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Archaeologia Lituana最新文献

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Animal Bones, Bone Artefacts and Bone Working at Late Bronze Age Fortified Settlements in North-Eastern Lithuania: Sokiškiai, Mineikiškės and Garniai I 立陶宛东北部青铜时代晚期加固定居点的动物骨骼、骨骼艺术品和骨骼加工：Sokiškiai、Mineikiškïs和Garniai I
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2022.23.14
H. Luik, Giedrė Piličiauskienė, Vytenis Podėnas, Viktorija Micelicaitė, Karolis Minkevičius, Agnė Čivilytė
{"title":"Animal Bones, Bone Artefacts and Bone Working at Late Bronze Age Fortified Settlements in North-Eastern Lithuania: Sokiškiai, Mineikiškės and Garniai I","authors":"H. Luik, Giedrė Piličiauskienė, Vytenis Podėnas, Viktorija Micelicaitė, Karolis Minkevičius, Agnė Čivilytė","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2022.23.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2022.23.14","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses artefacts made of osseous materials found in the Late Bronze Age fortified settlement sites in north-eastern Lithuania. Earlier, Bronze Age bone items from three Lithuanian sites – Narkūnai, Nevieriškė and Ke­reliai – have been analysed more thoroughly. Of sites discussed here, Sokiškiai has been archaeologically investigated in the beginning of the 1980-ies. In recent years, research has been carried out on the fortified settlements of Mineikiškės and Garniai I. 14C AMS dates have been used to date new sites as well as to specify the dates of previously studied settlements. During this research, approximately half a hundred bone, antler and tooth objects were examined, and the material used to make them was determined, if possible up to the species and skeletal part. Among the materials used, bone predominated, antler was used less, and teeth were used in only a few cases. An overview is given of the common types of bone objects, the processing techniques used to make them and the uses of the objects. The majority of tools are chisels and scrapers, and awls and points, many of which could have been used as leather working tools. The third major group of finds is bone pins, which testify to the clothing fashion that needed pins for attachment. Comparing the finds of Late Bronze Age fortified settlements in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Byelorussia, greater similarity can be observed in certain types of bone artefacts in south-eastern Latvia, north-western Byelorussia, and north-eastern Lithuania.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48380915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Pytheas the Massaliot and the Baltic. Myth or Reality? 皮西亚斯和波罗的海。神话还是现实?
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2022.23.11
S. Tillisch
{"title":"Pytheas the Massaliot and the Baltic. Myth or Reality?","authors":"S. Tillisch","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2022.23.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2022.23.11","url":null,"abstract":"Pytheas the Massaliot travelled the entire European coastline from Gades (Cadiz) to the mythological northern mouth of the Tanais (Don), circumnavigated Britain, reached ultima Thule, probably the Faroes, and the amber island of Abalus, probably Thy, and Norway, possibly the land of the Periscians.This article revisits the idea of Pytheas reaching the Baltic, very possibly the area of the northern mouth of Tanais (Vistula? Nemunas?), and the idea of Kaali on Saaremaa as “the place where the sun went to bed”’. The examination of the question is introduced with a historiographical excursus and chapters on the scientific background of the journey, the measurements of Pytheas, his hometown Massalia and his journey as far as the Western Baltic. The argument will be exposed through analysis and comparison of the archaeological and written evidence.In conclusion it is argued that Kaali on Saaremaa was visited by Pytheas the Massaliot and may indeed be considered “the place where the sun went to bed” but not “ultima Thule”.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42031474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rings of Power or in Search of Early Elites 权力之环或寻找早期精英
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2022.23.7
I. Manzura
{"title":"Rings of Power or in Search of Early Elites","authors":"I. Manzura","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2022.23.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2022.23.7","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the problem of identification of prehistoric elites on the example of the Usatovo culture. Archaeological evidence allows us to discern in the culture three separate strata or classes which are conditionally designated as the Nobles, the Honoured, and the Commoners. Social elite represented a core within the noble class. It is distinguished by specific attributes which illustrate its attempts to resolve one of the most complex problems of any elite – to reconcile tension between “universalism” and “particularism”. The first quality is realized in ritual performance through manipulation of material objects whereas the second one is realized by means of sumptuary customs along with other methods. The emergence of the elites in the Usatovo culture became possible due to specific combination of objective factors which were successfully utilized by new social leaders.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45454701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elk-boat Depictions in the Ethnoarchaeological Context 民族考古背景下的麋鹿船描绘
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2022.23.8
N. Mykhailova
