Upravlenie最新文献

{"title":"International educational migration as a “soft power resource” in the globalization era","authors":"V. Suvorova, I. Bronnikov","doi":"10.26425/2309-3633-2019-4-131-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-4-131-139","url":null,"abstract":"The international educational migration as a resource of «soft power» of the state has been analyzed in the article. Based on comprehensive analysis of the existing definitions of educational migration the author’s interpretation of this concept have been proposed. Based on the data of UNESCO, the Institute of international education of the United States, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation the statistics of international educational migration has been presented and analyzed. The main emphasis has been made on such categories of international educational migrants as students (bachelors, masters), postgraduate students. The reasons for the popularity of foreign students in countries such as Canada and the United States have been described. Based on the study two groups of factors have been highlighted: external and internal (motivational) factors, influencing decision-making in choosing the country of study.Based on the data of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, the advantages of education in Russia have been analyzed. The issue of adaptation of foreign students in Russian universities has been considered: first-year curatorial programs, the Institute of student fellowships. It has been concluded hat Russian universities have a wealth of experience in teaching and adaptation of foreign students.The concepts and projects to attract foreign students to the Russian Federation also have been described in detail. Special attention to two projects “5–100” and “Export of Russian education” has been paid. The Federal Agency for the Commonwealth of Independent States Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation (Rossotrudnichestvo) as one of the main institutions in the export of Russian education has been designated. The measures to attract foreign students to Russian universities have been proposed.","PeriodicalId":33117,"journal":{"name":"Upravlenie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69284051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Сhallenges of the modern model of formation and implementation of the Russian state innovation policy","authors":"A. Gusarova, D. Znamenskiy","doi":"10.26425/2309-3633-2019-4-149-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-4-149-154","url":null,"abstract":"The state innovation policy of modern Russia has been analyzed in the article. The problems of the existing model of formation and implementation of the state innovation policy have been considered. This direction of policy has been studied from the standpoint of institutional, technological and time components, which allows us to characterize the modern model of the state innovation policy of Russia as a model implemented “top-down”, as the center of decision-making was shifted towards the state in the face of government agencies and decision-makers with minimal consideration of the views of other stakeholders. The subject of this study is the interaction of political institutions in the formation and implementation of the state innovation policy of Russia. The role of small and medium-sized enterprises of scientific, technical and innovative orientation in the studied processes as the most “sensitive” market needs has been emphasized, the focus has been shifted to increase the responsibility of the first persons of the regions for regional innovative development, as well as to the nominal nature of the state priority of innovative development of Russia. As a methodological basis, a system-dynamic approach is used, which allows you to reveal systematically the shortcomings of the current system, expressed in the limited interaction of political institutions, their communication and the quality of partnerships. This is largely due to the symbolic (nominal) political demand for such development and the weak setting, optimal for the development of innovation, socio-political environment. The conclusion has been made, that it is possible to correct the current state of affairs when changing: the legal support of the innovation sphere, the subject composition of the participants in the development and implementation of state policy in the field of innovation and the conditions for the development and growth of innovation.","PeriodicalId":33117,"journal":{"name":"Upravlenie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69284167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual approaches to the formation of regional economic clusters","authors":"N. Rakuta, T. Sitokhova","doi":"10.26425/2309-3633-2019-4-76-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-4-76-83","url":null,"abstract":"Clustering of the economy of individual territories determines the most effective integration their into the world economic system, makes it possible for the accumulation and optimal use of resources from the point of view of global trends, contributes to the efficiency of state industrial policy. Clusters have become one of the main driving forces and determinants of regional competitiveness, the effectiveness of which is confirmed by world experience. They make it possible to increase the competitiveness not only of their enterprises, but also of specific industries within the region, as well as to expand the introduction of innovations, reduce transaction costs, develop and strengthen the relationship between business, science and the state. The resulting synergistic effect of creating a cluster is not only to increase the efficiency of its work as a whole in comparison with the efficiency of individual participants, but also to mutually strengthen the competitive position of both industry production and its home territory.The content characteristic of the concept of “economic cluster of the region”, which distinguishes the author’s approach from other well-known scientific approaches by the fact that as part of regional