Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets最新文献

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Studies of space charge in electrically aged low density polyethylene 电老化低密度聚乙烯的空间电荷研究
Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets Pub Date : 2002-12-10 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.2002.1042935
M. Lança, E. Neagu, J. Marat-Mendes
{"title":"Studies of space charge in electrically aged low density polyethylene","authors":"M. Lança, E. Neagu, J. Marat-Mendes","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2002.1042935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2002.1042935","url":null,"abstract":"Space charge in electrically aged LDPE was studied using a recently developed technique combining isothermal charging and discharging with non-isothermal measurements. Samples were aged in a NaCl aqueous solution at 40/spl deg/C for 1500 h under an AC field of 6 MV/m (50 Hz). The samples were then isothermally DC charged and discharged (both currents recorded). Next a non-isothermal experiment with constant heating rate was performed. Finally, the sample was kept at the highest temperature and the final isothermal discharge current registered. The last step has to be carried on for a long time to ensure an almost complete discharge of the remnant charge so that results become reproducible and possible to analyze. Selective charging (careful choice of the field, temperature and the ratio of charging/discharging times) revealed the presence of different trapping sites. From the analysis of the isothermal and non-isothermal data the relaxation times and activation energies could be obtained.","PeriodicalId":331115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128325830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Gas diffusion expansion-increased thickness and enhanced electromechanical response of cellular polymer electret films 气体扩散膨胀-多孔聚合物驻极体膜厚度增加和机电响应增强
Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets Pub Date : 2002-12-10 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.2002.1042976
M. Paajanen, H. Minkkinen, J. Raukola
{"title":"Gas diffusion expansion-increased thickness and enhanced electromechanical response of cellular polymer electret films","authors":"M. Paajanen, H. Minkkinen, J. Raukola","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2002.1042976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2002.1042976","url":null,"abstract":"With a high-pressure gas treatment it is possible to force extra gas inside a cellular polymer film structure, expand the film and thus reduce the film stiffness. A permanent increase in the film thickness can be in the range of 100% when using ambient temperature of about 90/spl deg/C and gas pressure of about 20 bar during an 8-min long gas expansion process. High-pressure treatment at lower temperatures will increase the elastic nature of the film expansion and thus decrease the permanent increase in the film thickness. The results show that a clear increase in the electromechanical response up to 480 or 330 pCN/sup -1/ was achieved with 45 or 60 /spl mu/m thick polypropylene sample films, respectively. The corresponding gas contents were 48 and 39%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":331115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"84 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133787329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 53
Thermal stability of polarization structures in corona-charged P(VDF-HFP) copolymer films 电晕带电P(VDF-HFP)共聚物薄膜极化结构的热稳定性
Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets Pub Date : 2002-12-10 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.2002.1042962
Y. Gorokhovatsky, V.G. Boitzov, D. Rychkov
{"title":"Thermal stability of polarization structures in corona-charged P(VDF-HFP) copolymer films","authors":"Y. Gorokhovatsky, V.G. Boitzov, D. Rychkov","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2002.1042962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2002.1042962","url":null,"abstract":"The trapping of charge carriers in localized states on the surface of /spl beta/-crystallites in P(VDF-HFP) films has been studied by means of a novel voltage recovery technique. It has been found that a phase transition from /spl alpha/-non polar to the /spl delta/-polar configuration takes place under the process of charge injection. Using experimental measurements and appropriate analysis, we determine the energy distribution of the traps located near the /spl beta/-crystallites surfaces, and estimate the spatial dimensions of the molecular dipoles to be about 11-12 nm. The industrial application method was suggested in order to improve the thermal stability of charge and polarization in corona-charged copolymer films.","PeriodicalId":331115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121871625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Poly(vinylidene fluoroethylene-trifluoroethylene) based high performance electroactive polymers 聚(偏二氟乙烯-三氟乙烯)基高性能电活性聚合物
Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets Pub Date : 2002-12-10 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.2002.1042975
Q.M. Zhang, F. Xia, Z.Y. Cheng, Haisheng Xu, Heng Li, M. Poh, Cheng Huang
