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(Artificially) Intelligent Arbitration – The Ambitions and Limitations of Decision-making (人工)智能仲裁——决策的野心和局限性
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-3
Z. Gyurász, Dominika Gornaľová
{"title":"(Artificially) Intelligent Arbitration – The Ambitions and Limitations of Decision-making","authors":"Z. Gyurász, Dominika Gornaľová","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-3","url":null,"abstract":"The digital revolution of the 20th century made information available everywhere and anytime. Now in the age of Artificial Intelligence, this information is used for automating the decision-making process in the hope of a better and improved future. Bearing all the positives in our minds, we simply cannot forget about the concerns that artificial intelligence will have on dispute resolution. For these reasons, this article aims to analyze the use of artificial intelligence in the process of arbitrary decision-making. Exploring the technical aspects as well as the theoretical implications for decision-making.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127445080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
May Misapplication of EU Law Give Rise to International Responsibility... of the Member State Under Investment Treaties? 欧盟法律的误用可能引发国际责任……投资条约下的成员国?
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-5
Zdeněk Nový
{"title":"May Misapplication of EU Law Give Rise to International Responsibility... of the Member State Under Investment Treaties?","authors":"Zdeněk Nový","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to answer the question whether Member States may be responsible for violation of investment standards by misapplication of EU law. It consequently deals with a number of preliminary issues. First, it asks whether liability for breaches of EU law lies within the exclusive do-main of the Member States courts and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Second, it analyzes the status of EU law under investment treaties, while having regard mainly to substantive aspects. Subsequently, it integrates misapplication of EU law into the matrix of state responsibility under inves-tment treaties. Finally, the paper offers some thoughts on how misapplication of EU law is treated un-der the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between the EU and Canada. The overall conclusion of the paper being that misapplications of EU law have remained important in the context of investment protection.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123506907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Civil Law Consequences of Corruption Under the Czech Law... in the Light of International Commercial Arbitration 捷克法律下的腐败民事后果分析……根据国际商事仲裁
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-15
Michaela Garajová
{"title":"Analysis of Civil Law Consequences of Corruption Under the Czech Law... in the Light of International Commercial Arbitration","authors":"Michaela Garajová","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-15","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the civil law consequences of corruption of the contractual parties assessed in international commercial arbitration under the Czech law applicable to the merits of the dispute. The act of corruption is under most jurisdictions considered as a criminal offence. However, it can have a great legal impact on the contracts tainted by corruption, especially with the regard to its validity. There are two categorize of such contracts, one providing for corruption, and one procured by corruption. As stipulated in this paper, such activities are common in international trade nowadays. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether a particular national legislation draws adequate private law consequences to deter and punish potential perpetrators of corruption.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123969281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of ICC Expert Report vs. ICC Arbitration Award Within ADR 国际商会专家报告与国际商会仲裁裁决在ADR中的比较
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-14
Vanessa Bugyiová
{"title":"Comparison of ICC Expert Report vs. ICC Arbitration Award Within ADR","authors":"Vanessa Bugyiová","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-14","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is to compare the ICC Expert proceedings and ICC Arbitration within alternative dispute resolution services provided by the International Chamber of Commerce. These two procee-dings are widely used contractually in conjunction, however their outcomes and effectiveness pursu-ant to the legal framework of the Slovak Republic differ. We aim to outline the important factors to consider when choosing these methods of dispute resolution and their particularities. This contri-bution will contrast the legal nature of ICC Expert Reports and ICC Arbitration Awards and their re-spective recognition and enforceability in the Slovak Republic.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116135917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impact of Brexit on the Arbitration Procedure in Great Britain 英国脱欧对英国仲裁程序的影响
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-4
Magdalena Wasylkowska-Michór
{"title":"The Impact of Brexit on the Arbitration Procedure in Great Britain","authors":"Magdalena Wasylkowska-Michór","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-4","url":null,"abstract":"The current position of the UK as the most frequently chosen place for international commercial arbit-ration is the result of long period of growth and development of arbitration proceedings in this country. As of 31 December 2020, the UK ceased to be a member of the EU, the problem arose how would in-ternational arbitration in this country look like. The main aim of this contribution is firstly to show how the arbitration procedure in the UK works and what is its legal basis. The paper then focuses on the procedure for the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards, which is particularly impor-tant now in the view of Brexit. Next, the author presents issues that may be problematic in connection with Brexit, i.e., so called anti-suit junctions and public policy.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123136171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comfortable Satisfaction Before the Court of Arbitration for Sport: Consistency Despite Differences? 体育仲裁法庭前的舒适满意度:尽管存在差异，但一致性?