clusters, a special kind of them can be distinguished-an economic cluster of small enterprises, which is a localized and geographically concentrated group of small businesses, interconnected and complementary to each other, has been clarified in the article. In the center of cluster education are one or more large and stable in their development enterprises, that provide effective demand, have common (similar) economic interests, a common development strategy aimed at activating the activities of small enterprises in the region.Small enterprises, that are part of the regional economic cluster can provide the region with a higher level of production efficiency and competitiveness in comparison with other non-systemically organized economic structures.","PeriodicalId":33117,"journal":{"name":"Upravlenie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48171967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of an innovation ecosystem formation as territory strategic development element","authors":"I. Korchagina, O. V. Sychjova-Peredero","doi":"10.26425/2309-3633-2019-4-44-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-4-44-53","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of assessing and justifying the cost-effectiveness of creating various elements of an innovation ecosystem of territories, in particular, regions has been analyzed in the article. Most of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are working on the formation of innovative ecosystems in the context of strategic economic management. However, this raises the issue of budget and economic cost-effectiveness. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodological approach and the main directions of determining the effectiveness of the formation of innovative ecosystems.It has been shown, that it is incorrect to evaluate efficiency only by the direct budget effect. Based on expert interviews the main effects of the development of the region’s innovation ecosystem have been identified and classified. It has been allowed us to clarify specific areas of the influence of the innovation ecosystem on a number of economic indicators, including the gross regional product. The formulas for calculating the most important effects of the development of innovative ecosystems in terms of value have been proposed. The influence of innovation ecosystems on the achievement of public goals of socio-economic development of territories has been noted. Based on data on the development of an innovation ecosystem with a core in the form of a regional support university and the implementation of student entrepreneurial projects, key effects arising from costs from various sources have been identified.It has been shown, that additional costs for the development of innovative ecosystems can be fully justified, provided that a full-fledged funnel of projects is implemented. Attention has been paid to the problem of more complete and accurate assessments of the long-term effects of the development of an innovation ecosystem for spatial significance, migration attractiveness, and the development of human capital of the territory. Conclusions about the significant impact of costs on the formation of an innovation ecosystem on the development of the territory (both existing and potential) have been made.","PeriodicalId":33117,"journal":{"name":"Upravlenie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69283763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive strategies of differentiation and cost minimization","authors":"O. Mikhailov","doi":"10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-75-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-75-83","url":null,"abstract":"The strategies of differentiation and cost minimization are oriented on reception of competitive advances in the broad range of industries/branches, that allows companies to achieve effective exceed in the industry-average indicators. Using the both strategies can bring the synergetic effect in competition of the subjects and objects. These strategies can reinforce each other and the competitive advances of the company. Strategies of cost minimization and differentiation can coexist and compete. Cost leadership strategy focuses on getting advantages by reducing cost below analogies of all competitors. It is unsufficient the single of cost minimization in the international competing, it is necessary the complex and creative decision of the compound problems, associated with differentiation of products and services.Product differentiation is a business strategy, whereby firms attempt to gain a competitive advantage by increasing the perceived value of their products/services relative to perceived value the other products/services firms; with recording dissatisfied inquiring the customers. Especially distinctive characteristics, properties, attributes of products or services can be one or more-the main thing that they were really important, more useful and valuable for buyers. The differentiation can create on the basis the timing of product introduction, product customization, the best joining the product and services or simultaneously combination of these advantages. Product differentiation is ultimately an expression of the creativity of individuals and groups within the firm. It is limited not only by opportunities, than exist, or than can be created, in particular industry, but by the willingness and ability of firms to creatively explore ways to take advantage of those opportunities.The willingness of consumers to pay more suggests, that important perceptual bases of product differentiation exist. Successful implementation of these strategies can increase consumer sensations/perceptions of the greater value of products/ services and contribute to the expansion of their exports and strengthen the competitiveness of the company in the global economy. The ideal strategy-building process is to achieve a high level of commitment of employees and consumers around a high-quality strategy and the best ways to implement it.","PeriodicalId":33117,"journal":{"name":"Upravlenie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69283891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport