UHD Journal of Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Relationship between Attitudes and Blood Glucose Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chamchamal Town, Kurdistan, Iraq","authors":"H. Mohammed, Samir Y. Lafi","doi":"10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp82-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp82-91","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is an endocrine disorder characterized by a progressive elevation in blood glucose levels. It is a persistent and incapacitating illness that may result in mortality if not properly managed. Objectives: The objective of this research is to explore the relationship between the attitudes of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their ability to regulate blood glucose levels. In particular, the study aims to investigate the potential correlation between participants’ attitudes and their capacity to manage blood glucose levels following their participation in an educational program. Moreover, the research seeks to analyze the association between individuals’ attitudes and diabetes control. Ultimately, the study intends to evaluate the levels of participants’ attitudes through appropriate measures. Materials and Methods: The study is designed as a cross-sectional investigation and utilizes data from a diabetic outpatient center in Chamchamal. The study population consists of outpatients from the evening public clinic and chronic disease control center. Participants are required to complete questionnaires on their diabetes attitude. The study was conducted between August 11, 2019, and January 5, 2022. To explore the efficacy of the attitude with diabetes control, we used a correlation coefficient test and a t-test with P-value of 0.05 as our alpha level of significance. Results and Conclusion: The study found that the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had low levels of educational attainment, were married and had insufficient monthly income. In addition, 85% of the patients reported not smoking, and 48.3% were classified as overweight. These findings highlight the need for health-care providers to consider sociodemographic factors in the management of diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":32983,"journal":{"name":"UHD Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46833681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Missing value imputation Techniques: A Survey","authors":"W. Hameed, Nzar A. Ali","doi":"10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp72-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp72-81","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous of information is being accumulated and placed away every day. Big quantity of misplaced areas in a dataset might be a large problem confronted through analysts due to the fact it could cause numerous issues in quantitative investigates. To handle such misplaced values, numerous methods were proposed. This paper offers a review on different techniques available for imputation of unknown information, such as median imputation, hot (cold) deck imputation, regression imputation, expectation maximization, help vector device imputation, multivariate imputation using chained equation, SICE method, reinforcement programming, non-parametric iterative imputation algorithms, and multilayer perceptrons. This paper also explores a few satisfactory choices of methods to estimate missing values to be used by different researchers on this discipline of study. Furthermore, it aims to assist them to discern out what approach is commonly used now, the overview may additionally provide a view of every technique alongside its blessings and limitations to take into consideration of future studies on this area of study. It can be taking into account as baseline to solutions the question which techniques were used and that is the maximum popular.","PeriodicalId":32983,"journal":{"name":"UHD Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45979340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of Load Balancing and Performance Analysis Processes and Algorithms in Cloud Computing","authors":"A. Kanbar, K. H. Faraj","doi":"10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp71-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp71-77","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern IT industry, cloud computing is a cutting-edge technology. Since it faces various challenges, the most significant problem of cloud computing is load balancing, which degrades the performance of the computing resources. In earlier research studies, the management of the workload to address all resource allocation challenges that caused by the participation of a large number of users has received important attention. When several people are attempting to access a given web application at once, managing all of those users becomes exceedingly difficult. One of the elements affecting the performance stability of cloud computing is load balancing. This article evaluates and discusses load balancing, the drawbacks of the numerous methods that have been suggested to distribute load among nodes, and the variables that are taken into account when determining the best load balancing algorithm.","PeriodicalId":32983,"journal":{"name":"UHD Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45330091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver Fluke Species Identification Isolated From Humans and Animals Using PCR-RFLP and DNA Sequencing","authors":"Vilya Shwan Othman, Abdullah A. Hama, Dana Taib Garib, Rostam Hama Zorab","doi":"10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp66-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp66-70","url":null,"abstract":"Fasciola species are a member of flatworms belonging to the trematodes (flukes), commonly known as liver fluke, they are extremely pathogenic parasites that affect the liver of humans and