Revista Economia y Politica最新文献

{"title":"Jóvenes universitarios y su apuesta al emprendimiento social","authors":"Pedro Fabián Mora Pacheco, J. C. Aguirre Quezada, N. G. Álava Atiencie, Juan F. Cordero López","doi":"10.25097/REP.N30.2019.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25097/REP.N30.2019.01","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste articulo tiene como proposito analizar el rol de la norma subjetiva y del ecosistema universitario, y sus efectos en la intencion emprendedora de los estudiantes de las distintas carreras de la Facultad de Ciencias Economicas y Administrativas de la Universidad de Cuenca. Este trabajo de investigacion es parte del proyecto internacional “Potencial para el Emprendimiento Social en America Latina” de las universidades que conforman el Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP). La investigacion cuenta con: una orientacion metodologica cuantitativa, herramientas como la encuesta y la revision bibliografica y, tecnicas de analisis como la regresion multiple, la mediacion estadistica y estadisticos descriptivos. Los resultados indican que, un ecosistema universitario adecuado motiva y refuerza la intencion para llevar a cabo emprendimientos sociales y; la aprobacion por parte de familia, amigos y profesores para que el universitario emprenda es fundamental. Palabras claves: Ecosistema universitario, Emprendimiento social, Intencion emprendedora, Norma Subjetiva, Universidad de Cuenca. EnglishThis aims at analyzing the role of the subjective norm and the university ecosystem, and its influence on the entrepreneurial intention of students in different careers of the Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences at the University of Cuenca. This research work is part of the international project entitled: \"Potential for Social entrepreneurship in Latin America\" of the universities that are part of the Accreditation Council for Business schools and Programs (ACBSP). The methodology employed in this study is quantitative and the analysis techniques include: a survey, a bibliographic review as well as multiple regression, statistical mediation, and descriptive statistics. The results indicate that an adequate university ecosystem motivates and reinforces the intention to carry out social entrepreneurships. In addition, the family, friends, and teachers approval is vital for the university student to undertake a social project. Key words: University Ecosystem, Social Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Intention, Subjective Norm, University of Cuenca.","PeriodicalId":32952,"journal":{"name":"Revista Economia y Politica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49102123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efecto del bono de desarrollo humano en el gasto en salud y educación en Ecuador utilizando Propensity Score Matching","authors":"Jessica Guamán, Estefanía Lara, R. Alvarado, Pablo Ponce","doi":"10.25097/REP.N30.2019.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25097/REP.N30.2019.02","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the Human Development Bonus on health and education spending in Ecuador using Propensity Score Matching. We use microdata obtained from the 2013-2014 Living Conditions Survey published by the National Institute of Statistics and Census of Ecuador. We estimate two sets of models. In the first, we estimate OLS regressions, where the dependent variable is the amount spent on health and education and the independent variable is whether or not the person receives the Human Development Bonus. In the second, using discrete choice models, we estimate the effect of receiving the BDH on the probability that a person spends on education and health. In order to reduce the bias produced by the non-comparability of the data, we compare the results with PSM and without PSM between those who receive the transfer and those who do not. The results show that BDH beneficiaries spend less on health and education than those who do not. These results are consistent with the incorporation of a set of control variables related to the socioeconomic characteristics of the families. A possible policy implication based on our results is that the conditioned monetary transfer is not fulfilling the objectives of its creation. Consequently, social policies should guarantee that this type of programs are not an instrument of dependence that limits the capacities of people because this prevents the reduction of poverty and inequality.","PeriodicalId":32952,"journal":{"name":"Revista Economia y Politica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44029294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volatilidad cambiaria, metas de inflación y crisis financiera global. Evidencia para economías latinoamericanas","authors":"Eduardo Rosas Rojas, Javier Lapa Guzmán, Juan Carlos Baltazar Escalona","doi":"10.25097/REP.N30.2019.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25097/REP.N30.2019.07","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to identify the asymmetric effect generated by positive and negative impacts on the exchange rate volatility. In addition to determining the effect generated by the implementation of the inflation targeting regime (IT) and the global financial crisis (GFC) in the conditional variance of the main exchange rates of Latin America (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru). We use an asymmetric model of Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity, with t-student innovations (ARIMA-GJR-GARCH), applied on daily data from 1997 to 2019. The main findings show that, there is a greater impact of exchange rate depreciations on the exchange rate volatility. In addition, it was found that the IT regime has increased the exchange rate volatility, mainly in Brazil, Chile and Mexico. Finally, the 2008 GFC seems to have generated a climate of greater exchange rate volatility in the region.","PeriodicalId":32952,"journal":{"name":"Revista Economia y Politica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43127271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Análisis exploratorio de la apertura comercial del Ecuador frente a Perú y Colombia","authors":"Adrián Ramiro Alvarado Guzmán","doi":"10.25097/REP.N29.2019.