Intermetallics最新文献

{"title":"Eutectic growth mechanism and microstructure of rapidly solidified Co23.2Fe13.7Ni24.6Cr10.9Sn27.6 high-entropy alloy: Effects of solute drag","authors":"Yulong Liu ,&nbsp;Yeqing Wang ,&nbsp;Ke Fu ,&nbsp;Xin Jiao ,&nbsp;Liji Su ,&nbsp;Ye Tian ,&nbsp;Meng Liu ,&nbsp;Quan Xu ,&nbsp;Yuan Tong ,&nbsp;Lei Xu ,&nbsp;Changyun Li ,&nbsp;Zheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid solidification experiments on Co_23.2Fe_13.7Ni_24.6Cr_10.9Sn_27.6 eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) were conducted by molten glass purification method and cyclic overheating techniques. Two solidification paths were identified. In the as-cast and low undercooling samples, the eutectic microstructure consisted of an FCC solid solution phase, M₃Sn₂ (M = Co, Ni) compounds with an HCP structure and BCC precipitates. The BCC precipitates disappeared at high undercoolings. A remarkably slow growth kinetics hindered by solute drag was discovered. The maximum growth velocity of the anomalous eutectic was 0.5797 m s⁻¹. Microstructural and quantitative elemental analyses indicate that the transition in eutectic growth mechanism is induced by the solute supersaturation with increasing undercooling. An orientation relationship (OR) of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover><mn>01</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover><mo>&gt;</mo></mrow><mtext>hcp</mtext></msub><mspace></mspace><mo>‖</mo><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>&gt;</mo></mrow><mtext>bcc</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mo>{</mo><mn>21</mn></mrow><mover><mn>3</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>}</mo></mrow></mrow><mtext>hcp</mtext></msub><mspace></mspace><mo>‖</mo><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mo>{</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>}</mo></mrow><mtext>bcc</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> was determined between M₃Sn₂ (M = Co, Ni) compounds and BCC precipitates by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Solute drag hinders the formation of the OR at the eutectic two phases, which is promoted by rapid solidification. Microhardness and uniaxial compression tests revealed that the increase in strength at low undercoolings was due to lamellar refinement. The anomalous eutectic structure exhibited low-stress brittle fracture, likely resulting from growth mechanism transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 108983"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “On the calculation of the density of multi-component solid solutions” [Intermetallics 185 (2025) 108924]","authors":"Juan M. Montes,&nbsp;Fátima Ternero","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108982","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108982"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homogeneity of nano-sized Ni4Ti3 induced by dislocation distribution control to improve superelasticity in Ti-50.8 at.% Ni alloy","authors":"Yongqiang Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Xu ,&nbsp;Chao Wu ,&nbsp;Xudong Yan ,&nbsp;Yachong Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Wu ,&nbsp;Lai Wei ,&nbsp;Zhihui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The homogeneous distribution of nano-sized Ni₄Ti₃ precipitates plays an important role in improving the superelasticity of NiTi alloys. In this study, electropulsing treatment (EPT) was utilized to control the dislocation distribution in Ti-50.8 at.% Ni alloy. A dislocation configuration with dislocation networks within the uniformly distributed subgrain boundaries was produced after 180 ms EPT. Homogeneously distributed nano-sized Ni₄Ti₃ precipitates were obtained after low-temperature aging (250 °C for 8 h). It was found that the dislocation configuration induced by 180 ms EPT could increase the nucleation site and promote the uniform precipitation of Ni₄Ti₃. Thus the high superelastic stability was achieved. After aging at 250 °C for 8 h, the residual strain of the EPT180+aging sample was 0.55 % after 20 loading-unloading cycles, obviously lower than that of the as-received (2.15 %, 20 cycles) and heat treatment + aging samples (2.21 %, 20 cycles).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108972"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Percolation threshold of TCP clusters governs relaxation dynamics in Cu-Zr metallic glass-forming liquids","authors":"Xiefu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zean Tian ,&nbsp;Yuanwei Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The origin of the abrupt dynamic slowdown observed during the concealed liquid-solid transition at temperature <em>T</em>_<em>ls</em> in rapidly cooled Cu-Zr metallic liquids remains poorly understood. Here, we resolve this longstanding puzzle by combining molecular dynamics simulations with the largest standard cluster analysis (LaSCA) to establish a direct causal link between topological cluster percolation and relaxation dynamics. Our findings reveal that topologically close-packed (TCP) clusters with an average size (<em>S</em>_TCP) exceeding a critical threshold (&gt;3) trigger a dynamic arrest below <em>T</em>_<em>ls</em>. This arrest arises from cooperative atomic motions driven by the spatial percolation of TCP clusters, which dominate the structural evolution. The identified <em>S</em>_TCP threshold (3.0–4.0 across compositions) serves as a universal signature of rigidity onset in metallic glass-forming liquids. By bridging atomic-scale topological connectivity with macroscopic dynamics, this work provides a predictive framework for tailoring relaxation behavior in non-equilibrium alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108978"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of