{"title":"Poly(vinylidene fluoroethylene-trifluoroethylene) based high performance electroactive polymers","authors":"Q.M. Zhang, F. Xia, Z.Y. Cheng, Haisheng Xu, Heng Li, M. Poh, Cheng Huang","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2002.1042975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2002.1042975","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports two classes of electroactive polymers developed recently which exhibit very high strain and elastic energy density. In the first class of the electroactive polymer, i.e., the defect structure modified poly(vinylidene fluoroethylene-trifluoroethylene) polymers, an electrostrictive strain of more than 5% and an elastic energy density above 1 J/cm/sup 3/ can be induced under a field of 150 MV/m. The large electrostrictive strain in this class of polymers originates from the local molecular conformation change between the trans-gauche bonds and all trans bonds, which accompanies the field induced transformation from the non-polar phase to the polar phase. The second class of the polymer is an all-organic composite, which shows a very high dielectric constant (>400) and high strain induced with a low applied electric field (2% strain under 13 MV/m). The strain is proportional to the square of the electric field and the composite has an elastic modulus near 1 GPa.","PeriodicalId":331115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125851475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
The resolution of thermal profiling techniques 热剖面技术的分辨率
Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets Pub Date : 2002-12-10 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.2002.1042974
B. Ploss
{"title":"The resolution of thermal profiling techniques","authors":"B. Ploss","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2002.1042974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2002.1042974","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematically, the determination of a polarization profile from pyroelectric data measured by the Laser Intensity Modulation Method (LIMM) or Laser Induced Thermal Pulse (LITP) is an ill-posed problem. This means that a variety of very different polarization profiles can be found which are all consistent with the experimental data. A common rule which avoids artifacts is to choose the smoothest profile (the principle of parsimony). Thereby, however, structures can be lost which may actually be contained in the experimental data. An optimum evaluation which extracts all the structures of a polarization profile which are significantly supported by the experimental data but which avoids the creation of artifacts requires to know the resolution of the thermal profiling techniques. Starting from the propagation properties of thermal waves and using a partial deconvolution this resolution has been derived. It is given in dependence of the precision of the experimental data and the frequency range of the experiment.","PeriodicalId":331115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125974431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Cellular electrets -from polymer granules to electromechanically active films 细胞驻极体——从聚合物颗粒到机电活性薄膜
Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets Pub Date : 2002-12-10 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.2002.1042977
J. Raukola, N. Kuusinen, Mika Paajanen
{"title":"Cellular electrets -from polymer granules to electromechanically active films","authors":"J. Raukola, N. Kuusinen, Mika Paajanen","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2002.1042977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2002.1042977","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes how to study, develop and manufacture cellular electret films for ingenious applications. In order to create a cellular film, the polymer has to be equipped with fillers. These can be foam nucleating agents, where chemical reaction takes place or fillers, which produce cracks during film stretching. The third method to expand the film into a porous structure is to use the gas diffusion expansion method. The most critical things in determining the final porous structure are the material choice, additives and production method of the film. When porous film has been achieved the film has to be charged to get a permanent electric charge inside the film. The aim is to have electric charge on every single surface level of the porous film. Charging circumstances (charging pressure, charging in different gases, corona level) affect the electret. The electrical properties of the polymer itself is the most impressive element to define the final electret level. The principle of measuring the permanent electric charge at different temperature and the sensitivity levels of the porous film are also described in this study.","PeriodicalId":331115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127126687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Patterned piezoelectricity in charged, cellular polymers for air-borne ultrasound devices 用于机载超声装置的带电细胞聚合物的图案压电性
Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets Pub Date : 2002-12-10 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.2002.1042943
H. Hoislbauer, R. Schwodiauer, S. Bauer-Gogonea, S. Bauer
