冬黑麦品种“塔洛夫斯卡亚45”的发育与性状

V. Chaikin, А. А. Torop, E. А. Torop
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在此基础上提出了冬麦育种的主要方向。已经描述了这一过程的主要阶段。有报道称,利用短茎源减少第一阶段的茎长,可使发育品种的生产力水平提高17.2%,抗倒伏能力提高32.0%。为了弥补黑麦主要同化器官茎长减少所造成的同化表面积的显著减少,增强叶片在同化过程中的作用,人们培育出了抗包括叶片在内的一系列病害的高抗性品种。为了提高产量和稳定性,随后又发展和使用了直立取向的大叶形态。因此,这些品种的生产力潜力达到每公顷9吨或更多。“Talovskaya 45”是经过长期和有目的的育种而开发的后期品种,具有高产、耐冬、抗倒伏和抗旱的特点。该品种已被推荐在三个地区种植,即中部黑土、中部和中伏尔加。试验区品种试验田产量平均分别为5.25 t/ha、4.50 t/ha和4.52 t/ha,最高产量为8.92 t/ha。新品种每公顷超过标准品种0.5吨以上。并给出了该新品种的形态生物学特征。本研究的目的是为了说明进一步改良植株结构在提高冬黑麦产量方面的效率,讲述冬黑麦新品种的发展历史,并提供新品种的描述。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Development and characteristics of the winter rye variety ‘Talovskaya 45’
There has been shown a main direction of winter rye breeding in the institution. There have been described the main stages of this process. There has been reported that the reduction in the length of the stem at the first stage due to the use of sources of short stems made it possible to increase the productivity level of the developed varieties on 17.2 %, and lodging resistance on 32.0 %. In order to compensate for the significant reduction of the assimilation surface area due to a stem length decrease as a main assimilating organ in rye, and to increase the role of leaves in this process, there have been developed the varieties with high resistance to a group of diseases, including leaf ones. In order to increase productivity and its stability, there were subsequently developed and used the large-leafy forms with an erectoid orientation. As a result, a productivity potential of the varieties reached 9 or more tons per hectare. The late-term variety ‘Talovskaya 45’ developed as a result of long-term and purposeful breeding, has been characterized as highly productive, winter tolerant, resistant to lodging and drought. The variety has been recommended for cultivation in three regions, namely Central Blackearth, Central and Middle Volga. The productivity on variety testing plots in these regions during the years of trials averaged 5.25 t/ha, 4.50 t/ha and 4.52 t/ha, respectively, and the maximum yield was 8.92 t/ha. The excess of the new variety over the standard varieties reached 0.5 or more tons per hectare. There has been given a morpho-biological characteristics of the new variety. The purpose of the current study was to show the efficiency of further improvement of the plant architectonics in improving winter rye productivity, to tell the history of development and provide a description of the new variety.
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