{"title":"Elk-boat Depictions in the Ethnoarchaeological Context","authors":"N. Mykhailova","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2022.23.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2022.23.8","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous depictions of elk-shaped ships are discovered in rock art of the Northern Europe and Siberia, dating from the Mesolithic time to the Bronze age. Usually they are interpreted as Boats of the Deads, connecting the Worlds. The water is the symbol of a border between Worlds in traditional societies. Northern Europe archaeological findings prove that images of the Cervid as a mediator between Worlds and the Boat of the Deads became connected in the Stone Age. Red deer (Cervus Elaphus) remnants were found in burials from the Mesolithic period to the Iron Age. Cemeteries of humans in boats with deer antlers or elk-headed stuffs were discovered at the Mesolithic sites of Denmark (Vedbaeck, Mollegabet) and in Northern Russia (Bolshoy Oleniy Ostrov). Being of a great significance in the mytho-ritual complex of the Stone Age population in Europe, Elk-Boat as the transport between Worlds is preserved in folklore of South-East European people. Mythological motif of the Cervid, sailing on the Sea or the River, with the sleeping maiden on his antlers, is widespread in South and Eastern Europe.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66921715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Origins and Chronology of the Usatove Culture 习惯文化的起源与年代
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2022.23.9
A. Nikitin, S. Ivanova
{"title":"The Origins and Chronology of the Usatove Culture","authors":"A. Nikitin, S. Ivanova","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2022.23.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2022.23.9","url":null,"abstract":"Usatove was an important southeast European culture, part of Gimbutas’ kurgan cultures, that connected the world of farmers of Old Europe with the rising influence of steppe nomads at the Eneolithic–Bronze Age transition. While the Usatove culture is currently placed within the late Eneolithic–Early Bronze Age chronological period, emerging evidence suggests the culture formed genetically and culturally in the early part of the 4th millennium BCE. We propose that the biological and cultural foundations of Usatove lie at the juncture of the Suvorove–Novodanylivka branch of the Seredny Stig complex of the North Pontic Steppe, the Trypillian farmers of southeast Europe, with influences from Varna–Karanovo VI–Gumelniţa and late Stone Age cultures of the North Caucasus.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44206233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Multidisciplinary Research in Late Bronze Age Kukuliškiai Settlement (Klaipėda District): Methods and Primary Results 青铜时代晚期Kukuliškiai定居点（Klaipëda区）的多学科研究：方法和初步结果
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2022.23.15
Miglė Urbonaitė-Ubė
{"title":"Multidisciplinary Research in Late Bronze Age Kukuliškiai Settlement (Klaipėda District): Methods and Primary Results","authors":"Miglė Urbonaitė-Ubė","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2022.23.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2022.23.15","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to present the most important results of the archaeological research of the Kukuliškiai settlement (Klaipėda district) in 2017–2020. During 3 seasons of the research, more than 3 hectares of the territory on the Littorina sea terrace were scanned by GPR, 101 geological drills were hammered, and an area of 45m2 was investigated. Fifteen AMS 14C dates were taken from different objects and stratigraphic layers of the settlement. Dating showed that settlement was contemporaneous and occupied around c. 800–400 cal BC. The complexity and scope of the research provides valuable insights into the lifestyle of Late Bronze Age coastal community. The discovery of wooden structures, organic artefacts and ecofacts indicates that the site provides excellent conditions for the survival of organics, of which there are only a dozen in Lithuania. The site and the collected research data, therefore, offer exceptional opportunities for the study of Bronze Age life not only in the coastal Lithuanian, but also in the southeastern Baltic region.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49595172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cultural Interactions Between the Societies of the ‘Old Europe’ and the Steppe ‘Kurgan People’ During the Last Quarter of the 4th Millennium BC: Case Study of Serezlievka Local Group 公元前4千年最后一个季度“旧欧洲”社会与草原“库尔干人”的文化互动——以Serezlievka地方群体为例
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2022.23.6
M. Ivanov, Mykola Tupciyenko
{"title":"Cultural Interactions Between the Societies of the ‘Old Europe’ and the Steppe ‘Kurgan People’ During the Last Quarter of the 4th Millennium BC: Case Study of Serezlievka Local Group","authors":"M. Ivanov, Mykola Tupciyenko","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2022.23.