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-13
Patrik Provazník
{"title":"Comfortable Satisfaction Before the Court of Arbitration for Sport: Consistency Despite Differences?","authors":"Patrik Provazník","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-13","url":null,"abstract":"The Court of Arbitration for Sport’s privileged position lends considerable authority to its adjudication practice, which gives rise to a number of principles that are subsequently adopted into general applica-tion. One of these principles is the standard of proof referred to as “comfortable satisfaction”. Howe-ver, its application raises several theoretical and practical issues. An analysis of publicly available awards shows that there are different approaches to this standard across arbitral panels, which, in the eyes of theory, considerably affect the process of evidence. This contribution therefore seeks to present these different approaches against the backdrop of an analysis of available awards and academic deba-tes, and to answer the question of whether these differences, translated into practice, cause inconsis-tencies within decision-making practice.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129690836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Rules of Law” and Lex Mercatoria Determination Under the Auspice of ICC Arbitration 国际商会仲裁支持下的“法律规则”与《墨卡托利亚法》认定
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-10
Lukáš Grodl
{"title":"“Rules of Law” and Lex Mercatoria Determination Under the Auspice of ICC Arbitration","authors":"Lukáš Grodl","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-10","url":null,"abstract":"The ICC arbitration, being one of the most common ones in international commercial arbitration, is also one of the most benevolent to the application of supranational substantive rules, including the lex mercatoria. While it has not always been the case, since 1998, the arbitrators may less focus on complex reasoning as to why the lex mercatoria might be applicable, and rather may fully concen-trate on the rightful adjudication of the dispute. This article presents a summary of changes in ICC arbit-ration stance on the applicability of lex mercatoria, as voiced by the permission to inter partes elect, or ex post determine, substantive “rules of law” rather than just a “law”. Connotations of ICC jurispru-dence towards applicable lex mercatoria and its relationship to state law is also discussed and evalu-ated.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"127 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126299452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Crime of Bending the Law From the Point of View of the Arbitrator... of the Court of Arbitration and Application Practice 从仲裁人的角度看屈辱罪……《仲裁院与应用实务》
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-16
M. Filipová, V. Barková
{"title":"The Crime of Bending the Law From the Point of View of the Arbitrator... of the Court of Arbitration and Application Practice","authors":"M. Filipová, V. Barková","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-16","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the crime of bending the law of arbitrators of the Court of Arbitration in terms of particular features of the subject matter of this newly created crime in the Slovak legislation. The subjective nature of this crime raises the question of a possible collective offender, i.e., the Court of Arbitration consisting of various arbitrators whose conduct results in the collective award. It is also noteworthy to mention the objective side of this subject matter in case of arbitrators lacking law ba-ckground (even if they are experts in the given field). The aim of this paper is to analyze what conduct of the arbitrator can be subject to criminal punishment or what conduct will demonstrate the elements of arbitrariness from the part of the arbitrator or the Court of Arbitration and what consequences such conduct will have for the award of the Court of Arbitration itself.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133519631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Virtual Arbitration Hearings in Times of COVID-19 (And Beyond) 2019冠状病毒病(及以后)时期的虚拟仲裁听证会
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-1
Bára Bečvářová
{"title":"Virtual Arbitration Hearings in Times of COVID-19 (And Beyond)","authors":"Bára Bečvářová","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-1","url":null,"abstract":"Until 2020, arbitration hearings usually presumed a physical presence of all participants in one room. Although hearings conducted by way of remote communication, i.e., virtual hearings, have been technically possible for several years, their use was limited at best. Due to travel restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation changed rapidly and virtual hearings came into the focus of the arbitral community. Mindful of the changing attitudes, this paper firstly discusses attributes of the virtual hearings, their advantages and challenges. Furthermore, with the benefit of the hindsight, the second part looks at how the arbitral institutions handled the “new normal” imposed by COVID-19 in terms of the guidance provided to the tribunals and parties.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130168753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What We Know, We Don’t Know About Macao’s Arbitration Framework and the Way Forward 澳门仲裁框架的知与不知与未来路向
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-19
M. Chan
{"title":"What We Know, We Don’t Know About Macao’s Arbitration Framework and the Way Forward","authors":"M. Chan","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-19","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing attention has been drawn recently to the arbitration community after the long-waited call for reform in arbitration regime back in 1996, the new Macao Arbitration Law has finally come into force on 4 May 2020. Still a phenomenon today, Macao SAR is not regarded as a popular destination for ar-bitration given the very strong competitions of “international” arbitral institutions surrounded in the South-East Asia Region, like Singapore, Hong Kong SAR, and Mainland China, but also probably due to its “imperfect” arbitration system that Macao SAR that was deeply-rooted in the past. In response to the growth of international commercial arbitration cases worldwide, Macao SAR has tried hard to ameliorate in a number of ways without giving up its share in the arbitration market. In-deed, one good example is the reform of the latest Macao Arbitration Law in 2019. However, this may not serve as a “panacea” to bring any instant changes in arbitration, and promotion of Macao SAR as a “user-friendly” seat for arbitration may require time and joint effort from every stakeholder to make that happen. This paper will revisit the evolution of the Macao’s arbitration system and its latest development, the potential challenges that pose to Macao SAR, a brief introduction of local arbit-ral institutions, as well as the likely concerns that the arbitral institutions and arbitration users may face when it comes to the choice for the place of arbitration.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116891366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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