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Mykola Makarenko ir Mariupolio neolitinis kapinynas. Tragiškas ukrainiečio archeologo ir vietovės likimas Mykola Makarenko 和马里乌波尔新石器时代墓葬遗址。一位乌克兰考古学家和一个遗址的悲惨命运
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2023.24.2
Nataliia Mykhailova
{"title":"Mykola Makarenko ir Mariupolio neolitinis kapinynas. Tragiškas ukrainiečio archeologo ir vietovės likimas","authors":"Nataliia Mykhailova","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2023.24.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2023.24.2","url":null,"abstract":"Mariupol Neolithic burial site, unique by its exclusive rich and diversiform inventory, was excavated by Ukrainian archaeologist and art critic Mykola Makarenko in 1930. The author of the excavations was executed by Soviet punitive authorities. The top-level and highly informative publication of the materials on the cemetery, made in 1933, was confiscated. Part of the burial inventory was taken to Russia. Anthropological materials were destroyed during World War II.The tragedy of Mariupol Cemetery continued in 2022. This was the year which became the tragedy in the history of Ukraine and inherently influenced the history of Europe. The Ukrainian people, the Ukrainian nature, and the Ukrainian culture suffered irretrievable losses. So did Ukrainian archaeology.Hundreds of archaeological sites in the war zone, in the zone of occupation and in the annexed territories were completely destroyed or irreparably damaged. Among them, there were the scant surviving artifacts from Mariupol Cemetery.This article is devoted to the history of excavations of Mariupol Burial Complex and the tragic fate of the collection of artifacts.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Crocodile Rock! A Bioarchaeological Study of Ancient Egyptian Reptile Remains from the National Museum of Lithuania 鳄鱼石立陶宛国家博物馆古埃及爬行动物遗骸的生物考古学研究
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2023.24.7
D. Piombino‐Mascali, R. Jankauskas, Giedrė Piličiauskienė, Rokas Girčius, S. Ikram, Luigi M. Caliò, Antonio Messina
{"title":"Crocodile Rock! A Bioarchaeological Study of Ancient Egyptian Reptile Remains from the National Museum of Lithuania","authors":"D. Piombino‐Mascali, R. Jankauskas, Giedrė Piličiauskienė, Rokas Girčius, S. Ikram, Luigi M. Caliò, Antonio Messina","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2023.24.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2023.24.7","url":null,"abstract":"Remnants of what was believed to be a single baby crocodile, originating from ancient Egypt and curated in the National Museum of Lithuania, have been recently assessed using noninvasive and nondestructive techniques. These had been donated in 1862 to the then Museum of Antiquities by the prominent Polish-Lithuanian collector Count Michał Tyszkiewicz. After careful investigation of the three mummified reptile fragments available, the authors were able to identify at least two individuals based on morpho-anatomical characteristics. This indicates that the two small crocodiles originally described in historic records are still present within the collection and that none of these items was lost during the different lootings perpetrated throughout the museum’s history. Information regarding the post-mortem treatment of these animals was also obtained. This is the first scientific study of animal mummies in the Baltic States, and it should be followed by proper conservation and display of these findings.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Marija Gimbutas and the Ethnic Origin of the Baltic Nation 玛丽亚-金布塔斯与波罗的海民族的种族起源
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2023.24.1
A. Merkevičius
{"title":"Marija Gimbutas and the Ethnic Origin of the Baltic Nation","authors":"A. Merkevičius","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2023.24.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2023.24.1","url":null,"abstract":"Birutė Marija Alseikaitė-Gimbutienė (English Marija Gimbutas), is one of the most prominent and well-known archaeologists of the 20th century, pioneer of archaeomythology, creator of new theories in archaeology. In her scientific research, she paid a great attention to the ethnic origins and development of nations.This article analyzes the Theory of Baltic Ethnic Origins formulated by Gimbutas. The solution to this important scientific problem involves two main research stages. The first stage is formulation of the Theory of Indo-European homeland, named the Kurgans Theory. The second stage is formulation of the Theory of the origins of Balts. According to Gimbutas, a few cultural systems participated in the formation of the Balts: the indoeuropeans and substrat culture, that is Indo-Europeanized people of Central Europe. The Indo-Europeans migrated from their homeland, located in the steppe zone north of the Black and Caspian seas, in three waves between 4400/4200 and 3000/2800 BC, ultimately reaching Europe and Indo-Europeanizing it.A secondary Indo-European Homeland was formed in Central Europe, from which the Indo-European culture spread to the Baltic region and other European regions.The last, third wave of newcomers, from around 3000–2800 BC, had the greatest influence on the southeastern and eastern Baltic region and the surrounding territories. During several centuries of assimilation between local inhabitants and newcomers, around 2500–2000 BC, in the territory between the Vistula River in the west and the Volga and Oka rivers in the east, several cultural groups of Proto-Balts were formed. During further ethnocultural processes, around 2000 BC. the Baltic ethnos was formed. In the 2nd and 1st millennium BC. and in the first part of the 1st millennium AD the Balts inhabited a huge area in the North Eastern part of Europe.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":"648 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140246709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vaistiniai buteliukai (1919–1939 m.), rasti Užupio g. 15A, Vilniuje, jų turinio tyrimų rezultatai bei interpretacija 维尔纽斯 Užupio 街 15A 号发现的药瓶（1919-1939 年），研究成果及其内容解释