electron beam welded AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy/304 stainless steel joints","authors":"Likuo Zhu ,&nbsp;Guoqing Chen ,&nbsp;Xinyan Teng ,&nbsp;Zhanhua Gan ,&nbsp;Junhong Zhao ,&nbsp;Chen Yang ,&nbsp;Xuesong Leng","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The AlCoCrFeNi_2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy has emerged as a promising candidate for advanced structural applications due to its exceptional strength and thermal stability. In contrast, 304 stainless steel is widely employed in industrial settings owing to its low cost, excellent corrosion resistance, and superior processability. In this study, dissimilar welding of AlCoCrFeNi_2.1 and 304 stainless steel was successfully performed using electron beam welding, and the influence of various welding parameters on joint microstructure and mechanical properties was systematically investigated. Microstructural analysis revealed that under moderate heat input conditions, second-phase particles precipitated within the weld, with Cr-rich nanoparticles embedded inside them, ultimately forming a dual-phase structure comprising FCC and B2 phases. In contrast, at high or low heat inputs, the weld region primarily exhibited a single-phase disordered FCC solid solution, with no second-phase formation. Mechanical testing showed that the joint produced under low heat input achieved a maximum tensile strength of 687 MPa, corresponding to 91 % of the 304SS base metal, along with a post-fracture elongation of 21.5 %. The enhanced strength is primarily attributed to grain refinement, Al-induced crystalline defects, and the triaxial stress constraint effect arising from the narrow nail-shaped weld geometry. These findings provide critical insights for the design of high-quality weld joints between AlCoCrFeNi_2.1and Fe-based structural materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108971"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of intermetallic catalysts using surface segregation of third elements demonstrated by adding Cu to CoGa for selective hydrogenation of propyne","authors":"Sena Matsushita ,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Iwase ,&nbsp;Takayuki Kojima","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intermetallic compounds can be novel catalysts due to unique atomic-ordered arrangements and electronic structures. However, their elemental set, composition, and crystal structure cannot be freely selected, which limits the tunability of catalytic properties. In this study, we demonstrated an improvement in catalytic properties by adding a third element to intermetallic catalysts using selective hydrogenation of propyne by CoGa with Cu addition as a model reaction and catalyst. The selectivity was drastically improved by 5 %Cu addition. The surface segregation of Cu was revealed and considered to result in an ensemble effect for the selectivity improvement. The addition of NiGa to Cu does not result in segregation. Since Cu-Ni is miscible, but Cu-Co is immiscible, the third element should likely be immiscible with one component of intermetallic catalysts to utilize a segregation effect for improving catalytic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108969"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of laser scanning strategies on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti2AlNb intermetallic alloy","authors":"Jianmei Kang ,&nbsp;Bingbing Sun ,&nbsp;Ma Qian ,&nbsp;Jinfu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of laser scanning strategies on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the low-ductility Ti₂AlNb intermetallic alloy fabricated via laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M). Three bidirectional linear scanning strategies—67° rotation (0-R67), 90° rotation (0-R90), and 45° inclined followed by 90° rotation (45-R90) between adjacent layers—were employed, with all other PBF-LB/M parameters held constant. High-quality alloy samples with &lt;0.01 % porosity, free of visible lack-of-fusion defects and cracks, were successfully fabricated. The as-printed microstructures predominantly consisted of a single B2/β phase, with grain size influenced by the scanning strategy, although texture remained largely unchanged. The 45-R90 sample demonstrated the highest yield strength (980 MPa) and best elongation (13.1 %), attributed to reduced residual stress and a higher, concentrated Schmidt Factor (SF). After heat treatment (HT: solution treatment, water quenching, and ageing), all samples retained the B2/β grain morphology, with α₂ phases forming along grain boundaries and O phases distributed within the grains. The HT 0-R67 sample exhibited the best strength-ductility combination (1066 MPa, 5.47 %), attributed to randomly oriented B2/β-grain boundaries, thin α₂ precipitates, and the lowest average SF of the O phase precipitates. These findings highlight the critical role of laser scanning strategies in tailoring microstructure and optimizing the performance of Ti₂AlNb alloys in both as-printed and heat-treated conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108973"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic tensile behavior and deformation mechanism of carbon interstitial Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 high entropy alloy","authors":"Liangbin Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Ke Tang ,&nbsp;Yuhang Shi ,&nbsp;Yaohui Li ,&nbsp;Yaoju Li ,&nbsp;Ran Wei ,&nbsp;Yanpu Chao ,&nbsp;Feng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon interstitial solid solution strengthening is an effective strategy to simultaneously enhance the strength and ductility of face-centered cubic high entropy alloys (HEAs). However, majority of studies have confined to quasi-static condition. In this study, the