Geographic Information Sciences最新文献

{"title":"GIS Applications Using Agent Technology","authors":"N. Shahriari, Vincent Tao","doi":"10.1080/10824000209480576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000209480576","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is an increasing interest in agent-oriented technology, spanning applications as diverse as information retrieval, user interface design and network management. Application of intelligent agents in the GIS environment is actively being explored. Many different types of agents are being employed to improve usability of GIS software as well as users access to geospatial data and services available through Internet. Geospatial information retrieval and filter, intelligent geospatial search engine, knowledge discovery, decision model assessment and optimization are typical applications based on agents. This paper presents a short introduction to agent and the main research areas in agent technology. The heart of the paper is an overview of applications of intelligent agents in GIS. These applications have been classified in different categories. The paper concludes with an example of a web search tool, Special Spatial Search (3S), to showcase the uses of agent technology. 3S is developed to assist users in geospatial related searching over the web.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121061213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying GIS and Remote Sensing to the Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, China","authors":"G. Davis, Wei-Ping Wu, Hong-Yun Liu, Gail M. Williams, Shang-Biao Lu, Hong-geng Chen, E. Seto","doi":"10.1080/10824000209480575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000209480575","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Remote sensing, using Landsat TM imagery, has been used to classify snail habitat in the Poyang Lake marshlands, a vast area of high endemism for schistosomiasis in China (Jiangxi Province). Major findings of the study were: 1. RS images are useful for delineating snail habitat and differentiating snail habitat from total bovine grazing ranges. 2. RS enabled tracking yearly dynamic changes in lake area and snail habitat. 3. Dynamic environmental factors are responsible for the fact that some areas suitable for snails may not have snails one year, but have snails another year. 4. The critical factor for maintaining stable population structure is relative temporal stability in mean low water levels. 5. The TMRC snail survey method, employed twice a year, enables a robust statistical evaluation (especially analysis of variance) of changes in snail population density and patterns of infection over large areas. This snail collecting method involving repetitive random sampling and 4 m2 frames has resulted in reducing the adverse effects of the severe negative binomial distribution of the snails in the sampling data sets, thus enabling statistical analyses.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123016819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road Extraction Assisted by Laser Data","authors":"Pan Zhu, Xiaoyong Chen, K. Honda, A. Eiumnoh","doi":"10.1080/10824000209480581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000209480581","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract How to make road extraction automatically remains a great challenge up to now. Published researches show that existing approaches are partly available for dealing with shadowed parts of roads especially to rural roads. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to apply laser range data to automatically extract urban roads from digital images. The extraction process is composed of three steps. The first step is working on laser images, where parameters like height and edges of high objects are obtained from the original laser images. At the same time, a new concept called “associated road line (ARL) graph” is developed to assist the road extraction from digital images. The second step deals with digital images, where road edges are obtained through Canny operator. The result proved that ARL graph is a homeomorphous mapping of real road line (RRL) graph. The gaps between segments of RRL are bridged through parts of its ARL through topological transformation. Finally, the shadowed parts of RRL are reconstructed with the help of spline approximate algorithm. The preliminary result proved that this approach is effective and has a potential advantage for efficient extraction of roads from complex patterns of urban road network.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133771939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Landscape Response to Different Harvest Scenarios under Climate Warming – A Spatial Simulation Study","authors":"Hong S. He","doi":"10.1080/10824000209480579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000209480579","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examined forest landscape responses to climate warming in a large (~0.5 million ha) boreal and northern hardwood forest region in northern Wisconsin, U.S.A. We examined whether it contributed to the decline of currently predominant tree species and whether harvests can be used as effective means to prolong the transformation of current forest landscapes to those under warmer conditions. We used a modeling approach by linking a spatially explicit landscape model (LANDIS) with a gap model (LINKAGES). Individual tree species responses at stand scales were simulated with LINKAGES, which integrated soil, climate and species data. Such responses were quantified as inputs for LANDIS, which was then used to integrate large spatial processes such as disturbance and harvesting with ecosystem processes. This protocol allowed us to examine regional forest landscape response to climate warming at the species level with greater realism than by using gap models or landscape transition models alone. Our simulation results suggest that forest landscapes in two ecoregions of northern Wisconsin would experience a significant change under a climate-warming scenario that a 5°C temperature increase occurs over next 100 years. In the lakeshore ecoregion, with more favorable water and nutrient conditions, currently dominant boreal and northern hardwood forests would transform into southern hardwood forests. This result is consistent with the general trends simulated by other models for this region, but shows that landscape transition takes much longer time. By incorporating realistic initial seed source and simulating spatially explicit seed dispersal, our results suggest that the landscape transition is gradual and becomes apparent during 2150–2300 in contemporary time assuming warming occurs from the beginning of this century. Forest harvesting plays an important role in delaying the decline of boreal forests and northern hardwoods. The greatest differences in resulting landscapes under different harvest scenarios (clear cutting group selection, and selection cutting) occurred starting around year 2150. However, harvest does not alter the long-term impacts of climate warming, as the proportions of various cover types simulated under different harvest scenarios at year 300 are very similar. At year 2300 in the lakeshore ecoregion, formerly dominant paper birch, yellow birch, sugar maple, balsam fir, and quaking aspen forests were replaced largely by southern oak species (bur oak, white oak, and black oak), white ash, and hickory. Boreal forests in this ecoregion completely disappeared, while northern hardwoods became a minor cover type compared to southern hardwood forests. A more dramatic transformation occurred in the barrens ecoregion. More than 98% of jack pine and red pine forests disappeared. Because southern hardwood species may be unable to reproduce and establish under warming conditions, the barrens ecoregion could transform into an area w","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125534455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Differential GPS Positioning without Using a Base Station","authors":"Y. Gao, X. Shen, M. Abdel-Salam","doi":"10.1080/10824000209480568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000209480568","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stand-alone GPS is currently capable of providing positioning solutions at accuracy from several meters up to several tens of meters. To obtain a better positioning accuracy, differential GPS techniques must be used including wide area differential GPS networks. Significant efforts are currently underway to develop new processing methods to allow stand-alone point positioning to achieve accuracy at a decimeter to centimeter level. This paper describes the concept of global DGPS positioning without the use of base stations. In addition to the conventional code-based data processing method, a carrier phase based data processing technique has been described in this paper along with test result.