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2023.24.6
Vismantas Muralis, Viktorija Šimkutė, Vida Vičkačkaitė, Atas Žvirblys
{"title":"Vaistiniai buteliukai (1919–1939 m.), rasti Užupio g. 15A, Vilniuje, jų turinio tyrimų rezultatai bei interpretacija","authors":"Vismantas Muralis, Viktorija Šimkutė, Vida Vičkačkaitė, Atas Žvirblys","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2023.24.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2023.24.6","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological investigation was carried out in the first half of 2022 on the site Užupio g. 15A, which falls within the territory of the Vilnius St. Bartholomew’s Church building complex. During the research it was expected to find cultural layer horizons associated with the church and the cemetery next to it. Although archaeological finds and disturbed graves were discovered during the excavation, the most intriguing finds were collected in recessed structures dating from the first half of the XX century. As many as 69 bottles and vials were collected, most of which were used to store medicines. Four individual fragments with inscriptions were also found. Among the finds above, three bottles were found with preserved contents inside. This article, which is an interdisciplinary collaboration between archaeologists, historians, and chemists, analyses the archaeological and historical context of the mentioned finds, the places of manufacture of the discovered medicine bottles, the results of analyses of the contents found in the bottles, and interpretations of the possible uses of the recovered medicinal substances.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":"2015 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140246245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exhumations of Polish Soldiers in Lithuania: History and Methods of Research 在立陶宛挖掘波兰士兵遗骸：历史与研究方法
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2023.24.5
Jovita Kadikinaitė
{"title":"Exhumations of Polish Soldiers in Lithuania: History and Methods of Research","authors":"Jovita Kadikinaitė","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2023.24.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2023.24.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the search for the remains of Polish soldiers in Lithuania from 1992 to the present day, and presents how such research has evolved, and what archaeological research methodology is used. The involvement of specialists from different institutions and disciplines in such searches is discussed. Although the article deals with the search for the remains of all Polish soldiers who died in the course of the 20th century conflicts in general, it is notable that the most numerous part of them is made up of the soldiers of Armia Krajowa. The main data available for such searches is the testimonies of live witnesses, supplemented and refined by archaeological and anthropological research. The methodology of such research is still being shaped on a case-by-case basis, so it is important to review and familiarise oneself with researches that has been carried out and cases of (un)successes, as this may help to plan further, more productive research and searches for individuals from this period in the future.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":"42 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genocido nusikaltimų ir įkalčių paieška buvusių NKVD/MGB būstinių Lazdijuose ir Leipalingyje teritorijose ir jų aplinkoje 在拉兹迪贾伊和莱帕林吉斯前 NKVD/MGB 总部所在地及其周围地区搜寻种族灭绝罪和证据
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2023.24.4
Ingrida Čičiurkaitė, Linas Kvizikevičius
{"title":"Genocido nusikaltimų ir įkalčių paieška buvusių NKVD/MGB būstinių Lazdijuose ir Leipalingyje teritorijose ir jų aplinkoje","authors":"Ingrida Čičiurkaitė, Linas Kvizikevičius","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2023.24.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2023.24.4","url":null,"abstract":"The main idea of this work is to summarize the data from two independent studies carried out in Lazdijai and Leipalingis in 2021–2023, to share the experience and the features of the research methodology in the search for the remains of the Lithuanian partisans – the clues of the violent crimes that were committed 75–80 years ago. The aim of the article is to identify the pattern of concealment evidence and crimes committed with impunity and systematically by the NKVD troops and their henchmen – the Soviet collaborators. Two tasks are formulated to achieve this goal: firstly, to reveal the theoretical principles of the methodology of the search for evidences applied during the forensic archaeology research in the period 2021–2023 in the search for the remains of the partisans of the Southern region of Lithuania, killed in the period 1945–1952 and possibly hidden in the courtyards of the NKVD headquarters in Lazdijai and Leipalingis and their surroundings, and secondly to summarize the methodology and the results achieved during the field work. ","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":"45 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Senojo ir vidurinio geležies amžiaus kapinynas Vilkijoje 2016 ir 2023 metų archeologinių tyrimų duomenimis 根据 2016 年和 2023 年考古调查数据显示的维尔基亚中古铁器时代墓葬遗址
