Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN IMMUNITY AND LUNG LESIONS","authors":"О. Rekalova","doi":"10.31215/2306-4927-2023-31-2-13-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31215/2306-4927-2023-31-2-13-23","url":null,"abstract":"The review of the literature presents basic data on the mechanisms of pathogenesis of a new viral COVID-19 infection: viral damage, immune dysfunction, endothelial lesions. The features of immunological changes in the COVID-19-associated conditions of different severity and genesis of pulmonary lesions have been described. The results of studies on the features of pulmonary pathology in viral lung lesions, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive lung disease, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial asthma, active and latent pulmonary tuberculosis have been presented. Additionally, some pathological mechanisms leading to the formation of long-term disease and persistent changes in the lungs after COVID-19 (fibrosis, bronchiectasis, obstructive bronchiolitis, pulmonary thromboembolism) have been outlined. The autoimmune complications due to this viral infection and vaccination against COVID-19, the features of vaccine-induced immunity and the role of crossimmunological reactivity have been reviewed. Key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 virus, pathogenesis, immunity, lung damage.","PeriodicalId":328937,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal","volume":"519 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131931358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASPECTS OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION PATHOGENESIS AND PROGNOSIS FOR PATHOMORPHOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"L. Todoriko, Y. Feshchenko, I. Semianiv, M. Kuzhko, O. Shevchenko, R. Lyubevych","doi":"10.31215/2306-4927-2022-30-2-12-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31215/2306-4927-2022-30-2-12-22","url":null,"abstract":"To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has surpassed all other health issues around the world. The interaction between COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB), which remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease in the world, is important, as it can have serious consequences for both confirmed and underdiagnosed TB patients worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where TB is endemic and health services are poorly equipped. The aim of the study is to assess the prospects of the epidemiology of tuberculosis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequences of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, taking into account the current situation in Ukraine. Materials and methods. Test access to various full-text and abstract databases was used. Results. Pathomorphological changes in COVID-19 patients are due to the direct action of SARS-CoV-2, hyperactivity of the immune system, high levels of cytotoxicity of CD8 + T cells, autoimmune processes. In view of all the above, the governments of TB-affected countries must ensure the continuity and effective provision of TB services during COVID-19. This includes the protection of the most vulnerable groups, including protection from economic hardship, isolation, stigma and discrimination. The global response should identify and mitigate potential risks to the TB-control mission. Conclusions. COVID-19 has pushed back anti-TB efforts for nearly a decade. This failure is likely to affect the long-term increase in TB morbidity and mortality worldwide. With low vaccination rates in TB-endemic countries and the emergence of new genotypes of the virus, this trend is likely to continue. Key words: COVID-19, tuberculosis, pathogenesis, treatment, epidemiology","PeriodicalId":328937,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133478650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARISON OF GENEXPERT MTB/RIF AND GENOTYPE SYSTEMS WITH MTBDRPLUS STRIPS FOR DETECTION OF MUTATIONS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH M. TUBERCULOSIS RESISTANCE TO RIFAMPICIN IN TUBERCULOSIS","authors":"A. Zhurilo, A. Barbova, Yu. A. Cherednik, P. S. Trofimova, S. V. Mironchenko, O. Pavlova, A. Chernov, L. Sládková","doi":"10.31215/2306-4927-2022-30-4-34-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31215/2306-4927-2022-30-4-34-41","url":null,"abstract":"COMPARISON OF GENEXPERT MTB/RIF AND GENOTYPE SYSTEMS WITH MTBDRPLUS STRIPS FOR DETECTION OF MUTATIONS, ASSOCIATED WITH M. TUBERCULOSIS RESISTANCE TO RIFAMPICIN IN TUBERCULOSIS A. A. Zhurilo, A. I. Barbova, Yu. A. Cherednik, P. S. Trofi mova, S. V. Mironchenko, O. V. Pavlova, A. V. Chernov, L. M. Sladkova Summary The aim was to analyze the level of compliance of two molecular genetic methods GeneXpert MTB/RIF and GenoTypeDRplus in determining the drug resistance of M. tuberculosis to rifampicin when detecting mutations in the RRDR region associated with drug resistance. Object and methods. We studied strains of M. tuberculosis with resistance to rifampicin, which was detected by any of the studied molecular genetic methods. 