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Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series最新文献

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How Income Mobility and Income Growth Explain Income Inequality Trends 收入流动性和收入增长如何解释收入不平等趋势
Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2640805
N. Hérault
{"title":"How Income Mobility and Income Growth Explain Income Inequality Trends","authors":"N. Hérault","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2640805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2640805","url":null,"abstract":"Jenkins and Van Kerm (2006) show how income inequality trends can be explained by income mobility and the equalising effect of panel-income changes. This paper extends their framework to show explicitly how the distributional effect of panel-income changes depends on the respective size and distribution of income gains and losses. An application to US data illustrates the contribution of the approach. One of the new insights of the application to US data for the 1970/2009 period is that most of the equalising effect of income growth occurs through income gains rather than income losses even in times of recession. The analysis also reveals some interesting trends regarding income mobility and the business cycle. Classification-D31, D63","PeriodicalId":331095,"journal":{"name":"Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123068041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Effect of Compulsory Engagement on Youth Crime 强制劳动对青少年犯罪的影响
Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2015-06-25 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2623303
Nikhil Jha
{"title":"The Effect of Compulsory Engagement on Youth Crime","authors":"Nikhil Jha","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2623303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2623303","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the potential incapacitation effect on various categories of crime committed by youth offenders. I exploit exogenous variation generated by the increase in school-leaving age and compulsory education or work requirement in the state of New South Wales, Australia from 15 to 17. Using incidents of crime committed by offender of different age-group incorporates incapacitation effect on crimes that do not necessarily lead to arrests. Comparative Interrupted Time-Series analysis is used to model differential trend in crime using panel data extending several pre- and post-policy periods. Results show that the policy substantially reduced incidents of crime against property, particularly by male offenders. Classification-I28, K42","PeriodicalId":331095,"journal":{"name":"Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122146500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Can Having Internal Locus of Control Insure Against Negative Shocks? Psychological Evidence from Panel Data 拥有内在控制点能防止负面冲击吗?来自小组数据的心理证据
Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2015-06-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2616082
H. Buddelmeyer, Nattavudh Powdthavee
{"title":"Can Having Internal Locus of Control Insure Against Negative Shocks? Psychological Evidence from Panel Data","authors":"H. Buddelmeyer, Nattavudh Powdthavee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2616082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2616082","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate whether the intensity of emotional pain following a negative shock is different across the distribution of a person’s locus of control – the extent to which individuals believe that their actions can influence future outcomes. Using panel data from Australia, we show that individuals with strong internal locus of control are psychologically insured against becoming a victim of property crime and death of a close friend, but not against the majority of other life events. The buffering effects vary across gender. Our findings thus add to the existing literature on the benefits of internal locus of control.","PeriodicalId":331095,"journal":{"name":"Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130348873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Evidence on Credit Constraints, University Attendance and Income Contingent Loans 信用约束、大学出勤率和收入或有贷款的证据
Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2014-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2532763
Buly A. Cardak, C. Ryan
{"title":"Evidence on Credit Constraints, University Attendance and Income Contingent Loans","authors":"Buly A. Cardak, C. Ryan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2532763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2532763","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of credit constraints on university participation are investigated in a setting where income contingent tuition loans are available to students. Students most likely to face credit constraints have the same or higher probability of attending university as all other students, given their high school achievement. A novel approach to handle potential bias arising from unobserved heterogeneity is proposed. An estimate of unobservable heterogeneity based on post-secondary plans reported during ninth grade is constructed. This estimate is found to explain university attendance but does not overturn results regarding the effects of credit constraints.","PeriodicalId":331095,"journal":{"name":"Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130333097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
NAPLAN Scores as Predictors of Access to Higher Education in Victoria NAPLAN分数作为维多利亚州接受高等教育的预测指标
Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2519864
B. Houng, Moshe Justman
{"title":"NAPLAN Scores as Predictors of Access to Higher Education in Victoria","authors":"B. Houng, Moshe Justman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2519864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2519864","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the extent to which year-9 performance on the National Assessment Program—Language Arts and Numeracy (NAPLAN) predicts access to higher education as determined by subsequent achievement on year-12 Victoria Certificate of Education (VCE) exams. VCE performance is measured via three binary indicators: achieving an Australian tertiary admission rank (ATAR) above 50 (\"ATAR50\"), above 70 (\"ATAR70\"), and above 90 (\"ATAR90\"); and two continuous indicators: ATAR and the Tertiary Entrance Aggregate (TEA). We find that a four-way classification of year-9 NAPLAN results explains 35% of the variance in ATAR50, 37% in ATAR70 and 26% in ATAR90; and NAPLAN scores and basic demographic indicators explain 38% of the variance in ATAR and 42% of the variance in TEA values. Examining the joint effect of year-9 NAPLAN scores and socio-economic status in predicting VCE outcomes, we find that while both are significant, NAPLAN scores have a much stronger effect. At the school level, we find that predictions of success rates based on NAPLAN scores and basic demographic indicators explain over 82% of the variance in school achievement in each of the binary indicators.","PeriodicalId":331095,"journal":{"name":"Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124470072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Re-Employment Expectations and the Eye of Providence 再就业预期与天意之眼
Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2474519
Sonja C. de New (née Kassenboehmer), Sonja G. Schatz
