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Information & Culture: A Journal of History最新文献

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Bourgeois Specialists and Red Professionals in 1920s Soviet Archival Development 20世纪20年代苏联档案发展中的资产阶级专家和红色专业人员
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.7560/IC53301
K. A. Kolar, Gemma Cirac-Claveras, Gabor Szommer, Uluğ Kuzuoğlu, Amelia Acker, M. Finn, Roderic N. Crooks, Marika Cifor, Edward A. Goedeken, J. Erickson
{"title":"Bourgeois Specialists and Red Professionals in 1920s Soviet Archival Development","authors":"K. A. Kolar, Gemma Cirac-Claveras, Gabor Szommer, Uluğ Kuzuoğlu, Amelia Acker, M. Finn, Roderic N. Crooks, Marika Cifor, Edward A. Goedeken, J. Erickson","doi":"10.7560/IC53301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC53301","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Immediately after the 1917 October Revolution the Bolsheviks began developing the most centralized archival system in the world, along with a new profession of “red archivists.” However, the development of archives and the archival profession in the 1920s Soviet Union was not simply the top-down implementation of Bolshevik political ambitions portrayed in official Soviet accounts and Cold War–era Western literature but an unexpectedly open negotiation of ideas and customs among actors with diverse professional and ideological backgrounds, including non-Marxist archival professionals, workers from other cultural professions, and young communists.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133584681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Codebooks for the Mind: Dictionary Index Reforms in Republican China, 1912–1937 心灵的密码本:民国时期的字典索引改革，1912-1937
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.7560/IC53304
Uluğ Kuzuoğlu
{"title":"Codebooks for the Mind: Dictionary Index Reforms in Republican China, 1912–1937","authors":"Uluğ Kuzuoğlu","doi":"10.7560/IC53304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC53304","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Faster access to information was an overwhelming concern for Chinese reformists during the Republican era (1912–1949). They claimed that the nonalphabetical nature of Chinese characters presented obstacles to indexing, a fundamental technology for efficient information access and retrieval. In a matter of three decades, nearly one hundred new indices were invented for Chinese characters. Competition over which indices would prevail was fierce, especially among dictionary publishers, which stood to benefit greatly in the nascent Chinese dictionary market. This article follows the two main publishing houses in China, Commercial Press and Zhonghua Press, that invented indices in order to dominate the market from the founding of the republic in 1912 to the start of the war against Japan in 1937. As dozens of inventors of indices made clear, however, indexing technologies were situated within a larger social context, and the invention and destruction of indices were sites of political and financial contestation.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114915798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parallel Expansions: The Role of Information during the Formative Years of the English East India Company (1600–1623) 平行扩张:信息在英国东印度公司形成时期的作用(1600-1623)
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.7560/IC53303
Gabor Szommer
{"title":"Parallel Expansions: The Role of Information during the Formative Years of the English East India Company (1600–1623)","authors":"Gabor Szommer","doi":"10.7560/IC53303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC53303","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the role of information in the early years of the English East India Company (EIC). It examines different aspects of the organizational behavior of the EIC between the years 1600 and 1623 and shows the interplay between physical expansion and the transformation of information-handling practices from several perspectives. Although the focus is on a single organization, this case study provides insights into the informational challenges faced by early modern trading companies and similar organizations coordinating operations on a global scale.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134434062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The Weather Privateers: Meteorology and Commercial Satellite Data 天气私有者:气象和商业卫星数据
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.7560/IC53302
Gemma Cirac-Claveras
{"title":"The Weather Privateers: Meteorology and Commercial Satellite Data","authors":"Gemma Cirac-Claveras","doi":"10.7560/IC53302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC53302","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the changing framework for producing satellite weather data in the United States since the 2000s, from a government function to one increasingly carried out by the private sector. It explores the controversial attempts to commercialize the production of a particular data source (atmospheric profiles obtained with radio occultation) from the perspective of executives of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), members of Congress, atmospheric and climate scientists, and the private sector. It addresses their opposing arguments by focusing, in particular, on the stresses and pressures within NOAA and its resistance to acquiring such data from commercial providers. In so doing, the article discusses the connections between commercial activities and meteorology and, more generally, the relations between science and commerce.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130030790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rethinking the Call for a US National Data Center in the 1960s: Privacy, Social Science Research, and Data Fragmentation Viewed from the Perspective of Contemporary Archival Theory 重新思考20世纪60年代美国国家数据中心的呼声:当代档案论视角下的隐私、社会科学研究和数据碎片化
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2018-04-13 DOI: 10.7560/IC53204
Christopher Loughnane, William Aspray
{"title":"Rethinking the Call for a US National Data Center in the 1960s: Privacy, Social Science Research, and Data Fragmentation Viewed from the Perspective of Contemporary Archival Theory","authors":"Christopher Loughnane, William Aspray","doi":"10.7560/IC53204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC53204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article reconsiders from current archival perspectives the debate surrounding the failed proposal for a national data center in the 1960s. Whereas most accounts of the 1960s effort to construct a national data center in the United States focus on privacy issues, this account focuses more broadly on contextualizing the concerns of the social science community regarding the fragmented state of data archives and on explaining why that moment in particular was a crucial culminating point of sociohistorical and technological pressures in the wider histories of digital computing, archives, data storage, and social science scholarship.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122195513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
"Save the Cross Campus": Library Planning and Protests at Yale, 1968–1969 “拯救十字校园”:1968-1969年耶鲁大学图书馆规划与抗议