demand as a function of the state of a transport network","authors":"T. Sakulyeva","doi":"10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-47-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-47-53","url":null,"abstract":"For thousands of years in major cities one of the main problems was the possibility of movement. The need for movement is based on the opportunities provided by transport, and encourages society to further develop. The article considers the historical aspects of the study of the mobility of the population and the study of its mobility in terms of digital technology.The application of various methods of mobility research is a common practice in many countries, cities, regions, which provides the collection of important information for the development of transport systems. Financial and organizational constraints affect the quantity and quality of the data collected. Existing techniques need to be constantly adapted to rapidly developing technologies and the rapidly changing nature of population mobility, which is becoming more intermodal. A qualitative model based on an appropriate data set creates a qualitative set of input data for the concept, design, and evaluation results. This in turn will allow for a more reasonable design and evaluation of transport projects.Transport modeling varies from developing relatively simple models in the form of tables to models of transport networks, which consider transport demand as a function of the state of the transport network. For each stage of modeling, there is a need to include feedback in the modeling process. They reveal the interrelation of the various steps of the modeling process and the need to use iterative methods of calculation. The functionality of the model is determined by the presence of feedbacks, which increase the ability of the model to predict actual results. Before carrying out any actions on transport modeling, it is necessary fully understand the requirements for the function of this model. This will ensure, that the model is a result, which is important for the project and provides it with a qualitative assessment.","PeriodicalId":33117,"journal":{"name":"Upravlenie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69283822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Воронка онлайн-продаж как аналитический инструмент управления эффективностью бизнеса","authors":"Е. В. Васильева, Валерия Владимировна Лосева","doi":"10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-63-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-63-74","url":null,"abstract":"The possibilities of online sales strategy analysis based on unit-economy metrics (Unit Economics is a new economic modeling method used to determine the effectiveness of a digital business model by assessing the profitability of a product unit or a single customer), as well as on the theory of restrictions, have been shown. The peculiarities of settings of problems on monitoring the process of attracting customers to the electronic resource of a company, and their support up to conclusion of commercial transaction (product sale) have been revealed. A scenarios matrix for promoting information about a product, a brand, or a service using various communication channels has been compiled. Among various strategies of a sales funnel management the following three main strategies have been highlighted: the strategy of a proportional expansion (when increasing a traffic at the entrance of a funnel, which gives a large conversion, the funnel expands at all next stages, and the output result is increased); the strategy of stretching (increasing of a conversion at each level results in the output increasing), and the strategy of a key level (this strategy demands to determine the level of the funnel, which limits the entire system, and to apply efforts to improve conversion indicators at this special level). A methodology for constructing and analyzing the product funnel using unit-economy metrics has been adduced. The peculiarities of development of strategies for sales funnel using the critical-chain method (Critical Chain Management, CPM) and method of Theory of Constraints (TOC) have been highlighted, when the company’s results depend on the interacting elements of the system, that create the constraints. A method of searching bottlenecks in the sales funnel has been proposed, which consists in a consistent assessment of the impact on the profits of each of its five basic metrics, for each of which there are special development tools, allowing one to find points of rapid profit growth. Scenario analysis of sales funnel using unit metrics has been сarried out.","PeriodicalId":33117,"journal":{"name":"Upravlenie","volume":"7 1","pages":"63-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69283882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A social change theory for interpretation of the migration flows of the Bangladeshi labor emigration","authors":"P. Shаhanaz","doi":"10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-113-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-113-119","url":null,"abstract":"The special features of the Bangladeshi emigrant work force have been considered. The explanation of the reason under the theoretical framework of social change has been presented, on which the neoclassical theory of migration, and, also the push and pull factors theory, cannot clarify the specific distribution of migrants, which is observed. The neoclassical theory of migration has been analyzed, which supposes, that economic factors should determine the choice of a destination country by a emigrant, and it shows how the theory would predict, that the distribution of emigrants should be correlated to the relative average income of the hosting countries. Therefore, the theory is not respected in the case of the Bangladeshi emigration. The network model of migration, even though it partially fixes this problem, can still not explain the emergence of enclaves of Bangladeshi citizens in hosting countries.The theory