{"title":"Re-Employment Expectations and the Eye of Providence","authors":"Sonja C. de New (née Kassenboehmer), Sonja G. Schatz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2474519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2474519","url":null,"abstract":"Using a nationally representative panel dataset, this study investigates the extent and impact of systematic misconceptions of the currently unemployed concerning their statistical reemployment probability, affecting their labor market behavior in a sub-optimal way. Specifically, people with unemployment experience of 3 to 5 years significantly underestimate their objective re-employment probabilities as determined by the econometrician’s all-seeing ‘Eye of Providence’. Simply having information concerning the individuals’ previous unemployment experience is sufficient to make more accurate predictions than the individuals themselves. People who underestimate their re-employment probability are less likely to search actively for a job and indeed more likely to exit the labor force. If re-employed, they are more likely to accept lower wages, work fewer hours, work part-time and experience lower levels of job satisfaction. This information can be used by employment agency case workers to counsel clients better and prevent client adverse behavior and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":331095,"journal":{"name":"Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128484269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Attrition Bias in Panel Data: A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing? A Case Study Based on the MABEL Survey 小组数据中的损耗偏差:披着狼皮的羊?基于MABEL调查的个案研究
Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2458776
T. Cheng, Pravin K. Trivedi
{"title":"Attrition Bias in Panel Data: A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing? A Case Study Based on the MABEL Survey","authors":"T. Cheng, Pravin K. Trivedi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2458776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2458776","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the nature and consequences of sample attrition in a unique longitudinal survey of medical doctors. We describe the patterns of non-response and examine if attrition affects the econometric analysis of medical labour market outcomes using the estimation of physician earnings equations as a case study. We compare the econometric gestimates obtained from a number of different modelling strategies, which are as follows: balanced versus unbalanced samples; an attrition model for panel data based on the classic sample selection model; and a recently developed copula-based selection model. Descriptive evidence shows that doctors who work longer hours, have lower years of experience, are overseas trained and have changed their work location are more likely to drop out. Our analysis suggests that the impact of attrition on inference about the earnings of general practitioners is small. For specialists, there appears to be some evidence for an economically significant bias. Finally, we discuss how the top-up samples in the Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life survey can be used to address the problem of panel attrition.","PeriodicalId":331095,"journal":{"name":"Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130003209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Late Start with Extra Schooling: The Effect of School Entry-Age Increase and the Introduction of Preparatory Year 晚入学与补习:入学年龄提高与预科制的影响
Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2464897
Nikhil Jha
{"title":"Late Start with Extra Schooling: The Effect of School Entry-Age Increase and the Introduction of Preparatory Year","authors":"Nikhil Jha","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2464897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2464897","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the combined effect of school entry-age increase and the introduction of preparatory year (pre-school) on educational achievement using a difference-in-difference specification. Achievement is assessed using the score on national standardized tests across a range of subjects. The analysis uses the change in state policy across two states in Australia to estimate the effect. Policies were enacted in different years and affect different cohorts. I find positive effects for several subjects across different grades. Results are robust to falsification tests. However, cohorts starting school during the policy implementation period seem to have been adversely affected.","PeriodicalId":331095,"journal":{"name":"Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series","volume":"18 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125005768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Outcomes for Teenage Mothers in the First Years after Birth 青少年母亲在出生后最初几年的结果
Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2435025
G. Kalb, T. Le, Felix Leung
{"title":"Outcomes for Teenage Mothers in the First Years after Birth","authors":"G. Kalb, T. Le, Felix Leung","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2435025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2435025","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares the educational, employment, health and partnership outcomes of teenage mothers with outcomes of women first giving birth in their twenties and those without children. The study finds that teenage motherhood has a range of negative effects, some of which worsen over time (e.g. educational outcomes) and others diminish over time (e.g. employment effects). Although some of the associations of teenage motherhood with poorer outcomes in the first years after birth are unlikely to be causal since they disappear after ensuring treatment and control group are comparable, other associations remain strong. Propensity score matching analysis suggests that relative to childless women: teenage mothers are less likely to complete Year 12, be employed, and be in good health; they are more likely to smoke; and have less personal income.","PeriodicalId":331095,"journal":{"name":"Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126586373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
The Measurement of Cognitive Ability in Wave 12 of the HILDA Survey HILDA调查第12波中认知能力的测量
Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2369079
M. Wooden
{"title":"The Measurement of Cognitive Ability in Wave 12 of the HILDA Survey","authors":"M. Wooden","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2369079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2369079","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a statistical overview of three new cognitive ability measures collected in wave 12 of the HILDA Survey: (i) Backwards Digit Span; (ii) the Symbol Digits Modalities Test; and (iii) a 25-item version of the National Adult Reading Test. The paper: analyses willingness to participate (as reflected in item response); examines the evidence on the performance of the measures and the extent to which scores were influenced by external circumstances, interview mode, and interviewers; reports summary descriptive data; and presents cursory evidence on the extent to which the measures are predictive of outcomes, and more specifically the hourly wage among working-age employees.","PeriodicalId":331095,"journal":{"name":"Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research Working Paper Series","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127389600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
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