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25097/REP.N29.2019.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to find the main determinants that mark the difference between the trade policy of Ecuador versus Colombia and Peru, paying more attention to the negotiation and ratification of trade agreements. This is a research focused on the areas of trade policy, foreign trade and international relations. It is a descriptive research made by means of bibliographic inquiry and statistical analysis, complemented with an analysis of perception through interviews directed to key informants from the public, private sector and academia.","PeriodicalId":32952,"journal":{"name":"Revista Economia y Politica","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69221124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparando sistemas de innovación: una revisión de la literatura sobre Alemania y China","authors":"Daniel Crespo Pazmiño","doi":"10.25097/REP.N29.2019.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25097/REP.N29.2019.05","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa globalizacion y el creciente desarrollo tecnologico experimentados en la ultima decada han reposicionado a la innovacion como el componente fundamental que las naciones y empresas precisan para ganar y mantener su ventaja competitiva. Por dicha razon, existe un creciente interes por el estudio de las dinamicas y politicas que influyen en el desarrollo y aplicacion de la innovacion. El presente trabajo, mediante una revision literaria, expone las aproximaciones metodologicas utilizadas dentro de estudios empiricos de sistemas nacionales de innovacion de Alemania y China. En ambos casos, se evidencia que el estudio academico contemporaneo de la innovacion toma lugar desde una perspectiva evolutiva, se enfoca en las vinculaciones entre los diferentes agentes e instituciones y su analisis contribuye al establecimiento de politicas para favorecer al desarrollo economico y bienestar social. EnglishGlobalization and the growing technological development experienced in the last decade have repositioned to innovation as the key component that nations and companies need to gain and maintain their competitive advantage. Hence, there is a growing interest in the study of the dynamics and policies that influence the development and implementation of innovation. This paper, through a literary review, presents the methodological approaches used within empirical studies of national innovation systems of Germany and China. In both cases, there is evidence that the contemporary academic study of innovation takes place from an evolutionary perspective, it focuses on the linkages between the different actors and institutions in a system, and its analysis contributes to the establishment of public policies to favor economic development and social welfare.","PeriodicalId":32952,"journal":{"name":"Revista Economia y Politica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69221129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efecto del capital humano en la brecha de ingresos: un enfoque utilizando propensity score matching","authors":"S. Robles, Pablo Ponce, R. Alvarado","doi":"10.25097/REP.N29.2019.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25097/REP.N29.2019.02","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl objetivo de la presente investigacion es examinar las brechas de ingresos en Ecuador mediante el metodo de Oaxaca (1973) y Blinder (1973) luego de utilizar el metodo Propensity Score Matching (PSM) para obtener observaciones estadisticamente equivalentes. Utilizamos los datos publicados por la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo del Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas y Censos (ENEMDU). Los resultados obtenidos concuerdan con la teoria de Mincer (1974), la escolaridad y la experiencia influyen positivamente en los niveles de ingresos, convirtiendose la escolaridad como la mas determinante. Luego, descomponemos las brechas de ingresos por sexo e informalidad laboral. Los resultados muestran que la brecha salarial responde tambien a las diferencias en las dotaciones de capital humano de la fuerza laboral. Las politicas dirigidas a disminuir las brechas de ingresos deben enfocarse al mejoramiento del nivel de instruccion de los trabajadores y generar escenarios para la igualdad de oportunidades. EnglishThe objective of the present investigation is to examine the income gaps in Ecuador through the method of Oaxaca (1973) and Blinder (1973) after using the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method to obtain observations statistically equivalents. We use the data published by the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment of the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (ENEMDU). The results obtained agree with the theory of Mincer (1974), schooling and experience influence positively in the levels of income, becoming schooling as the most determinant. Then, we break down income gaps by sex and labor informality. The results show that the wage gap also responds to differences in the human capital endowments of the labor force. Policies aimed at reducing income gaps should focus on improving the level of education of workers and generating scenarios for equal opportunities.","PeriodicalId":32952,"journal":{"name":"Revista Economia y Politica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47297522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inversión extranjera directa y libertad económica como determinantes del crecimiento económico de Ecuador en el corto y largo plazo","authors":"Cristian Ortiz, Andrea Salinas, R. Alvarado","doi":"10.25097/REP.N29.2019.