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2023.24.3
Justinas Račas, Liudvikas Vasiliauskas, Zenonas Baubonis
{"title":"Senojo ir vidurinio geležies amžiaus kapinynas Vilkijoje 2016 ir 2023 metų archeologinių tyrimų duomenimis","authors":"Justinas Račas, Liudvikas Vasiliauskas, Zenonas Baubonis","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2023.24.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2023.24.3","url":null,"abstract":"An article is discussed Old – Middle Iron Age burial ground in Vilkija (Kaunas district), excavated in 2016 and 2023. Objective was to gather fragmented information and finds from this period from museums and other sources. As well there were made radioactive carbon (14C) analysis of burials and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis of finds.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Re-considering Processual and Post-Processual Archaeology: Can a Historical Approach Help Nuance the Usage of aDNA and Archaeogenetics 重新考虑过程考古学和后过程考古学:历史方法能帮助区分aDNA和考古遗传学的使用吗
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2022.23.2
A. Andersson
{"title":"Re-considering Processual and Post-Processual Archaeology: Can a Historical Approach Help Nuance the Usage of aDNA and Archaeogenetics","authors":"A. Andersson","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2022.23.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2022.23.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the question of the use of modern archaeogenetics, taking into account the history of the discipline of archaeology itself, and comparing the criticisms that processual archaeology received with the criticisms that are currently directed to the use of archaeogenetics and “new” scientific methods. This paper illustrates that there are several parallels between processual archaeology in the 1980s and the criticisms received by contemporary users of archaeogenetics. This can be seen by examining the criticism that both have received and are currently receiving. This article aims to stimulate discussion about how the discipline best applies these scientific methods which are being increasingly used. The paper likewise aims to add to the discourse on how the discipline of archaeology best moves beyond the current concept of mobility and how a historical approach can be useful. At the same time, the work tries to emphasize the importance of learning from the history of one’s discipline and why it is worth taking history as a starting point.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41664675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Newly Discovered Anthropomorphic Vessel from Eastern Bulgaria 保加利亚东部新发现的拟人器物
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2022.23.4
Veselin Danov
{"title":"A Newly Discovered Anthropomorphic Vessel from Eastern Bulgaria","authors":"Veselin Danov","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2022.23.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2022.23.4","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of prehistoric anthropomorphic sculpture, its presentation and interpretation are widely covered in the works of Marija Gimbutas. In her honor is the submitted paper, which presents a representative and very interesting vessel. It is a vessel in the shape of a human body, rare in the Eneolithic era.The vessel was found accidentally on the surface of a settlement mound. It is partially preserved, but the available fragments allow to restore its shape and ornamentation. The massive legs and long feet allow the vessel to be placed upright. It is one of the most impressive specimens among this type of finds which represents a female mythological image, probably the Mother Goddess. Specific shape and ornamentation of the vessel suggest representative functions, probably used in various rites associated with prayers for fertility.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43623107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anthropomorphic Figurines with Hunched Backs and Deformed Breasts in Kodjadermen–Gumelniţa–Karanovo VI Culture Kodjaedermen–Gumelniţa–Karanovo VI文化中驼背和乳房变形的人形雕像
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2022.23.10
V. Stavreva
{"title":"Anthropomorphic Figurines with Hunched Backs and Deformed Breasts in Kodjadermen–Gumelniţa–Karanovo VI Culture","authors":"V. Stavreva","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2022.23.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2022.23.10","url":null,"abstract":"A number of unusual anthropomorphic figurines featuring hunched backs and conical protrusions on their chests have been unearthed in several settlements that belong to the area of the Kodjadermen–Gumelniţa–Karanovo VI culture. The figurines have not been subject to a special study in scholarly literature so far and hence, no attempt at their interpretation has ever been made.The study discusses the possibility that these unusual images reflect a physical disability caused by Pott’s disease. Anthropologic research on skeletal remains of the Eneolithic population of Europe has established pathological changes that are consistent with this disease. Its cause, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has been identified also through biomolecular study of human bones, which confirms the spread of tuberculosis in this period. The author furthermore argues about the possible use of this type of figurines in magic rituals. In addition, some ethnographic data is supplied for the use of clay anthropomorphic images in health-bringing and healing rites.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45484366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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