96 sputum samples were taken. Sputum smears were examined for the presence of acid-fast bacteria by microscopy after staining with the Ziehl-Neelsen method. The material was inoculated into Middlebrook 7H9 broth and on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. The liquid medium was incubated in the BACTEC MGIT system. An immunochromatographic test was used to identify the strains. The drug susceptibility test of M. tuberculosis to rifampicin was performed using the BACTEC MGIT system. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF test was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The GenoTypeDRplus assay was performed on decontaminated and concentrated sputum samples. The process was carried out in three stages: DNA extraction from the processed sputum sample; amplification of the RRDR region by PCR; hybridization of the PCR product to specific oligonucleotide probes immobilized on the test strip. For sequencing, M. tuberculosis DNA isolation was performed using the QIAamp® DNA Mini Kit. The DNA concentration was measured on a Denovix Quantus spectrophotometer. Targeted panel amplification was performed using the Deeplex Myc-TB kit. Amplicon purification was performed using Agencourt AMPure XP magnetic beads. Quantitative analysis of the purified amplification products was performed using a Qubit fluorometer. The M. tuberculosis DNA library was prepared for sample sequencing using the Nextera XT DNA library preparation kit. The library used 5.0 μl of input DNA at a concentration of 0.2 ng/μl. Sequencing was performed on MiSeq equipment with the library normalization and denaturation protocol. Results and discussion. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF and MTBDRplus systems target the same 81 bp rifampicin resistance domain. (RRDR) subunits of bacterial RNA polymerase (rpoB) for mutation detection using DNA probes, i.e. there is a correspondence of probes to each other and an expected similarity of probe binding. We analyzed all sputum samples using GeneXpert MTB/RIF and GenoType MTBDRplus and phenotypic BACCTEC MGIT methods. The level of agreement between two molecular genetic methods for the detection of rifampicin-associated mutations in the RRDR region has been established. The RRDR 81bp region of the rpoB gene of mismatched cases was studied by sequencing. GeneXp","PeriodicalId":328937,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123469415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVOLUTION OF PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS IN THE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINE STATEMENTS","authors":"Y. Feshchenko, V. Gavrysyuk, N. Gorovenko, Y. Dziublyk, I. Liskina","doi":"10.31215/2306-4927-2021-29-3-5-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31215/2306-4927-2021-29-3-5-23","url":null,"abstract":"EVOLUTION OF PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS IN THE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINE STATEMENTS Y. I. Feshchenko, V. K. Gavrysyuk, N. G. Gorovenko, Y. A. Dziublyk, I. V. Liskina Abstract Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is specific form of chronic progressive interstitial fibrosing pneumonia of unknown nature, mainly occurring in patients > 50 years of age, limited to the lungs and associated with histological and/or radiological pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia. Epidemiological studies estimate that prevalence of ILF in different countries varies between 1,25 and 63 cases per 100 000 persons. Along with that, ILF is characterized by unfavorable prognosis — median survival time ranges within 2,5−3,5 years from the time of diagnosis. In 2000 American thoracic society (ATS) and European respiratory society (ERS) published first international statement on diagnosis and treatment of ILF — American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and treatment. International consensus statement. Data from studies, accumulated during next 10 years of research, determined the necessity of update of certain diagnostic criteria and principles of therapy. In this regard, a new guideline for diagnosis and treatment of IPF was published in 2011 and approved by ATS, ERS, Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) and Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT) — An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Statement: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Evidence-based Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management. A new update on “Treatment of IPF” was published in 2015, and chapter “Diagnosis” was updated later in 2018. Current literature review focuses on the principles and algorithms of IPF treatment and the changes in guidelines, occurred from the time of first Statement published. Summarizing review results, we can conclude, that evolution of diagnostics principles, which limited the indications for surgical lung biopsy for the purpose of diagnosis verification, is caused by explosive technological advances in the field of chest computed tomography. The capability of computed tomography has grown to such an extent, that