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115215771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-Based 3D Reconstruction of Buildings from Multiple Aerial Images","authors":"Y. Tseng, Sendo Wang","doi":"10.1080/10824000209480569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000209480569","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper proposes a model-based building reconstruction method. Modeled by Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG), buildings are reconstructed part by part by fitting each parameterized CSG primitive to the corresponding edge pixels of aerial images. The shape and pose parameters associated to a primitive provide a link between perception (images) and prior knowledge (primitive) of a building part, so that the fitting method proceeds to determine the shape and pose parameters so as to fit a primitive with the corresponding images. Having all of the building parts been uniquely represented by parametric primitives, a building can be reconstructed by using CSG Boolean set operators to combine the building parts. Consequently, a building is represented by a CSG-tree in which each node links two branches of combined parts. This paper demonstrates 10 examples of extracting various buildings. The process time for each primitive is about 20 sec and the successful rate of model-image fitting is about 90%.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"277 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120975658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Neighborhood Accessibility via Transit in a GIS Environment","authors":"Ruihong Huang, Y. Wei","doi":"10.1080/10824000209480572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000209480572","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most existing research on accessibility and spatial mismatch deal with commutes via private automobile. Low-income inner city residents, who tend to have lower rates of car ownership, rely more heavily on public transport for commuting. This paper analyzes the role that public transport plays in providing accessibility to the opportunities provided by various industries in Milwaukee. Based on an integration of place and location accessibility and network analysis technology, the paper develops a new accessibility measurement technique that is better suited for commuting by transit. The analysis indicates that neighborhoods of Milwaukee's inner city north, where there is a high concentration of African-American population, has poor accessibility by transit to urban opportunities in most industries. The results support the spatial mismatch hypothesis that central city residents suffer from poor accessibility to jobs because current public transport facilities were designed to carry workers from suburbs to CBD.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121958851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimension Reduction of Hyperspectral Images for Classification Applications","authors":"P. Hsu, Y. Tseng, P. Gong","doi":"10.1080/10824000209480567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000209480567","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hyperspectral images contain rich and fine spectral information, an improvement of land use/cover classification accuracy is expected from the use of such images. However, due to the high dimensionality of data and high correlation between adjacent spectral bands, the classification process may involve a large amount of training samples, result in low efficiency and been hard to improve classification accuracy. In this paper, we tested some feature extraction methods based on wavelet transform to reduce the high dimensionality with losing much discriminating power in the new feature space. An AVIRIS data set with 220 bands and an EO-1 data set with 193 bands were tested to illustrate the performance of the wavelet based methods and be compared with the existing methods of feature extraction.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116294170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of NDVI Composites Using Merged NOAA-14 and NOAA-15 AVHRR Data","authors":"Pei-yu Chen, R. Srinivasan, G. Fedosejevs, A. D. Báez-González, P. Gong","doi":"10.1080/10824000209480571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000209480571","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data acquired by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) satellites provide daily observations of the Earth's surface. While NOAA-14 data from ascending orbits are operationally used for global vegetation monitoring; NOAA-15 data from descending orbits could provide additional daily coverage. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), derived from the solar reflective data, is linked to vegetation condition and plant biomass production on land surfaces. Because a single AVHRR scene is seldom completely cloud-free, maximum value compositing (MVC) of multi-date NDVI data is widely used to minimize cloud contamination. While ten-day composites from NOAA-14 AVHRR data may not be cloud-free; critical short-term changes in vegetation condition may be lost in composites created over longer time periods. AVHRR data of Texas obtained from NOAA-15 (morning satellite) and NOAA-14 (afternoon satellite) were used in our study on the potential benefits of merged morning and afternoon NDVI data sets for crop monitoring. A strong correlation was observed between NOAA-14 and NOAA-15 NDVI data derived from top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"315 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132407737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Study on the Potential Eco-Environment Evaluation Based on GIS in Longzhong Loess Plateau","authors":"Xiuying Zhang, Tongguang Shi, Chuanyan Zhao, Zhaodong Feng","doi":"10.1080/10824000209480574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000209480574","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper evaluates the potential eco-environment of Longzhong Loess Plateau by using the principal component analysis with GIS software Arc/info. Firstly, found the Digital Environmental Model (DEM) which consists of seven influential factors to the potential eco-environment of the study area; secondly, perform principal component analysis to the second class indexes to obtain the first class indexes—terrain indexes, soil indexes, and eco-climate indexes; get the potential eco-environment index in the same way. There are many methods that could be used to evaluate eco-environment, such as AHP (The Analytic Hierarchy Process), but most of them are subjective. The principle component analysis not only extracts a fewer factors from many influential factors, but also provides the weights of the principal components to avoid the subjectivity of the experts.","PeriodicalId":331860,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Information Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114537259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}