Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini最新文献

{"title":"СУЧАСНІ АСПЕКТИ РОЗВИТКУ КОАГУЛОПАТІЇ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ПРИ COVID‑19 ІНФЕКЦІЇ: ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ","authors":"Максим Олександрович Дудченко, С.М. Заєць, Роман Анатолійович Прихідько","doi":"10.31718/mep.2021.25.5-6.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2021.25.5-6.02","url":null,"abstract":"This review summarizes current knowledge about coagulation disorders associated with COVID-19 infection. Despite a significant amount of research, it is currently unclear whether COVID-19 is the direct cause of coagulopathic disorders or they occur as the infectious process progresses. Different authors have proposed several pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of coagulopathy in this disease. However, the most important is the release of a large number of cytokines that provoke interstitial inflammation, endothelial damage and activation of coagulation, in the pathogenesis of which the tissue factor plays a key role. Hyperinflammatory reactions lead to tissue damage, disruption of the endothelial barrier and uncontrolled activation of coagulation. In the lungs and, possibly, in other organs, under the influence of the virus, local damage to the vascular endothelium occurs, which leads to angiopathy, activation and aggregation of platelets with the formation of blood clots and concomitant consumption of platelets. Systemic hypercoagulation and hyperfibrinogenemia significantly increase the likelihood of large vessel thrombosis and thromboembolic complications, which are detected in 20–30% of patients in the intensive care units. Along with an increase in the level of cytokines in the blood, their content also increases in the lungs and in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Cytokine storm leads to systemic intravascular coagulation, multiple organ failure and death. The review also provides the rationale for the principles of managing patients with coagulopathy based on the known mechanisms of unique disorders inherent in COVID-19. It has been shown that the problem of the pathogenesis of the development of blood clotting disorders in COVID-19 infection remains relevant.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48124322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ПОКАЗНИКИ ЯКОСТІ ЖИТТЯ ОСІБ, ЩО ДОГЛЯДАЮТЬ ЗА ПАЦІЄНТАМИ З ДЕМЕНЦІЄЮ","authors":"О. В. Орлова, Лілія Валентинівна Животовська, Дмитро Іванович Бойко, Леся Анатоліївна Боднар","doi":"10.31718/mep.2021.25.5-6.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2021.25.5-6.04","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia is associated with decreased memory, impaired thinking, behavior and ability to perform daily functions. This condition mainly affects the elderly and is one of the main causes of disability. Dementia affects not only patients, their families and caregivers, but society as a whole. The number of people with dementia is on the rise worldwide, and prognosis generally indicates a significant increase in overall prevalence associated with population aging. A large number of patients with dementia are at home, where their family members perform the function of caring for them. With the progression of the disease, patients lose the ability to care for themselves on their own, so the question of outside care arises for their relatives. The aim of this study is to analyze the quality of life indicators in persons performing the function of caring for patients with dementia. It has been found that almost 80% of patients with dementia are cared for by their relatives. Caregivers are at risk of depression, anxiety and psychological stress. In this study, the authors identified factors influencing the mental health of caregivers, among which the degree of dementia and the patient's ability to perform daily activities were significant. In caregivers with a low level of mental tension, manifestations of social maladaptation were less common. Depending on the level of psychological stress, individuals with a high level of tension had lower indicators of quality of life on the scales \"physical functioning\" (p=0.003), \"role functioning due to physical condition\" (p<0.001), \"social functioning\" (p=0.04), \"role functioning due to emotional state\" (p=0.003), \"mental health\" (p=0,004). For this category of people, it is recommended to use counseling, psycho-educational activities aimed at understanding the improvement of quality of life.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45685530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ОСОБЛИВОСТІ БОЛЬОВОГО СИНДРОМУ У ХВОРИХ НА КРИЛОПІДНЕБІННИЙ ГАНГЛІОНІТ","authors":"І.А. Колісник, П. І. Ткаченко, Артур Іванович Панькевич, Андрій Михайлович Гоголь","doi":"10.31718/mep.2021.25.5-6.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2021.25.5-6.09","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance of the research. The features of complex anatomical and functional organization of the maxillofacial area, peripheral nervous system, as well as autonomic structures determine a variety of pathogenetic mechanisms of prosopalgia, among which the lesions of the pterygopalatine node are the most common. Despite the presence of a significant variety of clinical manifestations of pterygopalatine ganglionitis, the prevalence and variety of autonomic manifestations in this disease, the main complaint of patients is pain, the characteristics of which are quite different. The aim of our research was to study the nature of pain in patients with pterygopalatine ganglionitis. Material and methods of research. We examined 105 patients with pterygopalatine ganglionitis aged from 30 to 74 years. Patients were examined for the nature of pain and its intensity, the predominant time of onset and duration of pain attacks, the place of primary localization of pain and the area of its spread. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain intensity. Based on the intensity of pain and depending on the severity of the disease, all patients were divided into three groups: mild, moderate and severe pterygopalatine ganglionitis. With a mild severity of pterygopalatine ganglionitis, the intensity of pain attacks is 4-5 points, lasting up to 30 minutes and with a frequency of 1-3 times a day with localization within one or two anatomical areas. With moderate severity, the intensity of pain attacks is 5-7 points, lasting from 30 minutes to 1-2 hours and with a frequency of 4-5 times a day with the gradual spread of pain from one area to half of the face. The severe course is characterized by pain attacks of 8-10 points, lasting for 2 hours or more and with a frequency of attacks from 4 to 6-10 per day. In addition, the pain, occurring in one anatomical area, gradually spread to half of the face, radiating to neighboring areas. Thus, analyzing the features of the pain syndrome in patients with pterygopalatine ganglionitis, we can conclude: 1. The intensity of pain, which was determined by VAS, increases depending on the severity of ganglionitis and ranges from 4.3 points in mild to 8.75 in severe ganglionitis. 2. The duration and frequency of pain attacks increase from 30 minutes with a frequency of 1-3 seizures per day in patients with mild pterygopalatine ganglionitis, to 2 or more hours and 4-10 seizures per day in patients with severe ganglionitis. 3. The localization of pain attacks extends from one anatomical area in mild ganglionitis to half of the face with the possibility of irradiation of pain in severe ganglionitis. 4. These clinical symptoms should be used in determining the severity of pterygopalatine ganglionitis and the choice of treatment tactics in the future.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44840165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ГІСТОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЛІМФОЇДНИХ УТВОРЕНЬ ШЛУНКА І ТОНКОЇ КИШКИ У КЛІНІКО-ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧНОМУ ПРОФІЛІ БАБЕЗІОЗУ","authors":"І. І. Торяник","doi":"10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.06","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral lymphoid organs respond immediately to a decrease in the body's defence responses, and their localisation and morphological specificity account for their active involvement in immunogenesis (especially in animals). This fact accentuates the morpho-functional estimation of the lymphoid tissue condition with the purpose of timely diagnostics of starting deviations and preventing the development of decompensated changes. Thus, the analysis of histological changes of the latter in natural and experimental prototypes of babesiosis is relevant. The aim of the research is to define the role of histological changes of lymphoid masses in the stomach and small intestine in the formation of the clinical and pathogenetic profile of babesiosis. We studied the structural changes of lymphoid masses of the stomach and small intestine in animals with babesiosis postmortem by histological methods. Fixation was traditionally carried out in 12% aqueous formalin solution, dehydration in alcohol (30º to absolute), and pouring (paraffin/ celloidin). Staining was conducted with eosin and haematoxylin, Van Gizon, Brasche. Analysis was performed using an Olympus BX-41 microscope, Japan (x 100; x 200; x 1350). Verification was carried out by cytological, ultramicroscopic, molecular genetic methods (polymerase chain reaction) and in a biological experiment on animals. Analysis of specimens of the lamina propria in the gastric mucosa of the animals in the experimental group and clinical observation group established that the latter contained diffuse accumulations of the lymphoid tissue. Their dispersal involved different parts of the organ, including quite large areas. Haematoxylin and eosin staining gave a clear histological pattern with a marked contrast of fragments, which contributed to diagnostic resources. Lymphoid follicles were observed occasionally, their marginal, mantle zones were blurred. The germinative centres were not detected and did not show any lucency. Neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes and plasma cells predominated among the cellular leucocyte populations. Examination of the lymphoid apparatus of the small intestine showed predominantly diffuse nodular hyperplasia, which was widespread. A focal version of the nosological prototype was observed in individual specimens occasionally, presented as single cells (most often in the terminal parts of the organ). Histological changes of lymphoid masses of the stomach and small intestine in animals with babesiosis consisted in the development of expressive diffuse nodular hyperplasia with disorganization of the structure of lymphoid follicles, destruction of zonality of the latter, making it impossible to detect germinative centres.