in terms of morphological diagnosing this method can compete with histological examination. The changes in management principles were evoked by the revision of IPF pathogenesis mechanisms. Since 2000, most of the experts concluded, that fibrosis, rather than inflammation, was the leading link of pathogenesis. A fibrosing process, initially playing a reparative role, further due to unknown reasons, gains an uncontrolled progressive character. Accordingly, antifibrotic compounds, such as pirfenidone and nintedanib, came to substitute glucocorticosteroids, known for their powerful antiinflammatory potential. The publication also presents the review of most relevant randomized clinical trials on safety and efficacy of antifibrotic drugs — pirfenidone and nintedanib. Key words: idiopathic pulmonary fi","PeriodicalId":328937,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122603239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF LUNG TISSUE OF ADULT RATS AFTER EXPOSURE TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF ALIMENTARY DEPRIVATION","authors":"R. Yanko","doi":"10.31215/2306-4927-2023-31-1-72-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31215/2306-4927-2023-31-1-72-75","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to investigate and compare histomorphological changes in the lung tissue of adult rats after exposure to various types of alimentary deprivation (AD). Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 36 rats of Wistar lines at the age of 15 months. One group of experimental rats was under the influence of interval (1 day full fasting / 2 days standard diet) and the other – partial (reduced calorie diet by 30 % compared to control) AD. The total duration of the experiment was 28 days. Water access was free. Histological lung preparations were made according to the standard technique. Histo-morphometry of digital images was performed using the computer program “Image J”. Results. At the end of the experiment, exposed to partial AD rats demonstrated an increase in the relative area of the air spaces, the increase in the size of the lumen of the alveoli, their depth and width of the entrance to them, the decrease in the area of the parenchyma and stroma and the number of connective tissue elements. The data of histomorphometric parameters of the lungs of animals after exposure to the interval AD remained close to the control values. Reducing the thickness of the interalveolar septum may indicate the improvement of alveolarcapillary gas exchange. Conclusions. The severity of changes in the lungs of animals after the exposure of a partial AD was manifested to a much greater extent than after interval fasting. Changes in the main histomorphometric indicators of lung tissue, after the action of the AD, indicate the presence of signs of increased pulmonary airiness and improvement of gas exchange processes. Key words: alimentary deprivation, lung respiratory part.","PeriodicalId":328937,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130775238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BENIGN SOLITARY PULMONARY NODULES OF VASCULAR ORIGIN: FEATURES OF THE DIAGNOSTICS","authors":"I. Liskina, S. Kuzovkova, L. Zagaba, O. Melnyk","doi":"10.31215/2306-4927-2022-30-4-42-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31215/2306-4927-2022-30-4-42-46","url":null,"abstract":"Aim - retrospective analysis of the features of diagnosing of benign pulmonary nodules of vascular origin. Object and methods. During 2017-2021 393 patients were admitted to the clinic of SI “National Institute of phthisiology and pulmonology named after F. G. Yanovsky NAMS of Ukraine” with solitary pulmonary nodues (SPN) of less than 3 cm in size. In this cohort of patients in 20 cases solitary small pulmonary nodules of vascular origin were revealed. Diagnostic features were analyzed using 15 cytology and 22 histology examinations. With the purpose to distinguish between lung infarction and pulmonary infection additional histochemistry tests were done: 3 CilNilsen acid-fast bacilli staining and 4 Gomori-Grokot staining. Results. It has been established that this pathology occurs rarely among patients with SPN and accounted for 5,1% of cases. The average age of patients was 39,2 years, no gender preference was found. In the case of lung infarction, the patients’ anamnesis most often included surgical interventions for diseases of various organs and systems. Most nodules of vascular origin had well-defined contours and were round in shape. SPNs were located subpleurally in 55,0% of cases, and in 30,0% of them the fibrous strands or nodules were adjacent to the pleura. In the right lung, significantly more SPN were revealed than in the left — 69,6% vs 30,4%, respectively. According to size, the largest number of SLVs was determined in the range of 1,1-2,0 cm (56,6% of the nodes), and the average size was 2,1 cm. In total, in 19 (95,0%) cases, only surgical intervention followed by histological examination allowed establish a final diagnosis. Key words: solitary pulmonary nodule, diagnostics, lung infarction, thrombus-infarction