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2022.23.6","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural interactions between the societies of Old Europe and the Steppe ‘Kurgan people’ played a significant role in the academic writings of Maria Gimbutas. In her texts, the interplay between mentioned human groups was described as a dichotomy and was put into a framework of violent struggle. Three waves of destructive intrusion of steppe pastorals were reconstructed and the determinative role of ‘kurgan people’ in the spread of Indo-European nations was described (Gimbutas, 1993). However, although Gimbutas’ model is still influential and is used as a methodological framework for the most recent genomic studies (Haak et al., 2015), (Allentoft et al., 2015), (Juras et al., 2018), (Scorrano et al., 2021), there are certain archaeological data that allow suggesting a more complicated interaction than simple ‘east-to-west’ migration. In the current paper, we will publish a rare example of a kurgan burial with mixed Late Trypillia and ‘steppe’ traits, excavated by one of the authors in 1989 near the village of Pomichna. The context of similar burials discovered in the south of Eastern Europe between the South Buh and Dnieper rivers will be provided. The emergence of the Serezlievka local group with a hybrid Trypillia-steppe identity at the end of the 4th millennium BC will be conceptualized.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43332451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cow, Bull, Woman, Man (Relief on a Vessel from the End of the Fifth Millennium BC from the Western Black Sea Coast) 牛、公牛、女人、男人(公元前五千年末期黑海西部海岸一艘船上的浮雕)
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2022.23.5
Petya B Georgieva
{"title":"Cow, Bull, Woman, Man (Relief on a Vessel from the End of the Fifth Millennium BC from the Western Black Sea Coast)","authors":"Petya B Georgieva","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2022.23.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2022.23.5","url":null,"abstract":"In the Varna Eneolithic necropolis three gold applications were found with shapes presenting cattle in profile. They have no clear sexual characteristics. These figures are usually interpreted as bulls. Images with analogous shapes occur rarely on ceramic vessels as well.This paper presents a vessel from the settlement mound Kozareva Mogila (Bulgaria). Two anthropomorphic and two zoomorphic figures are depicted on it. The images are schematic, modeled in relief along the entire middle part, arranged in a horizontal belt and alternating anthropomorphic and zoomorphic. The anthropomorphic ones are presented facing the observer, differing from each other only in that one has embossed female breasts. The zoomorphic ones are presented in profile. In shape they are very close to the gold cattle figures from Varna. Like the human figures, one has a clearly marked sex: a phallus in relief. This indicates that one depicts a bull and the other a cow, a rare example of simultaneous presentation of female and male anthropomorphic and zoomorphic images with clearly marked sex. This scene is a key to identifying the gender of the gold zoomorphic figures from the Varna necropolis, commonly called bulls.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49113609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Goddesses and the Moon: Images and Symbols of Сuсuteni–Trypillia 女神与月亮:Сuсuteni-Trypillia的形象与象征
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2022.23.3
N. Burdo
{"title":"Goddesses and the Moon: Images and Symbols of Сuсuteni–Trypillia","authors":"N. Burdo","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2022.23.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2022.23.3","url":null,"abstract":"Maria Gimbutas devoted three fundamental monographs to the study of the religion of prehistoric Europe and the Goddess who, in her opinion, reigned in the sacred space of the population of Neolithic Europe. She believed that modern European civilization has its origins in the early agricultural societies of the Neolithic period from the 7th to the 3rd millennia BC, which corresponds to the term “Old Europe”. According to the researcher, the Great Triune Goddess, associated with the cycle of “birth, nurturing, growth, death, and regeneration”, played a dominant and all-encompassing role in the religion of Old Europe, the “goddess religion”. The analysis of the pictorial tradition of the Cucuteni–Trypillia cultural complex allows us to assert that, in addition to female characters, probably goddesses, the symbolism of the Moon, lunar cycles and sacred images related to the semantic field of the Moon were of particular importance during near 2000 years.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45647862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Population Diet and Palaeoenvironment in the 16th–18th c Rusų str. 5 Vilnius: Insights from the Archeobotanical Analysis and Historical Sources 16 - 18世纪人口、饮食和古环境[j] . 5维尔纽斯:来自考古分析和历史资料的见解
Archaeologia Lituana Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/archlit.2022.23.13
Vida Indrulėnaitė-Šimanauskienė, Linas Girlevičius, Giedrė Motuzaitė Matuzevičiūtė
{"title":"Population Diet and Palaeoenvironment in the 16th–18th c Rusų str. 5 Vilnius: Insights from the Archeobotanical Analysis and Historical Sources","authors":"Vida Indrulėnaitė-Šimanauskienė, Linas Girlevičius, Giedrė Motuzaitė Matuzevičiūtė","doi":"10.15388/archlit.2022.23.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2022.23.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of archaeobotanical research from Vilnius, Rusų str. 5. The waterlogged sediment samples were taken from various archaeological contexts dated between the 16th–18th centuries. The abundance of botanical material and large diversity in plant species revealed the diet of past Vilnius inhabitants, the past use of diverse fruit species brown in orchards and in the forest, as well as exotic plants that were likely imported all the way from the southern Europe. The local ruderal vegetation infers of the past local environment at the excavated site.","PeriodicalId":33149,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Lituana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47744135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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