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48552206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"СОЦІАЛЬНО-ДЕМОГРАФІЧНІ ТА КЛІНІЧНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПАЦІЄНТІВ З АБУЗУСНИМ ГОЛОВНИМ БОЛЕМ В ПОЄДНАНІ З ХРОНІЧНИМ ГОЛОВНИМ БОЛЕМ НАПРУГИ","authors":"М Ю Дельва, Ірина Іванівна Дельва, Вікторія Анатоліївна Пінчук, Г. Я. Силенко, Анжеліна Михайлівна Кривчун","doi":"10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. A study of medication overuse headache (MOH) can define the risk group for MOH in patients with primary headaches. The aim of the research is to study the socio-demographic, clinical and pharmacotherapeutic characteristics of patients with MOH and chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). Material and methods. We examined 28 patients with MOH in combination with CTTH and 34 patients with CTTH. MOH and CTTH were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd revision. Anxiety and depressive signs were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; abdominal obesity was determined using waist circumference. Quantitative values were presented as the median and the interquartile range. Quantitative samples were analyzed according to Mann-Whitney U-test, qualitative samples - according to Fisher's exact test. Differences at p <0.05 were considered significant. Results. Patients with MOH and CTTH had the following characteristics: female gender - 79%, age - 41.0 (33.0-49.5) years, familyless state - 54%, higher education - 25%, employment - 46%, smoking - 43%, anxiety signs - 71%, depressive signs - 75%, cervicalgia - 36%, lower back pain - 61%, arterial hypertension - 21%, diabetes mellitus - 7%, abdominal obesity - 46%, mild traumatic brain injury - 43%, headache intensity - 5.0 (4.0-6.3) points on a visual analog scale, duration of headache attacks - 7.0 (5.0-8.3) hours, age of CTTH onset - 31,5 (23,0-41,0) years, duration of CTTH - 9.0 (6,8-10,3) years, duration of MOH – 15.5 (8.3-20.8) months. Patients with MOH and CTTH compared to patients with CTTH were significantly younger, had a history of traumatic brain injury, had significantly more headache days per month. Patients with MOH and CTTH overused combined analgesics (47%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (32%), triptans with analgesics (21%). Abortive medications had been used on 23.0 (18.0-28.5) days a month, in form of 32.0 (27.3 -41.8) doses a month.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41341065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ПЕРЕБІГ ГОСТРОЇ РЕСПІРАТОРНОЇ ХВОРОБИ COVID-19 УСКЛАДНЕНОЇ НЕГОСПІТАЛЬНОЮ ПНЕВМОНІЄЮ НА ТЛІ ПАТОЛОГІЇ СЕРЦЕВО-СУДИННОЮ СИСТЕМИ","authors":"Тетяна Анатоліївна Трибрат, Юрий Михайлович Казаков, Олена Олегівна Гончарова, Светлана Владимировна Шуть, Виктория Дмитриевна Сакевич","doi":"10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.03","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of the COVID-19 infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is one of the most significant and dangerous challenges of our time. To date, there is a decrease in the number of cases per day, but there is a variety in the course of the disease depending on sex, and the most vulnerable are elderly patients with comorbid pathology, therefore, the study of its features determines the relevance of this work. The aim of the research was to study the course of acute respiratory disease COVID-19, complicated by pneumonia, its gender features and the presence of a comorbid cardiovascular pathology. We examined 104 patients with acute respiratory COVID-19 disease, complicated by community-acquired pneumonia. We conducted general clinical methods of research, determined the SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA by PCR and chest X-ray in 2 projections or computed tomography (CT) to identify the features of the lung tissue damage. Among the cardiovascular pathology (35%) we observed coronary heart disease: stable angina pectoris FC (functional class) II-III - 85%, postinfarction cardiosclerosis - 30%, hypertension - 65%. Thus, a more pronounced intoxication syndrome of the variety of symptoms among women with acute respiratory COVID-19 disease, complicated by community-acquired pneumonia, is observed in women than in men, which must be taken into account, both in the diagnosis and treatment, assessment of prognosis of the development of the disease. \u0000The presence of a comorbid pathology of the cardiovascular system complicated the course of the underlying disease. It had a more pronounced clinical course in a combination of two or more diseases and was characterized by progressive arrhythmias, subendocardial myocardial ischemia, volume overload of the left and right ventricles. A combination of several comorbid conditions was the most unfavorable for a patient, since it increased the risk of community-acquired pneumonia, was accompanied by its severe course with the development of complications and lethal outcome.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42223750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"КЛІНІЧНИЙ ВИПАДОК ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ «ICON-INFILTRANT» В ТЕРАПЕВТИЧНІЙ СТОМАТОЛОГІЇ","authors":"Н. М. Браїлко, Ірина Михайлівна Ткаченко, Я. Ю. Водоріз, І.