Geographic Information Sciences最新文献

{"title":"GIS for Road Accident Analysis in Hong Kong","authors":"P. Lai, W. Chan","doi":"10.1080/10824000409480655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000409480655","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Road accident analysis is not new. It has come to attention as traffic fatalities had an explosive increase in the 50's and 60's, especially in the industrialized world and during the intense period of economic growth. This paper examines the potential use of the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology in facilitating road accident analysis in Hong Kong. Various point-pattern techniques are illustrated. While GIS can extend the visualization and analytical capabilities, its implementation in Hong Kong would hinge upon more comprehensive planning in data acquisition and integration. A master digital database on road systems of Hong Kong with a standardized structure and coherent naming conventions in both Chinese and English is fundamental to further GIS development in the area of road accident analysis.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115723061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iterative Model Development for Natural Resource Managers: A Case Example in Utah's Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument","authors":"Nathaniel Alley, T. Stohlgren, P. Evangelista, D. Guenther","doi":"10.1080/10824000409480649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000409480649","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Non-native plant species, which threaten native plant diversity, are a major concern to managers of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in Utah. Predictive spatial maps with Inverse Distance Weighting provided an effective way to identify “hot spots” of occurrence for three cover types of interest: native species richness, cryptobiotic soil crust cover (lichen, moss, algae, and bacteria), and cover of non-native cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). Maps based on regression tree analysis showed that B. tectorum was found throughout the Monument with cover usually <0.1%, but has heavily invaded mesic sites and areas of disturbance, (cover ranging from 3.4 to 17.8 %). The analysis also showed that B. tectorum cover could be predicted by positive correlations with percent soil nitrogen and phosphorous (ppm). We also found a significant inverse relationship between high native plant species cover and cryptobiotic soil crust cover. These methods provide managers with an effective way to concentrate mitigation and conservation programs.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130531948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D City Models Based Spatial Analysis to Urban Design","authors":"Xia Zhang, Qing Zhu, Jingwen Wang","doi":"10.1080/10824000409480658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000409480658","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urban design is a subject that is concerned with the shape, the surface and its physical arrangement of all kinds of urban elements. Although urban design is a practice process and needs much detailed and multi-dimensional description, the urban designers could only analyse urban space with script and imagination in the past, and only the urban design guideline and some drawing picture were carried out in the traditional design schema. How to improve the quality of urban space effectively and how to express the design schema perfectly are the problems troubling the urban designers for a long time. The 3D city models based spatial analysis gives the possibility of solving these problems. Compared with the traditional applications of 2D GIS in urban planning, the 3D city models based spatial analysis would be more meaningful for the urban designers. The computable analysis models could be constructed under the urban design guideline. Through the integration of analytical models and realistic visualization models, the 3D spatial analysis that is impossible to the 2D GIS can be carried out. Instead of being described with some adjective words, the designing schema and rules can be presented and analyzed in 3D virtual environment. The change of the urban fabric and the building density could be analyzed through the structure analysis. The noise environment, sunshine condition, heat environment, ventilation condition, and pollution condition could be analyzed through the physical quality analysis. The control of the height, the color and the style of the buildings, and the evaluations of the surrounding environment of the squares and the streets are also available based on the visual impact analysis. The analysis of the distribution of different function parts and its proper place are possible through function analysis of urban space. Based on the 3D city models, urban designers can express the design concept clearly. With the analysis functions, it is also possible to control and improve the quality of urban space effectually. There would be a great progress when we design the urban space with an operational 3D analytical system, like Cyber City GIS.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133058284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crime Mapping in India: A GIS Implementation in Chennai City Policing","authors":"K. Jaishankar, S. Shanmugapriya, V. Balamurugan","doi":"10.1080/10824000409480651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000409480651","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In India, though the Police agencies of Bangalore, Hyderabad, Goa, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Trivandrum use customized GIS, its application is still in a rudimentary stage. There is a felt need for the fullest application of this potent technology in Indian policing. Hence, researchers in the University of Madras collaborated with the Chennai Police department and developed this study. This research work was submitted to the Police Commissioner, Chennai city and was implemented. The findings of this study showed that, using GIS is a much more compatible means of crime pattern analysis than current processes because of its geographic referencing capabilities. This research has provided valuable information concerning property crimes in Chennai city, including data on the social and physical characteristics of these areas that contribute to localized criminal activity.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116064477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Wildfire Mapping with NOAA/AVHRR Data by Land Cover Types and Eco-Regions in California","authors":"N. Clinton, P. Gong, R. Pu","doi":"10.1080/10824000409480650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000409480650","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to determine the efficacy of archived remotely sensed data to create historic fire maps, this study compares a remote sensing based wildland fire map with an historical fire database for California, USA. Fires occurring in two years (1996 and 1999) were mapped using data obtained from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor. A vector database of fire perimeters, compiled and maintained by the State of California was obtained as a source of comparison for the AVHRR based fire map. The two datasets were overlaid and spatially compared in seven land cover types and ten ecoregions. The sources of disagreement and overlap between the datasets were quantified in order to elucidate trends in fire detection algorithm performance over the land cover types and ecoregions. Various methods of vector based comparison were examined in order to more effectively describe the spatial relationships between the two fire maps. The results show that algorithm performance varies over both ecosystem type and geographic region of California. The remote sensing method was able to map between 62% and 74% (1999 and 1996, respectively) of fire area mapped in the State maintained database. There was between 40% and 45% (1999 and 1996, respectively) of geographic overlap in the datasets. The results illustrate the need to calibrate remotely sensed algorithms by ecosystem type and geographic location in order to more effectively produce historic fire map products for research and other purposes.