{"title":"Anteroom to the Forint: Monetary Law Aspects of the Temporary Period of Issuing Money in Hungary under the Supervision of the Temporary National Government (1944–1945)","authors":"Milan Töreki","doi":"10.14712/2464689x.2022.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2022.44","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the destruction of the Hungarian currency caused by the Second World War. The devastation caused by Nazi collaboration and the Soviet Red Army had an impact on the Hungarian “pengő”. The occupying Soviets tried to take advantage of all this and interfered with the circulation of money to increase their own political influence. They printed their own banknotes, which were later used to pay by the Hungarian National Bank. The Provisional Government tried to stop inflation after the war and then tried to resist Soviet pressure and to restore cash flow in Hungary, as well.","PeriodicalId":33021,"journal":{"name":"Pravnehistoricke studie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67050712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role ženy a její vývoj v evropském nástupnickém právu","authors":"Petr Nohel","doi":"10.14712/2464689x.2022.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2022.36","url":null,"abstract":"Although the history of European law of succession is colourful, changes in its conception have been continuous, especially in case of transferring the claims. They have not been adopted equally consistently by all states in which the monarchy order is still an integral part of the legal system. We can find out the trend of transition from more rigorous forms (such as Salic or Agnatic law) to the current absolute primogeniture, which is gradually applied across whole continent. In some countries there we can find significant divergence between this successor order and older nobelmen orders. The status of women became over time more equal to the status of men, but at the same time women gradually lost their exclusive position that was reserved for them by previous orders.","PeriodicalId":33021,"journal":{"name":"Pravnehistoricke studie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67050961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Právnické vzdělávání za socialismu. Kolokvium s pamětníky přibližující fungování Právnické fakulty UJEP v Brně v období socialismu","authors":"Jan Kabát","doi":"10.14712/2464689x.2022.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2022.48","url":null,"abstract":"A Colloquium Report","PeriodicalId":33021,"journal":{"name":"Pravnehistoricke studie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48161302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Od „posledního“ k „nejbližšímu“ dědici? K vývoji postavení manželky v česko-rakouském a československém dědickém právu","authors":"Ondřej Horák","doi":"10.14712/2464689x.2022.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2022.38","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the changes in the position of the wife in law of succession (both as an intestate heir and as a person entitled to the forced share) in the Czech lands from the middle of the 18th century to the present day, and also with discussions about the adjustment of her inheritance-legal position in Czech-Austrian jurisprudence at the beginning of the 20th century (during the recodification of ABGB) and in the 1920s (in connection with the interwar recodification). The evolution of law of succession in the Czech-Austrian area and in the European context is characterized by the strengthening of the position of spouses; in the domestic regulation of law of succession as a whole and especially in the intestate succession, we can see a shift from “consanguinity” to consideration of “needs” and “merit”. In the Czech lands, however, there is a different approach in the intestate law, where the position of the wife was gradually strengthened (the turning point was in particular the 1st sub-amendment of the ABGB in 1914, inspired by the German BGB in 1896), and when regarding the forced share, where her position (unlike in Austria) has not yet been improved (despite repeated efforts at the beginning of the 19th century during the finalization of the ABGB, at the beginning of the 20th century during the preparation of the amendment of the ABGB, in the 20s of the 20th century in connection with the interwar recodification, and at the beginning of the 21st century during the preparation of the 2012 Civil Code).","PeriodicalId":33021,"journal":{"name":"Pravnehistoricke studie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67050532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Atentáty v československých dejinách","authors":"Alexandra Letková","doi":"10.14712/2464689x.2022.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2022.40","url":null,"abstract":"In the study, the author focuses on the various assassinations that are connected with the Czechoslovak history. The term „assassination“ has no legal definition, so in the beginning of the study we will first think about its content. Based on the definition, we will identify the assassinations in every period of Czechoslovak history. The body of the study is divided into four parts, derived from effect of the Criminal codes and from the constitutional development in the state. The primary aim of the study is the analysis of assassinations, especially from a legal point of view, i.e., from the point of view of legal responsibility or the impact of assassinations as material source on the origin of law. The secondary aim of the work is to approach several interpretations that relate to assassinations and the impact of the analyzed events on historical memory.","PeriodicalId":33021,"journal":{"name":"Pravnehistoricke studie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67050656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vývoj právní úpravy dohod o pracích konaných mimo pracovní poměr","authors":"Jan Machala","doi":"10.14712/2464689x.2022.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2022.45","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the development of agreements on work performed outside employment relationship in the Czechoslovak and Czech legal system on the background of the contemporary context. Agreements on work performed outside employment relationship are a traditional institution of Czech and Slovak labour law, which is not found anywhere else in the world. The reason for their creation is related to the economic needs of Czechoslovakia in the socialist era. The article discusses the contemporary context of the creation of such agreements, their original legal regulation in the previous Labour Code (Act No. 65/1965 Sb.), important amendments and the reasons that led to them, and the legal regulation of agreements in the new Labour Code (Act No. 262/2006 Sb.). The knowledge gained from the study of agreements on work performed outside employment relationship is used to present de lege ferenda considerations.","PeriodicalId":33021,"journal":{"name":"Pravnehistoricke studie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67050813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dědičnost slezských knížectví v ženské linii ve středověku a raném novověku","authors":"Marek Starý","doi":"10.14712/2464689x.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"In the 14th century, Silesia became one of the lands of the Bohemian Crown. In reality, however, it was a collection of small duchies whose rulers recognised the sovereignty of the Bohemian kings. In the event of the extinction of the ruling family, its land was forfeited to the king and the fiefdom became an immediate duchy. This study aims to address the question of the extent to which Silesian dukedoms were hereditary in the female line. To this end, individual specific cases in which this question was solved in the 14th–17th centuries are collected and these are then comprehensively evaluated.","PeriodicalId":33021,"journal":{"name":"Pravnehistoricke studie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67050293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Padovani, A. Lʼinsegnamento del diritto a Bologna nellʼetà di Dante","authors":"Miroslav Černý","doi":"10.14712/2464689x.2022.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2022.31","url":null,"abstract":"Book review on Padovani, A. Lʼinsegnamento del diritto a Bologna nellʼetà di Dante. Bologna: Società editrice il Mulino, 2021, 140 s.","PeriodicalId":33021,"journal":{"name":"Pravnehistoricke studie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47833378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dve strany jednej mince – úbohá alebo veselá vdova? Právne postavenie vdovy v súkromnom práve konca 19. a v prvej polovice 20. storočia na území Slovenska","authors":"Miriam Laclavíková, A. Švecová","doi":"10.14712/2464689x.2022.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2022.21","url":null,"abstract":"The study introduces the peculiarities of the private law status of the widow in Hungarian law and subsequently in Czechoslovak law, specifically in the legal sphere of Slovakia and Carpatian Ruthenia. It notes the respect and preservation of traditionalism in the view of the originally medieval institution of widow’s law and the efforts to gradually transform its content and scope (also in the draft of the Hungarian Civil Code of 1900). The study had to deal with the specific nature of the sources – the basis of the widow’s private law status was in fact the provisions of the Provisional Judicial Rules of the Judicial Conference (1861), legal custom, established judicial practice and only partial statutory regulation. The failure of codification efforts in the field of Hungarian civil law and the subsequent reception of the law into the Czechoslovak legal order led to the preservation of this platform of sources of law – and thus also certain relics of medieval law – in the law in force in the territory of Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia. The study approaches the widow through her broadly understood widow’s right (ius viduale), competing with the husband’s legal heirs, and its place in the period of constructed modernity.","PeriodicalId":33021,"journal":{"name":"Pravnehistoricke studie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67050299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}