pneumonia.","PeriodicalId":328937,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130665689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOVEL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY SARCOIDOSIS","authors":"V. Gavrysyuk, E. Merenkova, Y. Dziublyk, G. Gumeniuk, N. Morska, N. Pendalchuk, A. Yachnik, N. Vlasova, O. V. Strafun, O. Bychenko","doi":"10.31215/2306-4927-2022-30-2-48-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31215/2306-4927-2022-30-2-48-62","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory multi-systemic disease of unknown origin with wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Sarcoidosis may affect practically any organ — predominantly lungs, lymphatic system, skin, eyes alone or in combination. The disease is characterized by formation of non-caseous granuloma. In 1999 American Thoracic society (ATS), European Respiratory society (ERS) and World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous diseases (WASOG) adopted an international consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis «Statement on Sarcoidosis». Based on ATS, ERS and WASOG 1999 Statement the national documents such as “Evidence-based adapted clinical guideline on sarcoidosis” and “Unified clinical protocol of primary, secondary (specialized) and tertiary (highly-specialized) medical care for sarcoidosis” approved by MOH of Ukraine (decree # 634 dated 08 Sep 2014) were developed by current authors in Ukraine. In 2020 ATS experts published an updated «Diagnosis and Detection of Sarcoidosis. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline», according to which the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was based on 3 criteria: compatible clinical symptoms, presence of non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in one or more tissue samples (not always required) and exclusion of alternative causes of granulomatous disorder. Finally, in 2021 ERS task force report was published “ERS clinical practice guidelines on treatment of sarcoidosis”, which outlined completely new approaches to management of sarcoidosis patients. According to this document, a decision about treatment of patient depends on 2 major factors: risk of death or organ failure and deterioration of quality of life of a patient. In addition, main principle of management of sarcoidosis patients is a balance between: a) minimization of risk of disability or death due to lung injury and decrease of quality of life, and b) risk of comorbidity and reduction of quality of life due to corticosteroid or other therapies. Current review focuses on analysis of major statements of these documents, disputable questions of initial therapy choice in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Key words: pulmonary sarcoidosis, diagnosis, treatment, glucocorticosteroids, immunosuppressants, cytokine inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":328937,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132548028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SURGICAL TREATMENT OF RARE PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS CAUSED BY COVID-19: A CLINICAL CASE OF GIANT FALSE LUNG CYST COMPLICATED WITH HEMATOMA","authors":"M. Opanasenko, B. Konik, O. Tereshkovych, S. Shalagay, A. Stepaniuk, L. Levanda, M. Kalenychenko, V. Lysenko, M. Shamray, S. Bilokon, O. Shestakova","doi":"10.31215/2306-4927-2023-31-2-57-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31215/2306-4927-2023-31-2-57-59","url":null,"abstract":"A lung cyst is a pathologic cavity filled with air or fluid content. According to the morphological structure, lung cysts are divided into true and false. The former are always congenital, while false lung cysts are acquired. In the population, lung cysts are found in patients of both sexes equally often. According to statistics, about 76 people per 1000 people have a history of lung cysts. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the widespread use of chest computed tomography (CT) has made it possible to identify a number of pulmonary pathologies, including rare complications of this viral infection. According to the literature, the incidence of pulmonary cysts in the studied patients was 9.0 %. The authors suggest that COVID-19 causes cyst formation in the lungs due to ischemic damage to the parenchyma or vascular occlusion, pulmonary fibrosis. Another cause is blockage of bronchioles by mucus and mucus plugs, accompanied by excessive alveolar distension and, as a result, rupture of the alveolar septum with subsequent formation of small cysts. The article presents our own experience of surgical treatment of rare pulmonary complications caused by COVID-19, namely false giant lung cyst complicated by hematoma. Conclusions. COVID-19 is a relatively new and poorly understood viral lung disease, and therefore each report of its atypical or complicated course will contribute to the systematization of knowledge about this pathology. Key words: COVID-19, VATS, hematoma, cyst, computed tomography","PeriodicalId":328937,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123264926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEVERE COVID-19: A CROSS-SECTION REVIEW OF DATA FROM FIRST TWO YEARS OF PANDEMIC","authors":"O. Yakovenko, L. M. Dzhumaniuk, O. Hanin","doi":"10.31215/2306-4927-2023-31-1-57-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31215/2306-4927-2023-31-1-57-65","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to study demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological features of severe COVID-19 in hospitalized patients for 2020-2021 years. Materials and methods. This was a retrospective cohort study among severe COVID-19 adult (≥ 18 years) patients, admitted to Volyn Regional Hospital # 2 during 2020 (discharged with improvement (n = 101) or deceased (n = 70)) and 2021 (discharged with improvement (n = 156) or deceased (n = 112). Only severe COVID-19 patients (WHO score 6 or higher) were enrolled. Several parameters were assessed: demography, concomitant conditions, time to hospital admition, duration of hospital stay, vital signs and body temperature curve, oxygen saturation, laboratory and computed tomography (CT) data, effect of several treatment modalities and even lung histology findings. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. Results and discussion. Lethality index in 2020 was 9,66 % (n = 70), in 2021 — 11,6 % (n = 112) with no difference between severely ill patients subgroup. For both study years the mean age of deceased patients was higher than in cured patients. Time period to hospital admition was longer in 2020, wich in combination with lower mean oxygen saturation (88 % vs 81 %) value suggest later referral in 2020 than in 2021. Blood creatinine and glucose values were not associated with higher mortality. In severe COVID-19 patients, admitted in 2021, the most common CT patterns were diffused parenchymal lesions — 63,3 % vs 39 % in 2020 (р < 0,05) and diffused alveolar hemorrhage with capillaritis – 11,5 %. Atypical findings, pneumothorax with pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema are the distinctive features of the disease in 2021. In 2020 76 % of deceased patients received more than 3 antibiotics. The proportion of patients received more than 1 antibiotic was lower in 2021, but this has no effect on mortality. The proportion of deceased severe COVID-19 patients which required respiratory support was about the same in 2020 and 2021 (р > 0,05). In 2021 there was higher number od patients with more than 1 concomitant disease. In 2021 mortality was lower among vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 patients than among nonvaccined (р < 0,05), confirming the efficacy of immunization. Among those who died during 2020-2021 (n=33) the autopsy revealed diffused alveolar damage and signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome in 84,8 % of cases. Key words: severe COVID-19, clinical peculiarities, computed tomography of chest, prognostic factors.","PeriodicalId":328937,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal","volume":"66 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129610149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AND DIABETES MELLITUS COMORBIDITY","authors":"L. Todoriko, I. Semianiv","doi":"10.31215/2306-4927-2022-30-2-42-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31215/2306-4927-2022-30-2-42-47","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is a comprehensive retrospective assessment of the prevalence, features, course of treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity. Materials and methods. The study is based on an analysis of statistical data obtained from a retrospective study of 762 case histories and cases of MDR-TB in the register of tuberculosis patients from different regions of Ukraine and Grodno region of the Republic of Belarus for 2016-2020 years. In all patients MDR-TB was diagnosed retrospectively. The patients were allocated in two groups: group 1 — 88 patients with MDR-TB and DM comorbidity; group 2 — 674 patients with MDR-TB only. Results. In both study groups the recurrence of TB prevailed — 49 cases (55.7%) vs newly diagnosed TB 39 cases (44.3%) in the group 1 and 363 cases (53.9%) vs 311 (46.1%), respectively, in the group 2 (p <0.05). The rate of successful treatment in group 2 was higher than in group 1 (64.7% vs. 61.4%; (p <0.05)). However, more significant probable difference was characterized the cure rate: 27.3% in group 1 vs 40.3% in group 2 (almost 2 times; p <0.05). The rate of ineffective treatment, which in patients with comorbidity was 27.3% (almost every third patient) vs 17.6% in group 2 was also important for scientists and practitioners. Conclusions. There is a clear tendency to higher rate of comorbidities/ chemoresistance and relapses of TB in patients with comorbid DM. Pulmonary TB developed significantly more often in middle-aged patients with type 2 DM (moderate to severe, subcompensated and complicated course). Key words: resistant tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, carbohydrate metabolism, treatment.","PeriodicalId":328937,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129812201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}