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25097/REP.N29.2019.06","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa presente investigacion examina el efecto de la inversion extranjera directa y la libertad economica en el crecimiento economico en Ecuador. Se utilizo datos de series de tiempo del Banco Mundial y Heritage, correspondientes al periodo 1980-2017. A traves de la estimacion del Modelo Autorregresivo con Retardo Distribuido (ARDL) y el Modelo de Vector de Correccion de Error (VEC). Los resultados describen una relacion estable a corto plazo, pero los datos no demuestran la existencia de una relacion de cointegracion de largo plazo entre la inversion extranjera directa, libertad economica y crecimiento economico. Tambien encontramos asi causalidad unidireccional de la inversion extranjera directa hacia el crecimiento y desde la libertad economica hacia la inversion extranjera directa. Una implicacion de politica economica derivada de esta investigacion es el enfasis que debe realizar el gobierno en generar y mantener la disponibilidad de mano de obra, un buen ambiente macroeconomico, juridico y disminucion de barreras comerciales, ademas de generar subsidios no solo para atraer capital extranjero, sino tambien subsidios educativos que podrian ayudar a los pobres a alcanzar la cantidad minima de capital humano necesario para lograr generar encadenamientos productivos de la inversion foranea y las economias locales, esto con el fin de poder convertirse en pequenos emprendedores que ayuden a dinamizar las economias locales a largo plazo. EnglishThis research examines the effect of foreign direct investment and economic freedom on economic growth in Ecuador. Time series data from the World Bank and Heritage were used, corresponding to the 1980-2017 period. Through the estimation of the Autoregressive Model with Distributed Delay (ARDL) and the Error Correction Vector Model (VEC). The results describe a stable short-term relationship, but the data do not demonstrate the existence of a long-term cointegration relationship between direct foreign investment, economic freedom and economic growth. We also find unidirectional causality of direct foreign investment towards growth and from economic freedom to direct foreign investment. An implication of economic policy derived from this research is the emphasis that the government must make in generating and maintaining the availability of labor, a good macroeconomic, legal environment and reduction of trade barriers, as well as generating subsidies not only to attract foreign capital , but also educational subsidies that could help the poor to reach the minimum amount of human capital necessary to generate productive chains of foreign investment and local economies, this in order to be able to become small entrepreneurs that help to stimulate the economies long-term local.","PeriodicalId":32952,"journal":{"name":"Revista Economia y Politica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45214871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La auditoría forense, una perspectiva desde el currículo de las carreras de Contabilidad y Auditoría en el Ecuador","authors":"T. Cubero","doi":"10.25097/rep.n28.2018.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25097/rep.n28.2018.02","url":null,"abstract":"El presente trabajo analiza la importancia de la auditoria forense en los hechos de corrupcion en el Ecuador desde la optica de la Universidad y especificamente de los curriculos de las carreras de contabilidad y auditoria, tendiente a combatir, prevenir y minimizar estos acontecimientos que afectan a la sociedad y a la economia, sobre todo de los mas desposeidos. En los ultimos anos se observa una mayor preocupacion mundial por los hechos de corrupcion, de lo cual los paises latinoamericanos y el Ecuador en particular,  presentan frecuentes actos de corrupcion e impunidad, que han generado discusion en la sociedad, y que restan recursos de sus limitados presupuestos.","PeriodicalId":32952,"journal":{"name":"Revista Economia y Politica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49432885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estudio del riesgo financiero (5c) bajo el enfoque difuso","authors":"Kléber Antonio Luna Altamirano, William Henry Sarmiento, Jaime Tinto Arandes","doi":"10.25097/REP.N28.2018.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25097/REP.N28.2018.04","url":null,"abstract":"Among the risks that occur in the artisanal companies of the city of Cuenca-Ecuador, it is the one related to the business financial risk within the credit system, which is subject to comply with the requirements for obtaining a credit in a financial institution. The methodology presented in this article deals with the use of 5C techniques (Character, Capital, Capacity, Collateral Guarantees, Conditions of the Economy) under the scope of uncertainty, with the application of advanced tools of the fuzzy logic as the expertization, whose objective is that the company is placed in an appropriate category, and that management knows whether the financial institution can grant or not the respective credit. The development of this study allows every organization to have decision and foresight power when it comes to bank financing.","PeriodicalId":32952,"journal":{"name":"Revista Economia y Politica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42175544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El tratamiento de la evidencia digital, una guía para su adquisición y/o recopilación","authors":"P. Arevalo","doi":"10.25097/REP.N28.2018.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25097/REP.N28.2018.03","url":null,"abstract":"El tratamiento de la evidencia digital constituye un pilar fundamental en la investigacion forense; razon por la cual, se analizan los principales marcos de mejores practicas existentes y su aplicacion a un proceso de investigacion digital en nuestro pais, de manera que fundamente una propuesta para el debido tratamiento de evidencia para la adquisicion y/o recopilacion, la cual abarca las actividades de: identificacion, recoleccion y/o recopilacion, resguardo y traslado","PeriodicalId":32952,"journal":{"name":"Revista Economia y Politica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69221116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}