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Information & Culture: A Journal of History最新文献

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"Hemisphere Training": Exporting the Psychological Self at the Inter-American Popular Information Program “半球训练”:美洲大众资讯计划的心理自我输出
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.7560/ic54303
R. Aitken
{"title":"\"Hemisphere Training\": Exporting the Psychological Self at the Inter-American Popular Information Program","authors":"R. Aitken","doi":"10.7560/ic54303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic54303","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the Inter-American Popular Information Program (IIP), a midcentury attempt to apply a set of psychological techniques in mass communication practices oriented to poor and \"illiterate\" populations in Central and South America. I argue that this program offers an instructive contrast to conventional accounts of social reconstruction and of the history of the \"social\" as an analytical category. These conventional accounts often frame postwar order narrowly as a grand political-economic compromise in which the \"social\" is conflated with the space of domestic social stability or a reified national space. The case of the IIP, however, emphasizes the multiplicity of ways—and geographies—in which the \"social purpose\" of world order was imagined especially in colonial and postcolonial settings. For the IIP, \"social stability\" was not to be achieved through the language of social security or domestic intervention but through the construction of a particular kind of homology between self and a world order, the construction of psychological selves \"fit\" for the requirements of a new internationalizing world order. Drawing upon archival records, this article argues for the importance of more complex and diverse accounts of postwar order and the social purposes in which it was implicated.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123433484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Tale of Two Networks: The Bell Telephone System and the Meaning of "Information," 1947–1968 两个网络的故事:贝尔电话系统和“信息”的意义，1947-1968
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2019-10-17 DOI: 10.7560/ic54302
Emily Goodmann
{"title":"A Tale of Two Networks: The Bell Telephone System and the Meaning of \"Information,\" 1947–1968","authors":"Emily Goodmann","doi":"10.7560/ic54302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic54302","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article explores a discursive debate that occurred during the mid-twentieth century among telephone users, institutional actors at Bell Telephone and American Telephone & Telegraph, and Bell Labs' engineers regarding the meaning of the term \"information.\" Telephone subscribers' use of telephone directory formats, so-called misuse of the information operator, and resistance to all-number calling clashed with telephone system engineers' definitions of information. This article argues that the telephone system rather than computing technologies served as a primary technological site of negotiation wherein a nonexpert definition of \"information\" was conceived by the general public during the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131760382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Collecting as Routine Human Behavior: Personal Identity and Control in the Material and Digital World 作为日常人类行为的收集:物质与数字世界中的个人身份与控制
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2019-10-17 DOI: 10.7560/ic54301
A. Dillon
{"title":"Collecting as Routine Human Behavior: Personal Identity and Control in the Material and Digital World","authors":"A. Dillon","doi":"10.7560/ic54301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic54301","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The human desire to collect objects is long recognized in historical and cultural studies where emphasis has been placed on memory institutions and their role in public life. Individual collecting, however, has been addressed primarily through the lens of wealthy obsessives or hoarders. Yet between these extremes, an interdisciplinary research literature has emerged since the late decades of the twentieth century that moves our understanding and focus from the psychoanalytic study of inner drives to the empirical study of objects in identity presentation and group membership. The normalization of collecting as a human activity offers a richer understanding of our relationship to objects through time and can accommodate the emergence of digital collectibles in contemporary studies. A model of collecting is presented that treats the collecting process as normal, extended, and representative of an individual's lived experience.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121785680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Archival Automation in the United Kingdom and the Relationship between Standardization and Computerization 英国档案自动化及标准化与电脑化的关系
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2019-05-24 DOI: 10.7560/IC54202
J. Bunn
{"title":"Archival Automation in the United Kingdom and the Relationship between Standardization and Computerization","authors":"J. Bunn","doi":"10.7560/IC54202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC54202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Continuing in a tradition of looking back at the history of the archival profession’s engagement with and response to computers, a story is told of early archival computerization and the development of standards in the UK from the mid-1960s to roughly the mid-1980s. Standardization and computerization initially emerged as separate threads, but these threads started to coalesce in the mid-1970s and soon became intertwined in a project of systematization. This project of systematization took as its focus the creation of finding aids, and archivists ceased to engage with the development of the principles of the new information technology and the ways in which meaning was being structured, represented, and manipulated inside these new “machines.”","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115924856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Innovation in Search of a Context: The Early History of Lexis 寻找语境的创新:词汇的早期历史
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2019-05-24 DOI: 10.7560/IC54204
Xiaohua Zhu