animals, nowadays, most laboratories and research facilities use molecular-based techniques for identifying and describing Fasciola species. The molecular diagnostic markers such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and PCR-RFLP methods are accurate and more specific than the immunological and microscopical methods. The identification of the species of liver flukes will give a new clue for the treatment and control of fascioliasis. The aim, of this study, is to find the molecular characterization of Fasciola spp. isolated from humans and animals in Sulaimani city. The flukes were isolated from humans using endoscopic techniques and from slaughtered livestock at the new slaughterhouse of Sulaimani, 48 liver flukes were collected from different hosts; human (n = 3), cattle (n = 20), sheep (n = 20), and goats (n = 5) from October 2021 to April 2022. The uinversal primers ribosomal Deoxy Ribo Nuclic Acid (rDNA) were used, then the PCR products were subjected to restriction fragment polymorphism (RFLP) assay and The PCR Product was digested with restriction enzymes DraII, also the DNA sequencing was used for the PCR product of the primer Cytochrome Oxidase subuint 1 (COX1). The results of the PCR-RFLP of the 28s rDNA show the genetic polymorphisms among the flukes and two patterns of RFLP were observed F. hepatica, and F. gigantica, also the sequence analysis of the partial gene of the COX1 showed the isolated flukes belonged to F. hepatica and F. gigantica with some genetic variation, and the result of the sequences was deposited in the Gene Bank under the following Accession numbers; F. gigantica (OP718780 and OP718781) and F. hepatica (OP718782, OP718783, and OP718784). The present study concludes thatF. hepatica and F. gigantica are both responsible for human and animal Fasciolasis in Kurdistan-Iraq, Therefore, RFLP techniques and DNA sequencing are a reliable, and differential method for species and genotyping identification of liver fluke.","PeriodicalId":32983,"journal":{"name":"UHD Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47181201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on IoT Intrusion Detection Systems Using Supervised Machine Learning: Techniques, Datasets, and Algorithms","authors":"Azeez Rahman Abdulla, Noor Ghazi M. Jameel","doi":"10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp53-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp53-65","url":null,"abstract":"Physical objects that may communicate with one another are referred to “things” throughout the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. It introduces a variety of services and activities that are both available, trustworthy and essential for human life. The IoT necessitates multifaceted security measures that prioritize communication protected by confidentiality, integrity and authentication services; data inside sensor nodes are encrypted and the network is secured against interruptions and attacks. As a result, the issue of communication security in an IoT network needs to be solved. Even though the IoT network is protected by encryption and authentication, cyber-attacks are still possible. Consequently, it’s crucial to have an intrusion detection system (IDS) technology. In this paper, common and potential security threats to the IoT environment are explored. Then, based on evaluating and contrasting recent studies in the field of IoT intrusion detection, a review regarding the IoT IDSs is offered with regard to the methodologies, datasets and machine learning (ML) algorithms. In This study, the strengths and limitations of recent IoT intrusion detection techniques are determined, recent datasets collected from real or simulated IoT environment are explored, high-performing ML methods are discovered, and the gap in recent studies is identified.","PeriodicalId":32983,"journal":{"name":"UHD Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49313525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kurdish Kurmanji Lemmatization and Spell-checker with Spell-correction","authors":"Hanar Hoshyar Mustafa, Rebwar M. Nabi","doi":"10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp43-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp43-52","url":null,"abstract":"There are many studies about using lemmatization and spell-checker with spell-correction regarding English, Arabic, and Persian languages but only few studies found regarding low-resource languages such as Kurdish language and more specifically for Kurmanji dialect, which increased the need of creating such systems. Lemmatization is the process of determining a base or dictionary form (lemma) for a specific surface pattern, whereas spell-checkers and spell-correctors determine whether a word is correctly spelled also correct a range of spelling errors, respectively. This research aims to present a lemmatization and a word-level error correction system for Kurdish Kurmanji Dialect, which are the first tools for this dialect based on our knowledge. The proposed approach for lemmatization is built on morphological rules, and a hybrid approach that relies on the n-gram language model and the Jaccard Coefficient Similarity algorithm was applied to the spell-checker and spell-correction. The process results for lemmatization, as detailed in this article, rates of 97.7% and 99.3% accuracy for noun and verb lemmatization, correspondingly. Furthermore, for spell-checker and spell-correction, accordingly, accuracy rates of 100% and 90.77% are attained.","PeriodicalId":32983,"journal":{"name":"UHD Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46886969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of Alphabetic Character Recognition Systems: A Review","authors":"Hamsa D. Majeed, Goran Saman Nariman","doi":"10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp32-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp32-42","url":null,"abstract":"Character recognition (CR) systems were attracted