Я. Марченко, А. В. Лемешко","doi":"10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.07","url":null,"abstract":"Modern scientific and technological progress offers a new standard of treatment of odontopathology - infiltration of enamel with resins to seal cracks, chips and to level the surface in the affected area. The aim of the research is to introduce a conservative method for caries treatment using the polymer system \"Icon\" in the practice of therapeutic dentistry. Patient P., 20 years old, applied to the Department of Propaedeutics of Therapeutic Dentistry of PDMU with complaints of a tingling sensation from chemical stimuli, which disappeared immediately after their removal and the appearance of white matte spots on the vestibular surface of the maxillar teeth in the frontal area. From the anamnesis - the spots appeared after removing the brace system, which the patient had been wearing for 3 years. After the clinical examination, we diagnosed acute superficial dental caries 13,12,11,21,22,23. The treatment was performed in one visit with the Icon Vestibular system. Teeth are cleaned of plaque with a brush and fluoride-free toothpaste \"Depural Neo\". Under application anaesthesia with Sol. Lidocaini 10%, we isolated teeth with the rubber dam system. The lesions were treated with etching gel (Icon-Etch) 15% hydrochloric acid solution, left for 2 min, then washed off with water for 30 seconds, dried with dry air. To ensure high-quality adhesion of polymer resins, complete moisture removal was performed using ethanol-containing conditioner \"Icon-Dry\" for 30 seconds, followed by thorough air drying. To infiltrate the lesion, the vestibular nozzle was wound on the syringe \"Icon-Infiltrant\", infiltrate was carefully applied with a small excess on the etched enamel and left for 3 minutes. Excess was removed with floss and photopolymerized using \"Icon-Infiltrant\" for 40 seconds. For the second time, having screwed a new vestibular nozzle onto the \"Icon-Infiltrant\" syringe, the resin was applied for 1 minute. Excess material was removed and polymerized with ultraviolet light for 40 seconds. The rubber dam system was removed. The oxygen-inhibited layer was removed and the vestibular surfaces of the teeth were polished with the help of polishing discs and heads. As a result of the treatment, most of the stains disappeared, the colour, the shine of the tooth enamel 13,12,11,21,22,23 and the surface relief were restored. In 1 and 3 months after treatment, the visual and tactile examination of the vestibular surfaces of teeth revealed that the achieved aesthetic result slightly improved – the sizes of spots, which had been noticeable on the day of treatment decreased. The obtained result satisfied the patient both on the day of infiltration and in the long term. Follow-up examinations every 3 months during the year are recommended. Thus, this method allows us to stop the development of caries and non-carious lesions. It does not require anaesthesia; during treatment, intact areas of tissue are preserved and not damaged. Consequently, a high therapeutic and aestheti","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45729643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ Α-ГЛІЦЕРИЛФОСФОРИЛХОЛІНУ В СХЕМІ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ДЛЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ПІСЛЯ МОЗКОВОГО ПІВКУЛЬОВОГО ІШЕМІЧНОГО ІНСУЛЬТУ","authors":"Олександр Олександрович Пушко, Наталія Володимирівна Литвиненко","doi":"10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.02","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the influence of α-glycerylphosphorylcholine in the scheme of comprehensive therapy on the dynamics of functional recovery in patients with cerebral hemispheric ischemic stroke. Against the background of the progressive growth of acute cerebral infarction, the problem of timely care is relevant. Timely treatment of stroke, based on evidence-based medicine, along with early activation and rehabilitation of patients is designed to reduce mortality and subsequent disability of patients. Given that cholinergic insufficiency and structural and functional damage of neurons play an important role in the pathogenesis of post-stroke disorders, the use of medicines for their correction, in particular α-glycerylphosphorylcholine, is justified. Choline alfoscerate, a precursor of acetylcholine and phosphatidylcholine, is broken down by enzymes into choline and glycerophosphate when ingested, and the choline thus obtained is able to improve neuronal functionality in patients with neurodegenerative and vascular diseases. The study revealed a significantly better recovery of impaired motor and cognitive functions after cerebral hemispheric stroke under the influence of comprehensive therapeutic and rehabilitation measures using active rehabilitation methods in conjunction with α-glycerylphosphorylcholine. The results obtained during the study allow us to report the advantage of a combination of methods of active rehabilitation and the use of the pharmacological agent α-glycerylphosphorylcholine. The feasibility and efficacy of α-glycerylphosphorylcholine are related to its ability to reduce motor and cognitive deficits after ischemic stroke. The scheme of comprehensive treatment of patients in acute and restorative periods of cerebral hemispheric ischemic stroke with the use of α-glycerylphosphorylcholine helps to increase the effectiveness of functional recovery after an acute cerebral accident, and can be used in the use of therapeutic and rehabilitation programs for patients after cerebral hemispheric ischemic stroke to reduce the post-stroke deficit.