dynamic and quasi-static tensile mechanical behaviors of Fe₄₀Mn₄₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀ and (Fe₄₀Mn₄₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀)_96.7C_3.3 HEAs were investigated at room temperature. The results show that high strain rate can significantly improve the strength of both Fe₄₀Mn₄₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀ and (Fe₄₀Mn₄₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀)_96.7C_3.3 HEAs. The yield strength of Fe₄₀Mn₄₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀ and (Fe₄₀Mn₄₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀)_96.7C_3.3 increases from 245 MPa and 437 MPa at strain rate of 1 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ to 530 MPa and 815 MPa at strain rate of 8 × 10³ s⁻¹. Moreover, the ultimate tensile strength of Fe₄₀Mn₄₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀ and (Fe₄₀Mn₄₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀)_96.7C_3.3 reaches to 1073 MPa and 1413 MPa at strain rate of 8 × 10³ s⁻¹, respectively. Whereas, the ductility of both HEAs declines remarkedly, with uniform elongation decreasing from 46.2 % and 67.4 % at strain rate of 1 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ to 7.9 % and 25.2 % at strain rate of 8 × 10³ s⁻¹. The thermally activated dislocation motion and the phonon drag effects jointly contribute to the striking increment of yield strength with increasing strain rate. The temperature rise during dynamic deformation gives rise to stacking fault energy increasing, which inhibits the deformation twinning, resulting in the reduction of strain hardening rate and thus the reduced ductility. In particular, with the assistance of C solid solution, (Fe₄₀Mn₄₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀)_96.7C_3.3 exhibits enhanced twinning formation capability and superior resistance to shear bands formation than Fe₄₀Mn₄₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀, which enables a better combination of strength and ductility upon dynamic loads. These findings provide deep insights into dynamic deformation behavior of carbon interstitial face-centered cubic HEAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144911868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomechanical properties of AlTiZrNbTaV(C) high-entropy metallic glass films prepared by HiPIMS energetic ion beam","authors":"Xueyan Wu ,&nbsp;Pengyun Xu ,&nbsp;Shuai Wu ,&nbsp;Yangbin Liu ,&nbsp;Weiqing Yan ,&nbsp;Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Jiakun Wu ,&nbsp;Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineering high-entropy metallic glasses (HE-MGs) often faces a trade-off between hardness and creep resistance, which limits structural deployment. This work demonstrates how interstitial carbon doping can decouple these properties in an AlTiZrNbTaV system. While carbon doping increased the hardness of AlTiZrNbTaVC by 101.60 % to 20.32 GPa, it paradoxically degraded creep resistance. As the strain rate sensitivity (<em>m</em>) of AlTiZrNbTaVC increased more than threefold, from 0.0401 for AlTiZrNbTaV to 0.1501 for AlTiZrNbTaVC. Relaxation time spectrum analysis reveals this degradation stems from lower activation energy barriers for shear transformation zones (STZs). These results establish that the activation energy of STZs, rather than free volume, is the dominant factor controlling room temperature creep in this system. This provides a clear strategy for tailoring HE-MGs by tuning their atomic-scale heterogeneity to achieve a targeted balance between hardness and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108967"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective grey wolf optimization of selective laser melting process parameters for the fabrication of Al0.2CuFeMnNi high entropy alloy and evaluation of mechanical, tribological and corrosion behaviour","authors":"Hareharen K,&nbsp;Panneerselvam T","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Al_0.2CuFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) has emerged as a promising material for structural and functional applications; however, its performance is strongly influenced by processing conditions during selective laser melting (SLM). This study focuses on enhancing the performance and surface quality, such as relative density (RD), Vickers Micro-hardness (VMH), and surface roughness (SR_a), by optimizing SLM parameters, laser power (P_l), scanning speed (V_s), and hatch spacing (H_s). A hybrid framework integrating random forest regression (RF-Reg) and multi-objective grey wolf optimization (MO-GWO) was developed to predict and optimize the process parameters. MO-GWO optimization produced RD of 98.63 %, VMH of 236.60 HV, and SR_a of 23.42 μm with P_l of 197.93 W, V_s of 753.40 mm/s, and H_s of 0.05 mm. The reliability of the optimization was confirmed by experimental validation. For RD, VMH, and SR_a, the error percentages among the outcomes from the experiment and the MO-GWO optimization model are 0.23 %, 1.75 %, and 6.30 %, respectively. Tensile testing revealed excellent mechanical performance with the yield strength of 525 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 649 MPa. Dry sliding wear analysis showed an increasing wear rate from 3.6464 x 10⁻⁴ at 20 N to 8.0439 x 10⁻⁴ at 40 N with decreasing coefficient of friction. Electrochemical analysis shows excellent corrosion resistance with corrosion potential, current density and polarization resistance of −430.784 mV, 12.911 μA/cm², and 3947.6 Ω cm² respectively. These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach in enhancing the quality and performance of SLM-fabricated Al_0.2CuFeMnNi HEA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108968"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}