the stem at the first stage due to the use of sources of short stems made it possible to increase the productivity level of the developed varieties on 17.2 %, and lodging resistance on 32.0 %. In order to compensate for the significant reduction of the assimilation surface area due to a stem length decrease as a main assimilating organ in rye, and to increase the role of leaves in this process, there have been developed the varieties with high resistance to a group of diseases, including leaf ones. In order to increase productivity and its stability, there were subsequently developed and used the large-leafy forms with an erectoid orientation. As a result, a productivity potential of the varieties reached 9 or more tons per hectare. The late-term variety ‘Talovskaya 45’ developed as a result of long-term and purposeful breeding, has been characterized as highly productive, winter tolerant, resistant to lodging and drought. The variety has been recommended for cultivation in three regions, namely Central Blackearth, Central and Middle Volga. The productivity on variety testing plots in these regions during the years of trials averaged 5.25 t/ha, 4.50 t/ha and 4.52 t/ha, respectively, and the maximum yield was 8.92 t/ha. The excess of the new variety over the standard varieties reached 0.5 or more tons per hectare. There has been given a morpho-biological characteristics of the new variety. The purpose of the current study was to show the efficiency of further improvement of the plant architectonics in improving winter rye productivity, to tell the history of development and provide a description of the new variety.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43970057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Splitting analysis of the second-generation rice hybrid ‘Bakhus x Kontakt’","authors":"P. Kostylev, E. Krasnova","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-47-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-83-6-47-53","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper has presented the study results of the second-generation hybrid population of ‘Bakhus x Kontakt’ combination. The variety ‘Bakhus’ is large-kernelled, vigorously growing, tall, unresistant to lodging, the variety ‘Kontakt is short, resistant to lodging, medium-kernelled. The purpose of the study was to analyze the inheritance of a number of quantitative traits in the F2 rice hybrid ‘Bakhus x Kontakt’ and select the best plants for the further breeding process. In the process of hybridological analysis, there have been established the patterns of inheritance of the main quantitative traits affecting productivity, there have been identified the best undersized forms, in which there were formed compact erect panicles and large kernels, and there has been selected the source material for breeding work. The study was carried out on the plots of OP «Proletarskoe» in the Rostov region in 2019–2021. The crossing was carried out in 2019, F1 was reproduced in 2020, F2 rice plants were grown in 2021. There has been found that according to ‘plant height’ there was a partial dominance of lower trait values and allelic differences in parental varieties for one pair of genes. There was no dominance according to ‘panicle length’; there were found digenic differences in the initial varieties. According to the trait ‘number of spikelets in a panicle’, there was a dominance of large values and positive transgression. According to spikelet length in F2 hybrids, there was a wide variation of the trait within the variability of parental varieties from 6.8 to 11.0 mm. there was no dominance. There was noted a digenic splitting in a ratio of 1:4:6:4:1. According to 1000-kernel weight, there has been identified a monohybrid splitting of 3:1. There were selected the best morphotype F2 forms, which differed in optimal plant height, long panicles, their increased kernel percentage and 1000-kernel weight.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69569491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}