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The Arbitration Convention as One of the Measures to Eliminate Double Taxation... in the European Union and in Slovak Republic 仲裁公约作为消除双重征税的措施之一在欧盟和斯洛伐克共和国
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-17
Peter Rakovský
{"title":"The Arbitration Convention as One of the Measures to Eliminate Double Taxation... in the European Union and in Slovak Republic","authors":"Peter Rakovský","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-17","url":null,"abstract":"In the world of taxes, double taxation or double non-taxation represents one of the main problems within international taxation. Fair taxation, which manifests itself as a taxation of incomes in countries where the value is created in the light of legal tax optimization, is an important issue for a lot of international organisations and a relevant topic of innumerable initiatives and statements. In that regard, tax disputes between two or more states arise whose subject is the profit allocation. Such dis-putes are the main object of the so-called Arbitration Convention, which stipulates international chall-enge of the present and future of the profit allocation. Secondary subject of this article is to point out other relevant international and national arbitration measures within the European Union and Slovak Republic.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124051393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
International Investment Court System: The Future of Investment Dispute Settlement? 国际投资法院制度:投资争端解决的未来?
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-6
Michal Plšek
{"title":"International Investment Court System: The Future of Investment Dispute Settlement?","authors":"Michal Plšek","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-6","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is concerned with examining the texts of the Investment Protection Agreements concluded by the European Union, for the purpose of addressing some of the issues created by the shortcomings of the texts. Focus is given to the provisions related to the Investment Court System established under the respective agreements. The relevant provisions are subject to analysis and conclusions are drawn in an effort to address the issues that arisen. Taken into consideration are works of various other scho-lars who contributed to the topic.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122855043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sources of Transnational Public Policy in International Commercial Arbitration 国际商事仲裁中的跨国公共政策渊源
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-11
Radovan Malachta
{"title":"Sources of Transnational Public Policy in International Commercial Arbitration","authors":"Radovan Malachta","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-11","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with transnational public policy in international commercial arbitration. Firstly, the distinction between national and international public policy and the application of these types of public policy in arbitration are presented. Secondly, a characterization of transnational public policy is given so that the paper can discuss the question – what are the sources of transnational public policy. In the last part, the application of transnational public policy is then inferred from the existence of international conventions, from the lex mercatoria and from deciding as amiable compositeur.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128182937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
EU and Its New Mechanism for the ISDS in the Protection of FDI – What the Future Holds? 欧盟及其ISDS保护外国直接投资的新机制——未来如何?
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-7
T. Ševčíková
{"title":"EU and Its New Mechanism for the ISDS in the Protection of FDI – What the Future Holds?","authors":"T. Ševčíková","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-7","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution deals with two debates that are taking place within the EU. Internally inside the EU about a possible alternative to ISDS, if any is needed. Specifically, the questions are: what are the possibilities? And how does the progress in the EU looks like? Externally, with non-EU countries via bilateral agreements, free trade agreements and globally within UNCITRAL.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"245 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131559925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regulation of Arbitration Agreements Under New York Convention 《纽约公约》对仲裁协议的规定
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-12
Kateřina Zabloudilová
{"title":"Regulation of Arbitration Agreements Under New York Convention","authors":"Kateřina Zabloudilová","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-12","url":null,"abstract":"Subjects of international commercial transactions conclude arbitration agreements that are governed by New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. This article aims to analyze the regulation of arbitration agreements under New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. This includes the understanding of an arbitration agreement itself and the requirements for its formal and material validity. Moreover, the Czech Regulation of arbitration agreements will be considered.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121169031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
International Arbitration and Blockchain: Current State, Types, Characteristics and the Future Perspective 国际仲裁与区块链:现状、类型、特征与未来展望
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-2
Ye. M. Shcherbyna
{"title":"International Arbitration and Blockchain: Current State, Types, Characteristics and the Future Perspective","authors":"Ye. M. Shcherbyna","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-2","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to the issues of the interplay of modern technologies such as blockchain and smart contracts with commercial arbitration: how these can be utilized together to achieve even more flexibility when it comes to the resolution of disputes that might occur between the involved parties. The emphasis is made on the so-called ‘on-chain arbitration’ that represents the technological soluti-ons that offer blockchain-based dispute resolution – an alternative to conventional commercial arbitra-tion. The pros and cons of the technology are covered in-depth.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"1135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124032410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Possibility of Resolving Individual Labor Disputes in Croatian Law by Arbitration 克罗地亚法律中通过仲裁解决个人劳动争议的可能性
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-18
Trpimir Perkušić
{"title":"Possibility of Resolving Individual Labor Disputes in Croatian Law by Arbitration","authors":"Trpimir Perkušić","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-18","url":null,"abstract":"Given the specificity of labor relations, and thus disputes that may arise from these relations, there are several ways to resolve them. Besides the regular procedure before the competent national court, i.e., court proceeding, there is also a possibility of out-of-court or an alternative dispute resolution. The paper analyzes arbitration as one of the alternative ways of resolving individual labor disputes and, given the different points of view of case law and legal doctrine, especially the arbitrability of these labor disputes. As the norms that regulate the possibility of resolving individual labor disputes are in-conclusive and inconsistent in relation to the general rules on arbitration, they do not explicitly answer the question whether the disputes are arbitrable, nor do they clearly define the preconditions for in-terpreting the arbitrability of these disputes according to general arbitration rules. In this sense, the paper analyzes the answers to these open questions, and offers solutions de lege ferenda in terms of arbitrability of individual labor disputes in Croatian law.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130044772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
(Un)Clean Hands in International Investment Arbitration: Some Cleaning Required? (Un)国际投资仲裁中的清洁手:需要一些清洁?
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-8
Igor Hron
{"title":"(Un)Clean Hands in International Investment Arbitration: Some Cleaning Required?","authors":"Igor Hron","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-8","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is to examine the so-called doctrine of clean hands frequently utilized as a defence in Investor-State arbitration procedures under international investment agreements in cases, where the law of the host State has been violated. The paper thus provides a historical and comparative context of the doctrine at hand stemming from the common law tradition. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the status of the doctrine under contemporary international law by analysing the scholar views, as well as the jurisprudence of international bodies.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125111107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Challenges of Arbitrators in Inter-State Cases: A Different Cattle of Fish? 州际案件中仲裁员的挑战:不同的鱼类?
Cofola International 2021 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-9
Kaiqiang Zhang
{"title":"Challenges of Arbitrators in Inter-State Cases: A Different Cattle of Fish?","authors":"Kaiqiang Zhang","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-9","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to those in international commercial and investment arbitration, arbitrator-challenge practi-ces in inter-state cases are abnormally rare. The reasons behind the asymmetric practices include the ideology towards the role of arbitrators (authority vs. expertise), the effectiveness of enforcement (whether the award can be executed in domestic courts or whether there exist preconditions), and the unique structure and function of the specific tribunals. By virtue of illustrating the rules and practi-ces of the ad hoc tribunal established under Annex VII of the United States Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, and the International Court of Justice, the current standard, “justifiable doubts to the impartiality and independence of arbitrators”, is not interpreted uniformly and somehow unreasonable. To overcome the phenomenon of fragmentation and other problems, the arbitrator-challenge rules in inter-state disputes should not be treated differently and should be harmonized with rules and case laws developed in international commercial and investment arbitration.","PeriodicalId":328057,"journal":{"name":"Cofola International 2021","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115084925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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