of social changes, with some modifications originating from the network approach and the “governmentality” approach, might however explain the distribution of Bangladeshi emigrants abroad, and it has been assumed, that this theoretical development sheds light on the studied problem and its causes. According to this theory, the Bangladeshi emigration is one part of a global process, which creates a global civilization from a number of previously independent societies. A consequence of this theory is that the flows of migrants should more or less follow the waves of development of a globalised society, and, therefore, that it should be possible to measure modifications in the trend of globalisation by measuring the variation in the flows of migrants, or in their distribution across regions.","PeriodicalId":33117,"journal":{"name":"Upravlenie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47836820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Подход к организации поддержки принятия решений при разработке стратегий инновационного развития регионов с применением адаптивно-имитационной модели","authors":"Lilia Chernyakhovskaya, M. M. Nizamutdinov, V. V. Oreshnikov, A. Atnabaeva","doi":"10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-103-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-103-112","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of formation of the decision support system in the field of regional development management have been considered. The presented review of the existing approaches in this field testifies on the one hand to their diversity, and on the other hand, it allows us to draw a conclusion about the need to solute a number of methodological and practical issues of decision support in terms of innovative development of regions. On this basis, the goal of the research is to develop the concept of a decision support system to substantiate the parameters of the innovative strategy of regional development based on adaptive mechanisms for coordinating the interests of economic agents. The research methodology is based on the synthesis of different approaches in the framework of integration into the structure of adaptive simulation models of problem-oriented knowledge bases, as well as intelligent technologies for processing semistructured information, using to find decisions in the process of formation and adjustment of parameters of management of innovative development of the region. The result of the study is a theoretical justification for the development of problem-oriented DSS, including a description of the interrelated stages, determining the main design features of this toolkit. As a part of the study, a conceptual scheme of implementation of the decision support system in the field of management of regional innovative development has been proposed, the key functional blocks of the proposed tools have been described, the place of existing tools in the structure of the regional development management system has been determined, the possibilities of its use in the formation of forecast-planned assessments of regional development, as well as the evaluation of the effectiveness of alternative management actions, have been shown. In our opinion, the proposed tools will expand the possibilities of applying the management theory and decision support methods, intelligent information technology, economic and mathematical methods, modern computer simulation technologies for strategic planning of socio-economic systems of macro- and meso-level. In practice, the tools can be interesting for public authorities to solve problems in the formulation of innovative regional development strategies for the Russian regions, the formation of medium-term forecasts and the justification of the parameters of social, economic and budgetary policy.","PeriodicalId":33117,"journal":{"name":"Upravlenie","volume":"7 1","pages":"103-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69283442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International labor migration and its impact on national economies","authors":"N. Mikhailenko","doi":"10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-127-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-127-132","url":null,"abstract":"I t is a recognized fact that migration is one of the most important and significant conditions for the successful functioning of the labor market. This article discusses issues related not only to simple migration, but also directly with the international migration of labor. In particular, its impact on the labor supply of national economies has been analyzed, including the impact of labor migration on the formation of the domestic labor market and the total labor potential of society and the state. Directions of interrelation of migration of the population in a key of influence on national economies of the States have been allocated and analyzed.This paper, among other things, provides a classification of modern international migration, identifies five main types of such migration. Studies have been carried out on the dependence and further impact of the type of migration on the domestic economies of States and the international economic situation as a whole. As a result, we consider the positive and negative consequences of labor migration and immigration of the population, as well as their further impact on the reorganization of national economies.The study analyzes the aspects of legislative and legal regulation of migration, including the possibility and basis of such processes in the territory of the Russian Federation. The conclusions drawn up in this article allow us to speak about the impossibility of an unambiguous interpretation of the impact of labor migration on the social and economic indicators of States, since at the same time there are both negative and positive criteria that equally have a direct impact on the categories in the development of international labor migration.","PeriodicalId":33117,"journal":{"name":"Upravlenie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69283453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}