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121544036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Web-based Technique to Generate and Visualize 3D Scenes from Global to Local Views","authors":"Liqiang Zhang, Chongjun Yang, Donglin Liu, Hongwen Lin","doi":"10.1080/10824000309480583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000309480583","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Global terrain visualization is a very challenging subject. Adopted a client/server architecture for complex, dynamic and distributed 3D scenes, based on hypertext transfer protocol and oriented object methods, a virtual scene for the earth which merges satellite and aerial imagery with DEM data using the Earth itself as an interface is built. Database organization functions in the server, data transfer and real-time display mechanisms are discussed in this paper; then pyramid data structure and wallet analysis principles are introduced to simplified data. How to construct high efficient indexes and algorithms of operating 3D landscape on the browser are also discussed. Finally an experiment is performed using different levels of detail data.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124763911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology for Selection of Framework Data in China","authors":"W. D. Vries, Wu Lan","doi":"10.1080/10824000309480588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000309480588","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract China is in the process of developing a National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) based on so-called framework data. As China has a large number of sectors and users of geospatial data, an NSDI Coordinate Committee was set up in China in 2001 in order to administrate the design and implementation of this NSDI. One of the prominent problems is however still the content of the framework data. This article describes a methodology for selection of themes and features of geo-spatial data as the framework data in China. This methodology is partly based on experiences in other parts of the world, such as the USA and in the UK, but aims to address the specific needs and users requirements in China. The methodology is founded on a two-staged users needs survey, from which a statistical cluster analysis is conducted. The aim of this analysis is to understand the importance of the features from users' point of view. An agglomerative hierarchical nesting method was chosen to meet the analysis requirements. The results reveal the difference of importance of the features. Two alternatives are derived from the clustering results. These alternatives are finalized for the contents of the framework data in China after refinement by analysis of spatial relationships between features.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126678804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert Evaluation as Means of Promoting GIS Software Development","authors":"Bin Li, Qiming Zhou, Yuemin Ding, Lin Liu, Hanming Tu, Qin Tang","doi":"10.1080/10824000309480584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000309480584","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Chinese government invested considerable resources in developing the GIS software industry. Expert evaluation has been used as an important mechanism for assisting the distribution of R&D funds and to assess the performances of the funded projects. The expert evaluation serves as a resolution of the information asymmetry between the funding agencies and the GIS software developers. The formation of the expert committee, the formulation of the evaluation guidelines and the test questions, as well as the conduct of the evaluation contribute to the characteristics of the information obtained from the evaluation. Improvements can be made in these areas so as to enhance the quality of the evaluation and to generate positive influences on the behavior of the software developers. Meanwhile, decision makers should be aware of the advantages and limitations of the expert evaluation.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131949924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Snail Density Estimation for Schistosomiasis Control by Integrating Field Survey and Multiscale Satellite Images","authors":"Bing Xu, P. Gong, S. Liang, E. Seto, B. Spear","doi":"10.1080/10824000309480593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000309480593","url":null,"abstract":"In a mountainous region of Sichuan Province, China, snails live along the edges of ditches in crop fields. People are infected through contact with the contaminated waters of natural rivers and irrigation systems. Infected human and animal stools are used as fertilizers in the crop fields, from which the disease can also be transmitted. Snail population is crucial for more refined analysis of schistosomiasis transmission and for the development of a control model. We focus on five land-use and land-cover categories to which the snail habitat and the water exposure activities of humans may be closely related. These are lowland crop, upland crop, terraced crop field, riverbed and residential area.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131707952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GIS Curricula in China's Higher Education","authors":"Q. Qin","doi":"10.1080/10824000309480587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000309480587","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Ministry of Education of P.R.C has been updated the major catalogue of China's higher education and added major of GIS in geographical science since 1997, the major of GIS has been set up in 93 universities and colleges nationwide. The curricular structure and the establishment of core courses are one of the most significant steps in GIS education. This paper, based on a questionnaire and investigation, points out that the curricular structure of GIS is composed of three parts, including general education courses, foundation courses for GIS and GIS courses. Then, the situation of foundation courses for GIS and GIS courses in various universities and colleges is especially discussed and the characteristics of the GIS courses is portrayed. Finally, the paper put forward the tentative program of the core courses setting, which can be utilized as a reference for different universities and colleges to plan their GIS education and the construction of core courses.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131546698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}