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2018-04-13 DOI: 10.7560/IC53202
G. Little
{"title":"\"Save the Cross Campus\": Library Planning and Protests at Yale, 1968–1969","authors":"G. Little","doi":"10.7560/IC53202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC53202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 1968 students and faculty at Yale University protested against plans for a new underground library. The protests reflected and refracted increased student and faculty campus activism, anxieties generated by urban renewal projects in New Haven, and concerns about the university's place in the city. This study challenges the assumption that the academic library was a passive spectator to events on campuses during the 1960s and analyzes how factors like changing space needs, the growth of published information, evolving information technologies, and campus activism impacted library planning and design at one of the country's largest academic libraries.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132514289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
"Crises" in Scholarly Communications?: Maturity and Transfer of the Journal of Library History to the University of Texas, 1968–1976 学术传播中的“危机”?:《图书馆史学报》的成熟与向德克萨斯大学的转移，1968-1976
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2018-04-13 DOI: 10.7560/IC53201
Maria E. Gonzalez, Patricia Galloway, G. Little, Dylan Mulvin, Christopher Loughnane, William Aspray
{"title":"\"Crises\" in Scholarly Communications?: Maturity and Transfer of the Journal of Library History to the University of Texas, 1968–1976","authors":"Maria E. Gonzalez, Patricia Galloway, G. Little, Dylan Mulvin, Christopher Loughnane, William Aspray","doi":"10.7560/IC53201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC53201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The story of the Journal of Library History, now known as Information & Culture: A Journal of History, continues with the buildout at Florida under Dean Harold Goldstein and the transfer of the Journal to the University of Texas at Austin under the aegis of the University of Texas Press and the editorship of Donald Davis. Historical perspectives are used to frame continuing crises in scholarly communications as they impinge on the Journal. This story is interpreted through the sociological lens of Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of social field, habitus, and multiple forms of capital.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114655967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Media Prophylaxis: Night Modes and the Politics of Preventing Harm 媒体预防:夜间模式和防止伤害的政治
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2018-04-13 DOI: 10.7560/IC53203
Dylan Mulvin
{"title":"Media Prophylaxis: Night Modes and the Politics of Preventing Harm","authors":"Dylan Mulvin","doi":"10.7560/IC53203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC53203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article develops the term \"media prophylaxis\" to analyze the ways technologies are applied to challenges of calibrating one's body with its environment and as defenses against endemic, human-made harms. In recent years, self-illuminated screens (like those of computers, phones, and tablets) have been identified by scientists, journalists, and concerned individuals as particularly pernicious sources of sleep-disrupting light. By tracing the history of circadian research, the effects of light on sleep patterns, and the recent appearance of software like \"f.lux,\" Apple's \"Night Shift,\" and \"Twilight,\" this article shows how media-prophylactic technologies can individualize responsibility for preventing harm while simultaneously surfacing otherwise ignored forms of chronic suffering.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129119383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Reading the Minor Forest Products Bulletins of the Philippine Bureau of Forestry: A Case Study of the Role of Reference Works in the American Empire of the Early Twentieth Century 阅读菲律宾林业局的小林产品公报:参考文献在二十世纪初美国帝国中的作用的个案研究
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2018-01-20 DOI: 10.7560/IC53103
Brendan Luyt
{"title":"Reading the Minor Forest Products Bulletins of the Philippine Bureau of Forestry: A Case Study of the Role of Reference Works in the American Empire of the Early Twentieth Century","authors":"Brendan Luyt","doi":"10.7560/IC53103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC53103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Empires are built around the control of information, with an often-overlooked aspect of empire building being the construction of tools of reference. These tools incorporate in summary form the multiplicity of inscriptions that are a product of the empire's epistemological operations. In order to shed some light on this face of empire, this article focuses on three readings of the minor forest products bulletins published by the Bureau of Forestry of the Philippines in the early twentieth century. The first of these readings sees the bulletins as demonstrating the Bureau of Forestry's mastery of the forest domain in the face of natural and human resistance to the bureau's work. In the second reading, we can see the bureau's efforts to create and assist \"botanical entrepreneurs\" capable and willing to exploit forest products in an efficient manner. Finally, we can read the bulletins as particular manifestations of the botanical guide as a genre. In this case, the bulletins created a series of \"inscription clusters\" that served to enhance the authority of the Bureau of Forestry as a mediator between users and the forests of the Philippines.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116039148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pinkerton's National Detective Agency and the Information Work of the Nineteenth-Century Surveillance State 平克顿的国家侦探局和19世纪监视国家的信息工作
Information & Culture: A Journal of History Pub Date : 2018-01-20 DOI: 10.7560/IC53104
Alan Bilansky
{"title":"Pinkerton's National Detective Agency and the Information Work of the Nineteenth-Century Surveillance State","authors":"Alan Bilansky","doi":"10.7560/IC53104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC53104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A private security contractor for business and government, Allan Pinkerton acted centrally in early chapters of the history of the security state. The operative and the report, Pinkerton's principal surveillance technologies, are analyzed here in relation to each other and in their historical development as information technology, drawing on Pinkerton's fictionalized accounts of cases, secret reports, and other agency documents. Pinkerton management was consistently preoccupied with strict compliance of operatives, their deployment in a network, and the regular submission of reports. This study suggests that information can lead to uncertainty and that the surveillance state was and is compartmentalized, entrepreneurial, and other-than-public.","PeriodicalId":328867,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture: A Journal of History","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124925729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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