春小麦品种与土壤耕作技术和氮肥用量的相关性对其年际产量稳定性的影响

А. А. Konitshev, I. I. Garifullin
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引用次数: 1

摘要

研究了通过改进耕作技术来减少非黑土区天气条件对春小麦生产力影响的可能性。已经证实,在2013-2019年期间,伊万诺夫斯基农业研究所的田地里,在潮湿的灰化轻壤土上,当HTC从0.73变为2.65时,使用犁耕或少耕时,每平方米生产茎数的差异并不显著,2017年除外(HTC=2.19),当整个植被期土壤湿度增加时。在这些条件下,少耕的优势是30%。根据每穗粒数,在小麦孕穗期土壤水分充足的年份,翻耕比少耕(13–14%)有显著优势(超过20%(HTC=2.65;0.99))。在进行试验性耕作时,在耕作层的下部形成了密度可变的区域,在一定的土壤湿度下,每个区域都有利于植物的发育。向试验性耕作的过渡使生产性茎的数量增加了1-6%。在整个湿度范围内,使用试验性耕作时,每穗的谷粒数显著超过了这一指标(5-18%)。与翻耕相比,根据穗粒数进行试验性耕作的优势为0–27%。天气条件对产量的影响为74.8%,穗粒数为32.4%。矿物肥料对产量结构参数的影响分别为1.8%和26.2%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The effect of correlation between a spring wheat variety with soil tillage technologies and doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the interannual yield stability
There was studied the possibility of reducing the effect of weather conditions on spring wheat productivity in the Non-Blackearth zone due to improving tillage technologies. There has been established that on soddy-podzolic light loamy soil, on the fields of the Ivanovsky Research Institute of Agriculture in the period 2013–2019, the difference in the number of productive stems per m2 when using plowing or minimal tillage was not significant when the HTC changed from 0.73 to 2.65, except the year of 2017 (HTC = 2.19), when there was increased soil moisture throughout the vegetation period. The advantage of minimal tillage under these conditions was 30 %. According to number of kernels per ear, there was identified a significant advantage (more than 20 % (HTC = 2.65; 0.99)) of plowing over minimum tillage (by 13–14 %) during the years with soil moisture in the wheat booting stage. When applying experimental tillage, there have been formed areas with a variable density in the lower part of the arable layer, each of which is favorable for plant development under a certain soil moisture. The transition to experimental tillage has increased number of productive stems on 1–6 %. Number of kernels per ear when using experimental tillage significantly exceeded this indicator (by 5–18 %) under a minimum tillage in the entire range of moisture. Compared to plowing, the advantage of experimental tillage according to number of kernels per ear was 0–27 %. The effect of weather conditions on a number of productive stems was 74.8 %, and number of kernels per ear was 32.4 %. The effect of mineral fertilizers on these parameters of the yield structure was 1.8 and 26.2 %, respectively.
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