{"title":"Patterned piezoelectricity in charged, cellular polymers for air-borne ultrasound devices","authors":"H. Hoislbauer, R. Schwodiauer, S. Bauer-Gogonea, S. Bauer","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2002.1042943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2002.1042943","url":null,"abstract":"Soft, flexible and sensitive piezoelectric materials are in demand for applications, like piezoelectric phased arrays for direction sensitive acoustic wave detection and emission. Here we report on air-borne ultrasound generation with novel piezoelectric polymers: charged, cellular polypropylene foams from VTT Chemical Technology. Based on polymer foams, two focusing devices have been developed and acoustically characterised: spherical acoustical sound generators and acoustical Fresnel zone plates. Both devices may pave the way for simple tools for non-destructive materials inspection.","PeriodicalId":331115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"95 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128909116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Dynamic space charge behaviour in polymeric DC cables 聚合物直流电缆的动态空间电荷行为
Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets Pub Date : 2002-12-10 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.2002.1042936
Rasmussen, Claus Nygaard, Mogens Henriksen
{"title":"Dynamic space charge behaviour in polymeric DC cables","authors":"Rasmussen, Claus Nygaard, Mogens Henriksen","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2002.1042936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2002.1042936","url":null,"abstract":"The use of extruded insulation for DC cables involves a risk of local electric field enhancement, caused by a space charge build-up within the dielectric. In this work, the theory of charge generation and transport in polymers is applied in a numerical computer model in order to predict the formation and transport of space charges in a polymeric dielectric. The model incorporates the processes of field assisted electron-hole pair generation from impurity atoms, trapping and charge injection at the electrodes. Its aim has been to study the field- and temperature dependent dynamic behaviour of a dielectric. Results obtained using this model-based framework are compared to measurement results obtained from Laser Induced Pressure Pulse (LIPP) space charge measurements as well as conductivity measurements on selected cable type samples.","PeriodicalId":331115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127553282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Charge trapping and stability in dielectrics deduced from isothermal and non-isothermal measurements 从等温和非等温测量推导出介电体中的电荷俘获和稳定性
Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets Pub Date : 2002-12-10 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.2002.1042956
J. Marat-Mendes, E. Neagu
{"title":"Charge trapping and stability in dielectrics deduced from isothermal and non-isothermal measurements","authors":"J. Marat-Mendes, E. Neagu","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2002.1042956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2002.1042956","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanisms of charge transport and trapping, in highly insulating polymers, can not be investigated properly by a unique (isothermal or nonisothermal) technique. Should the trapping time be high, the isothermal discharging time can be very long with the consequence that the discharging current becomes very low but there is still charge trapped in the sample. By sequential use of the isothermal charging, discharging, the final thermally stimulate discharge current and the final isothermal discharging current techniques, the charge dynamic in highly insulating materials can be investigated. A sequential protocol for the investigation of the trapping sites and trapped charge stability is proposed. The method is demonstrated for Teflon FEP-A. By using a selective charging, thermally stimulated discharge current peaks are obtained whose position shifts with formation conditions and are characterized by activation energies around 1.3-1.4 eV. The relaxation time of the trapped charge, at 523 K, increases as the amount of charge stored in the material decreases, providing evidence of a field-assisted detrapping process. The method is particularly useful for the temperature range where the thermal movement is important and/or the contributions from dipoles and space charge are equally important.","PeriodicalId":331115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122388795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The anomalous change of dielectric parameters in glassy films under illumination 光照下玻璃膜介电参数的异常变化
Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets Pub Date : 2002-12-10 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.2002.1042965
G. Bordovsky, V.A. Bordovsky, R. Castro
{"title":"The anomalous change of dielectric parameters in glassy films under illumination","authors":"G. Bordovsky, V.A. Bordovsky, R. Castro","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2002.1042965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2002.1042965","url":null,"abstract":"The photoinduced change of dielectric properties of chalcogenide glasses were investigated. It was found that the integrated and monochromatic light lead to the change of the value and shape of the dispersion curves of dielectric permittivity /spl epsiv/ and dielectric losses tg /spl delta/.","PeriodicalId":331115,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 11th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"268 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123266289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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