by a massive number of authors’ interest in this field, and lot of research has been proposed, developed, and published in this regard with different algorithms and techniques due to the great interest and demand of raising the accuracy of the recognition rate and the reliability of the presented system. This work is proposed to provide a guideline for CR system construction to afford a clear view to the authors on building their systems. All the required phases and steps have been listed and clarified within sections and subsections along with detailed graphs and tables beside the possibilities of techniques and algorithms that might be used, developed, or merged to create a high-performance recognition system. This guideline also could be useful for readers interested in this field by helping them extract the information from such papers easily and efficiently to reach the main structure along with the differences between the systems. In addition, this work recommends to researchers in this field to comprehend a specified categorical table in their work to provide readers with the main structure of their work that shows the proposed system’s structural layout and enables them to easily find the information and interests.","PeriodicalId":32983,"journal":{"name":"UHD Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46083721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECG Signal Recognition Based on Lookup Table and Neural Networks","authors":"M. Al-Ani","doi":"10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp22-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp22-31","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocardiograph (ECG) signals are very important part in diagnosis healthcare the heart diseases. The implemented ECG signals recognition system consists hardware devices, software algorithm and network connection. An ECG is a non-invasive way to help diagnose many common heart problems. A health-care provider can use an ECG to recognize irregular heartbeats, blocked or narrowed arteries in the heart, whether you have ever had a heart attack, and the quality of certain heart disease treatments. The main part of the software algorithm including the recognition of ECG signals parameters such as P-QRST. Since the voltages at which handheld ECG equipment operate are shrinking, signal processing has become an important challenge. The implemented ECG signal recognition approach based on both lookup table and neural networks techniques. In this approach, the extracted ECG features are compared with the stored features to recognize the heart diseases of the received ECG features. The introduction of neural network technology added new benefits to the system implementing the learning and training process.","PeriodicalId":32983,"journal":{"name":"UHD Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42597280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformer-Based Neural Network Machine Translation Model for the Kurdish Sorani Dialect","authors":"Soran S. Badawi","doi":"10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp15-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp15-21","url":null,"abstract":"The transformer model is one of the most recently developed models for translating texts into another language. The model uses the principle of attention mechanism, surpassing previous models, such as sequence-to-sequence, in terms of performance. It performed well with highly resourced English, French, and German languages. Using the model architecture, we investigate training the modified version of the model in a low-resourced language such as the Kurdish language. This paper presents the first-ever transformer-based neural machine translation model for the Kurdish language by utilizing vocabulary dictionary units that share vocabulary across the dataset. For this purpose, we combine all the existing parallel corpora of Kurdish – English by building a large corpus and training it on the proposed transformer model. The outcome indicated that the suggested transformer model works well with Kurdish texts by scoring (0.45) on bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU). According to the BLEU standard, the score indicates a high-quality translation.","PeriodicalId":32983,"journal":{"name":"UHD Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41395624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer-Aided Diagnosis for the Early Breast Cancer Detection","authors":"Miran Hakim Aziz, Alan Anwer Abdulla","doi":"10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp7-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v7n1y2023.pp7-14","url":null,"abstract":"Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system is a prominent tool for the detection of different forms of diseases, especially cancers, based on medical imaging. Digital image processing is a critical in the processing and analysis of medical images for the disease diagnosis and detection. This study introduces a CAD system for detecting breast cancer. Once the breast region is segmented from the mammograms image, certain texture and statistical features are extracted. GLRLM feature extraction technique is implemented to extracted texture features. On the other hand, statistical features such as skewness, mean, entropy, and standard deviation are extracted. Consequently, on the basis of the extracted features, SVM and kNN classifier techniques are utilized to classify the segmented region as normal or abnormal. The performance of the proposed approach has been investigated via extensive experiments conducted on the well-known MIAS dataset of mammography images. The experimental findings show that the suggested approach outperforms other existing approaches, with an accuracy rate of 99.7%.","PeriodicalId":32983,"journal":{"name":"UHD Journal of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49103523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}