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48373830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"НАВИЧКИ КЛІНІЧНОГО СПІЛКУВАННЯ У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЛІКАРЯ","authors":"Вячеслав Миколайович Ждан, Людмила Миколаївна Шилкіна, Олена Миколаївна Бєляєва","doi":"10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.04","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers some aspects of clinical communication between a doctor and a patient. The doctor’s profession inherently faces an indispensable requirement to possess a high level of communicative competence, because whatever the development of medical science and technology, the real help to patients is provided by a doctor. In this regard, various aspects of communication between doctors and patients are constantly in the focus of interest in natural and humanitarian spheres of research, as evidenced by numerous scientific studies of domestic and foreign scientists. The research is interdisciplinary and covers a range of issues related to medical psychology and medical pedagogy, medical ethics and deontology, sociology and sociolinguistics. The authors emphasize that in a patient-centered approach, the skills of clinical communication belong to basic clinical abilities, which minimize factors that can negatively affect the doctor’s success, promoting patient satisfaction with medical care and improving their psycho-emotional state, patient compliance, increasing the effectiveness of diagnosis, treatment, disease prevention, and palliative care. It is observed that the skills of clinical communication are complex and are manifested by the ability to choose appropriate tactics of communication with patients and their relatives, to create a trusting atmosphere and a comfortable psychological environment for the patient; possession of nonverbal and paraverbal components of communication; the ability to conduct educational work with the patient to maintain a healthy lifestyle and give up bad habits; the ability to maintain and encourage patient’s autonomy, prove information about possible complications; persuade the patient to comply; the ability to avoid conflicts or act adequately in a conflict situation with patients. The conclusions state that the skills of clinical communication should be formed from the first steps at a medical university, consolidating them during the entire period of study at the undergraduate and postgraduate stages, as well as refining them in the future through non-formal and informal education.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44147972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN ACTIVITY-BASED APPROACH TO TEACHING THE PAST TENSE IN MEDICAL ENGLISH FOR PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES","authors":"Y. Lysanets, O. Bieliaieva, I. Znamenska, H. Morokhovets, I. Rozhenko","doi":"10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.05","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper explores the methods for effective mastering the past tense relying on an activity-based approach following the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The aim of the research is to facilitate the teaching and revising the grammar material on the past simple (indefinite) tense, the past continuous (progressive) tense, and the past perfect tense in the process of training undergraduates, Ph.D. students, academic and clinical teachers at a medical university. The results of the research have been integrated into the 1st edition of “Medical English for Academic Purposes” (2018) and “Medical English for Public Health Purposes” (2021). The authors developed the methodological mechanisms to support courses in professional English at higher medical educational institutions through an activity-based approach, which ensures the effective acquisition of a foreign language, promotes the formation of a linguistic personality capable not only of communicating in all areas, but also of successful integration into the international community. The paper provides a wide range of scaffolding activities and methods: using visuals (graphic organizers, charts, etc.), selecting historically meaningful texts, peer-to-peer talk, strategic pairings, “real-life tasks” and modelling situations, the “fishbowl” model and others. The suggested methodological algorithm is feasible for both oral and written communication, reading and listening comprehension activities, group work, individual and self-directed work in class, as well as for in-class or self-paced learning, depending on the features of the curriculum and students’ English proficiency. The receptive aspect of teaching is represented by read-and-translate exercises, targeted texts describing significant events in the history of medicine, as well as true-false exercises to check students’ comprehension. Meanwhile, the reproductive aspect of teaching covers exercises involving opening the brackets, filling the blanks, as well as creating negative and interrogative forms of verbs. Eventually, the productive aspect of teaching is ensured by a wide range of creative speaking and writing activities and “real-life tasks”, aimed at developing students’ communicative competence in English for Professional Purposes (in-class speaking activities (peer-to-peer talk, class discussion). In addition, collecting family history is yet another pragmatically feasible task to revise and study past tenses. The application of an activity-based approach to teaching the past tenses at a medical university is highly effective to foster essential job-related skills, experience and professional readiness. The authors believe that this, in turn, will promote academic mobility and scientific cooperation, thus contributing to the development of higher medical education in Ukraine, which renders the research relevant.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69749380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}