{"title":"Innovation in Search of a Context: The Early History of Lexis","authors":"Xiaohua Zhu","doi":"10.7560/IC54204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC54204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Lexis, the first commercial online full-text legal information service, illustrates how the purpose of and the audience for a system were configured by distinct relevant social groups with different goals and perspectives. This article traces the early history of Lexis in light of the social construction of the system and the mutual shaping that resulted from the reciprocal interactions of users and the technology. It analyzes how system users’ identities changed from anyone needing free-text search capability to legal professionals in large law firms and government agencies and how users influenced the design and development of the system.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121434767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Information in an Industrial Culture: Walter A. Shewhart and the Evolution of the Control Chart, 1917–1954 工业文化中的信息:Walter A. Shewhart和控制图的演变，1917-1954
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2019-05-24 DOI: 10.7560/IC54203
P. Bradford, P. Miranti
{"title":"Information in an Industrial Culture: Walter A. Shewhart and the Evolution of the Control Chart, 1917–1954","authors":"P. Bradford, P. Miranti","doi":"10.7560/IC54203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC54203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This study analyzes the factors that shaped Walter Shewhart’s 1924 development of the control chart at Bell Telephone Laboratories. The control chart is a graphical construct that uses probability theory to analyze deviations from expected levels of performance within systems of repetitive action. Although Shewhart’s innovative use of probabilistic information focused on monitoring conformity to production standards in mass manufacturing, his basic concepts continue to affect modernity through their extensive application in data analysis in business, engineering, and science.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132818379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Making Messages Private: The Formation of Postal Privacy and Its Relevance for Digital Surveillance 信息私密性:邮政隐私的形成及其与数字监控的关系
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2019-05-24 DOI: 10.7560/IC54201
Efrat Nechushtai
{"title":"Making Messages Private: The Formation of Postal Privacy and Its Relevance for Digital Surveillance","authors":"Efrat Nechushtai","doi":"10.7560/IC54201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC54201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the establishment of privacy in mediated communications in the United States. The Post Office Act of 1792, which transformed the informational environment by formalizing a nationwide communications network, banned letter opening, a norm that became the cornerstone of American privacy law. The article analyzes the circumstances that led to the articulation of this norm, contending that it rested on two pillars: a civic rationale that rejected government interference in personal communications, and a commercial rationale that prioritized user trust and market expansion. A comparison between the eighteenth-century discourse and current debates over digital surveillance is offered.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128442880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Revisiting "Shaping Information History as an Intellectual Discipline" 重新审视“塑造作为一门知识学科的信息史”
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.7560/IC54106
J. Cortada
{"title":"Revisiting \"Shaping Information History as an Intellectual Discipline\"","authors":"J. Cortada","doi":"10.7560/IC54106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC54106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Information is an emerging field of interest and concern to citizens, public officials, and scholars in many disciplines. This article acknowledges that problems exist in defining the subj...","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124167580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Curated Issue of Information & Culture: A Journal of History 《信息与文化:历史杂志》策划刊
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.7560/IC54101
Ciaran B. Trace
{"title":"Curated Issue of Information & Culture: A Journal of History","authors":"Ciaran B. Trace","doi":"10.7560/IC54101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC54101","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of Information & Culture brings together a curated set of previously published articles from the last two decades of the journal’s more than fifty-year history. These articles represent the wide scope of actors, disciplines, and viewpoints that have helped make the journal the space in which to frame and debate the nature of the information domain from a historical perspective. In new and thought-provoking essays accompanying the original articles, the authors look back on the contribution that these articles made to the intellectual life and growth of the journal and its subject matter, outlining:","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130687889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Failure or Future of American Archival History: A Somewhat Unorthodox View 美国档案历史的失败或未来:一个有点非正统的观点
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.7560/IC54102
R. Cox
{"title":"The Failure or Future of American Archival History: A Somewhat Unorthodox View","authors":"R. Cox","doi":"10.7560/IC54102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC54102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The quality of research on American archival history has been uneven and the quantity not very impressive. This essay reviews some of the highlights of American archival history research, especially the growing interest in cultural and public history that has produced some studies of interest to scholars curious about the history of archives. The essay also focuses more on why such research still seems so far removed from the interests of most archivists. The essay will consider some hopeful signs, such as the reemergence of records and recordkeeping systems as a core area for study, for a renewed emphasis on American archival history. While much needs to be done, I am optimistic that the golden age of historical research on American archives lies ahead.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121446256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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